C2H221分子转动角动量定向分布(Orientation)及其碰撞弛豫和转移

利用圆偏振激光受激Raman抽运,以 C₂H₂分子为样品选择性地制备了它的电子基态单一转动态(X¹Σ⁺_g,ν″₂＝1,J″的角动量定向布居(orientation)．并从圆偏振紫外激光诱导的A¹A_u(ν′₃＝1)←X¹Σ⁺_g(ν″₂＝1)的荧光（谱）,直接测定了 C₂H₂(X¹Σ^＋_g,ν″₂＝1,J″＝4,7,8,…,13）的角动量定向布居值．从时间分辨的荧光信号谱测定了角动量定向布居的碰撞弛豫速率常数,同时还研究了由各初始激励的转动态向其他邻近转动态碰撞诱导的角动量定向布居转移． 关键词：     

分子角动量定位和定向布居的制备与探测

利用线偏振和园偏振激光受激拉曼抽运技术，选择性地制备了C2H2线性分子电子基中红外非激活振动模v″2=1的单一转动态J″（X^1∑^ g,v″＝1，J″）的角动量定向布居和定位布居。并从线偏振及园偏振紫外激光光诱导的A^1*Au(v′3＝1）←X^1∑^ g(v″2＝1）的电子跃迁荧光光谱中，直接测定了C2H2（X^1∑^ g，v″=1，J″＝4、7、8、9、10、11、12、13）的角动量定向布居值A^(1)O为0．7－0．8之间，对于J″=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、11的角动量定位布居值A^(2)0为－0．7－－0．9。这一结果表明，人们可用于上述激光抽动技术可控制C2H2分子在反应前的角动量空间布居。     

振动激发态NO（v）向NO2的快速传能

利用激光光解时间分辨富里叶红外发射谱仪对ＮＯ（ｖ）被ＮＯ２的碰撞弛豫进行了研究。观察到激光光解ＮＯ２后反应产物ＮＯ（ｖ≤３）的红外发射谱及其变化。通过光谱拟合，得到各振动态布居及其随时间的演变，由此获得ＮＯ（ｖ＝１￣３）的各不同振动态被ＮＯ２碰撞弛豫的传能常数。这种较通常传能常数高出１￣２个数量级的转速ｖ－ｖ传能用碰撞复合体模型加以解释。     

DMF－H＿2O和DMF－D＿2O体系中￣（14）N弛豫的动态同位素效应的研究

本文测定了ＤＭＦ－Ｈ＿２Ｏ和ＤＭＦ－Ｄ＿２Ｏ体系在全部浓度范围内（摩尔分数为０～１）ＤＭＦ分子中四极核￣（１４）Ｎ的弛豫时间，讨论了弛豫的溶剂同位素效应和影响四极核弛豫的因素。研究结果表明，体系中￣（１４）Ｎ的弛豫与溶剂水分子的动力学行为有着密切的联系，在无限稀释条件下溶质分子的运动完全受溶剂分子的控制．     

Na2高位振动态与Ar，N2碰撞中模温度的变化

利用受激发射泵浦激发Na2分子,使Na2 得到布居,研究了高振动激发态Na2*与Ar和N2的碰撞弛豫过程。由激光诱导荧光得到Na2 各振动能级的时间分辨布居分布,从而得到Boltzmann振动温度和转动温度随时间的变化。对于Na2*与Ar碰撞,在泵浦-探测延迟时间tD=8μs前,振动温度Tvib减小很慢;在8-12μs间,Tvib迅速下降并达到平衡。而转动温度Trot和平移温度Ttran在Tvib迅速下降时才开始缓慢增加。对于Na2*与N2碰撞,Tvib存在三个变化阶段,先是迅速下降,然后下降减缓,最后减小很慢并达到平衡。而在整个过程中,Trot和Ttran一直是很缓慢地增加。实验数据说明了弛豫过程是分阶段进行的,单一速率系数不能正确解释复杂的弛豫过程,并会丢失平衡过程中的关键特点。     

Na2高位振动态与Ar，N2碰撞中模温度的变化

利用受激发射泵浦激发Na2分子,使Na2 得到布居,研究了高振动激发态Na2*与Ar和N2的碰撞弛豫过程。由激光诱导荧光得到Na2 各振动能级的时间分辨布居分布,从而得到Boltzmann振动温度和转动温度随时间的变化。对于Na2*与Ar碰撞,在泵浦-探测延迟时间tD=8μs前,振动温度Tvib减小很慢;在8-12μs间,Tvib迅速下降并达到平衡。而转动温度Trot和平移温度Ttran在Tvib迅速下降时才开始缓慢增加。对于Na2*与N2碰撞,Tvib存在三个变化阶段,先是迅速下降,然后下降减缓,最后减小很慢并达到平衡。而在整个过程中,Trot和Ttran一直是很缓慢地增加。实验数据说明了弛豫过程是分阶段进行的,单一速率系数不能正确解释复杂的弛豫过程,并会丢失平衡过程中的关键特点。     

超声射流中CS2分子转动弛豫的研究

通过ＣＳ２分子３５２．４￣３５２．７ｎｍ的Ｒ＾３Ｂ２（１５０）←Ｘ＾１Σｇ＾＋（０,０,０）激光诱导荧光（ＬＩＦ）激发谱,测量了沿超声射流轴线上Ｘ／Ｄ＝３￣１５的１９个不同点处ＣＳ２分子的转动温度,得到转动温度随平动温度的变化关系,进而由弛豫方程得到转动弛豫几率与平动温度的关系。结果表明,在低温范围内随着温度的降低,转动弛豫几率增大,说明吸引力对传能过程起主导作用。     

Br2偶宇称里德堡态的转动结构和电子角动量

由（２＋１）多光子电离方法获得溴分子６８８００－６９６００ｃｍ＾－１范围内的［ΠΠ／２］４ｄ偶宇称里德堡态转动激发光谱，通过对转动光谱的分析，确定了转动常数，Ｂ８１－８１＝０．０８６８８。并对电子角动量进行了标定，角动量Ω＝１。     

Sr（5p^1P1）的P轨道角动量的碰撞跃迁

用线偏振的脉冲激光泵浦的Ｓｒ（５ｐ＾１Ｐ１，Ｍ＝０）原子，在束气条件下，与Ａｒ原子碰撞而发生Ｐ轨道角动量的跃迁。在不同的氢气压力下，通过检测Ｓｒ原子荧光在水平和垂直方向上的偏振分量随时间的变化，确定了去偏振速率常数ｋｐ＝２．５±０．５×１０＾－９ｃｍ＾３ｍｏｌ＾－１ｓ＾－１。由此推导出角动量碰撞跃迁的截面为σＴ＝２ｎｍ＾２２，如此之大的跃迁截面归结为Ｓｒ（５ｐ＾１Ｐ１）和Ａｒ之间的长程相互作用。     

高振动激发Na2与Ar,H2的碰撞弛豫

受激发射泵浦(SEP)激发Na2(X1Σ+g)的(v=33~51,J=11)高位振动态,利用激光诱导荧光(LIF)光谱研究了Na2(X)高位振动态分别与Ar和H2的碰撞能量转移过程。SEP布居的高位态粒子的衰减曲线是一纯指数函数,由此得到总碰撞转移速率系数,它们随振动能级的增加而线性增加。测量从νp=48,Jp=11转移到(47,J)态上布居的LIF光强的相对强度,得到相对转移速率系数,再由总转移速率系数得到态—态转移的绝对速率系数。对于Na2(ν)+Ar,多量子弛豫没有观察到。对于Na(ν=48)+H2,由泵浦得到的高位态ν=48上的布居的相当大的部分直接弛豫到较低能级ν=43(Δν=-5),所用的弛豫时间比位于ν=48和43中间的态之间的碰撞时间还要短,故相继单量子弛豫的机制可消除。对于ν=48,至少有占其布居数的40%的粒子经历了多量子振动弛豫过程,对这种过程的可能机制进行了讨论。     

Stabilizing photoassociated Cs2 molecules by optimal control

We demonstrate theoretically that photoassociated molecules can be stabilized to deeply bound states. This process is achieved by transferring the population from the outer well to the inner well using the optimal control theory, the Cs 2 molecule is taken as an example. Numerical calculations show that weakly bound molecules formed in the outer well by a pump pulse can be compressed to the inner well via a vibrational level of the ground electronic state as an intermediary by an additionally optimized laser pulse. The positively chirped pulse can enhance the population of the target state. With a transform-limited dump pulse, nearly all the photoassociated molecules in the inner well of the excited electronic state can be transferred to the deeply vibrational level of the ground electronic state.     

水高温高密度状态方程理论研究

 采用MCR方法计算由exp-6势描述的水分子作用体系的pVT状态方程。与MD数值模拟结果比较后发现，由于水分子间强烈的吸引作用有利于分子有序化过程的发生，在较高温度（2 000~4 000 K）条件下，水分子作用体系仍呈现出固态特征。该物相区内体系的热力学性质不能用MCR理论描述但MCR理论准确预言了水分子作用体系高温液相区pVT状态方程。     

Prospects for sympathetic cooling of molecules in electrostatic, ac and microwave traps

We consider how trapped molecules can be sympathetically cooled by ultracold atoms. As a prototypical system, we study LiH molecules co-trapped with ultracold Li atoms. We calculate the elastic and inelastic collision cross sections of ⁷LiH + ⁷Li with the molecules initially in the ground state and in the first rotationally excited state. We then use these cross sections to simulate sympathetic cooling in a static electric trap, an ac electric trap, and a microwave trap. In the static trap we find that inelastic losses are too great for cooling to be feasible for this system. The ac and microwave traps confine ground-state molecules, and so inelastic losses are suppressed. However, collisions in the ac trap can take molecules from stable trajectories to unstable ones and so sympathetic cooling is accompanied by trap loss. In the microwave trap there are no such losses and sympathetic cooling should be possible.     

Microwave traps for cold polar molecules

We discuss the possibility of trapping polar molecules in the standing-wave electromagnetic field of a microwave resonant cavity. Such a trap has several novel features that make it very attractive for the development of ultracold molecule sources. Using commonly available technologies, microwave traps can be built with large depth (up to several Kelvin) and acceptance volume (up to several cm³), suitable for efficient loading with currently available sources of cold polar molecules. Unlike most previous traps for molecules, this technology can be used to confine the strong-field seeking absolute ground state of the molecule, in a free-space maximum of the microwave electric field. Such ground state molecules should be immune to inelastic collisional losses. We calculate elastic collision cross-sections for the trapped molecules, due to the electrical polarization of the molecules at the trap center, and find that they are extraordinarily large. Thus, molecules in a microwave trap should be very amenable to sympathetic and/or evaporative cooling. The combination of these properties seems to open a path to producing large samples of polar molecules at temperatures much lower than has been previously possible.Received: 30 June 2004, Published online: 23 November 2004PACS: 33.80.Ps Optical cooling of molecules; trapping - 34.50.-s Scattering of atoms and molecules - 33.80.-b Photon interactions with molecules - 33.55.Be Zeeman and Stark effects     

超冷极性分子

目前对超冷原子的研究已经从最初的原子分子物理扩展到了物理的很多分支.极性分子可以将电偶极相互作用引入到超冷体系,同时分子又与原子类似,可以灵活地被光和其他电磁场操控,因而很多理论工作都预言了超冷极性分子在超冷化学、量子模拟和量子信息等领域会有重要的应用.但由于超冷基态分子的制备非常困难,如何把超冷物理从原子发展到分子还是一个方兴未艾的课题.过去的10年间,各种分子冷却技术都取得了很大突破,本文回顾了这些进展,并着重介绍了基于异核冷原子的磁缔合结合受激拉曼转移这一技术,该技术在制备高密度的基态碱金属超冷极性分子上取得了较大的成功.本文也总结了超冷极性碱金属分子基本碰撞特性研究的一些实验结果.     

Selecting molecules in the vibrational and rotational ground state by deflection

A beam of diatomic molecules scattered off a standing wave laser mode splits according to the rovibrational quantum state of the molecules. Our numerical calculation shows that single state resolution can be achieved by properly tuned, monochromatic light. The proposed scheme allows for selecting non-vibrating and non-rotating molecules from a thermal beam, implementing a laser Maxwell's demon to prepare a rovibrationally cold molecular ensemble. Received 23 August 2000 and Received in final form 17 November 2000     

Influence of the chain length of long molecules on the equation of state in binary gas-liquid mixtures

The simple Flory-Huggins model can be combined with the lattice gas as was done by Tompa and others. Here the same method is used to obtain the van der Waals equation of state for a binary gas-liquid system containing a solute consisting of segmented molecules. The simplified equation of state developed here is useful for the study of the critical properties of such systems, in particular, the dependence of the various parameters on the chain length of the molecules.     

Quantum phase transitions of polar molecules in bilayer systems

We investigate the quantum phase transitions of bosonic polar molecules in a two-dimensional double layer system. We show that an interlayer bound state of dipoles (dimers) can be formed when the dipole strength is above a critical value, leading to a zero-energy resonance in the interlayer s-wave scattering channel. In the positive detuning side of the resonance, the strong repulsive interlayer pseudopotential can drive the system into a maximally entangled state, where the wave function is a superposition of two states that have all molecules in one layer and none in the other. We discuss how the zero-energy resonance, dimer states, and the maximally entangled state can be measured in time-of-flight experiments.     

Role of weak transitions in multiphoton excitation of molecules by IR laser radiation

Simultaneous excitation of a considerable part of molecules from many rotational levels of the ground state to higher vibrational states by IR laser radiation can be explained by considering weak transitions in a rotational band structure as it is shown at the example of SF₆ molecule. Very accurate compensation of anharmonicity in relatively wide spectral interval at comparatively low intensity of laser radiation can be explained on this basis. The considered scheme can be applied to the molecules of various symmetry with arbitrary anharmonicity.     

介质势垒放电(DBD)等离子体中NO荧光发射谱研究

利用介质阻挡放电 (DBD)等离子体技术对大气污染物NO分子进行了光谱研究 ,得到了低气压条件下放电等离子体在 2 1 0～ 2 80nm光谱范围内的荧光发射谱。该谱明显的表现为双峰结构 ,谱线均成对出现 ,强度分布符合Frank Condon原理 ,且最大峰值位置出现在 2 36nm处 ,将该组谱线归属为NO分子的A2 ΣA →X2 Π1 / 2 ,2 / 3 跃迁。荧光产生过程为 :基态NO分子与高能电子发生非弹性碰撞被激发至激发态A2 Σ 后自发跃迁回基态同时辐射出荧光。通过测量等离子体中NO分子和N2 分子 337nm谱线强度随时间的变化关系 ,初步证实了放电等离子体中存在的NO分子的分解机制为 :e NO→N O e,N NO→N2 O ,O NO→NO2 hν。