Security of decoy states QKD with finite resources against collective attacks

The number of transmitted signals in practical quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is always finite. We discuss the security of decoy states QKD protocol with finite resources by considering the statistical fluctuation for the yield and error rate of the quantum state in different sources of pulses (signal sources and decoy sources). The number of exchanged quantum signals vs positive key generation rate is given with experiment results.     

Infrared image detail enhancement based on local adaptive gamma correction

An infrared image detail enhancement method based on local adaptive gamma correction (LAGC) is proposed. The local adaptive gamma values are designed based on the Weber curve to enhance effectively the image details. Subsequently, the active grayscale range of the image processed by LAGC is further extended by using our proposed histogram statistical stretching. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm could considerably increase the image details and improve the contrast of the entire image. Thus, it has significant potential for practical applications.     

Reduction of range walk error in direct detection laser radar using a Geiger mode avalanche photodiode

In this paper a new technique to improve the accuracy of direct detection time-of-flight (TOF) laser radar using a Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (APD) by reducing range walk error is presented. Assuming that the creation of primary electrons in the APD is Poisson-distributed, a mathematical model for the detection probability of each time bin in a TOF histogram is derived. It is shown that the range walk error depends on the energy of the laser-return pulse at the Geiger mode APD with the mathematical model regarded as the TOF histogram of multiple laser pulses in a single-hit case. The method which reduces the range walk error with the center of mass detection in the TOF histogram is then proposed, and the experiment for its proof is carried out.     

用Excel研究单摆测重力加速度实验中的随机误差分布规律

在单摆法测重力加速度实验中,为了能够快速且正确地得到摆球运动周期的随机误差分布规律,本文提出了一种应用Excel软件给出随机误差统计直方图的方法。该方法简单直观,能够加深同学对随机误差统计规律的认识。     

Unified and generalized approach to quantum error correction

We present a unified approach to quantum error correction, called operator quantum error correction. Our scheme relies on a generalized notion of a noiseless subsystem that is investigated here. By combining the active error correction with this generalized noiseless subsystems method, we arrive at a unified approach which incorporates the known techniques--i.e., the standard error correction model, the method of decoherence-free subspaces, and the noiseless subsystem method--as special cases. Moreover, we demonstrate that the quantum error correction condition from the standard model is a necessary condition for all known methods of quantum error correction.     

Physical fault tolerance of nanoelectronics

The error rate in complementary transistor circuits is suppressed exponentially in electron number, arising from an intrinsic physical implementation of fault-tolerant error correction. Contrariwise, explicit assembly of gates into the most efficient known fault-tolerant architecture is characterized by a subexponential suppression of error rate with electron number, and incurs significant overhead in wiring and complexity. We conclude that it is more efficient to prevent logical errors with physical fault tolerance than to correct logical errors with fault-tolerant architecture.     

采用加权直方图分析和蒙特卡洛重采样法对自由能级的校正研究

本文采用加权直方图分析方法和蒙特卡洛重采样方法进行自由基校正研究. 生成的自由能表面几乎可以收敛到具有足够采样情况的精准表面，并且比常规的加权直方图分析校正方法能更稳定地处理采样不足的情况，为检测能级校正表面的不确定性提供指南，并且定义了明确的标准用以确定能改善其视觉效果的自由能表面平滑程度. 本文通过水中的丙氨酸二肽和KillerRed蛋白质子转移的自由能图证明该方法的优势，说明蒙特卡洛重采样法可以作为在产生自由能表面实际的系统中的实用工具.     

Finite-size effect on two-particle production in continuous and discrete spectrum

The formalism allowing one to account for the effect of a finite space-time extent of particle production region is given. Its applications to the lifetime measurement of hadronic atoms produced by a high-energy beam in a thin target, as well as to the femtoscopy techniques widely used to measure space-time characteristics of the production processes, are discussed. Particularly, it is found that the neglect of the finite-size effect on the pionium lifetime measurement in the experiment DIRAC at CERN could lead to the lifetime overestimation comparable with the 10% statistical error. The theoretical systematic errors arising in the calculation of the finite-size effect due to the neglect of non-equal emission times in the pair center-of-mass system, the space-time coherence and the residual charge are shown to be negligible. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

Adaptive gamma correction based on cumulative histogram for enhancing near-infrared images

Histogram-based methods have been proven their ability in image enhancement. To improve low contrast while preserving details and high brightness in near-infrared images, a novel method called adaptive gamma correction based on cumulative histogram (AGCCH) is studied in this paper. This novel image enhancement method improves the contrast of local pixels through adaptive gamma correction (AGC), which is formed by incorporating a cumulative histogram or cumulative sub-histogram into the weighting distribution. Both qualitatively and quantitatively, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed image enhancement with the AGCCH method can perform well in brightness preservation, contrast enhancement, and detail preservation, and it is superior to previous state-of-the-art methods.     

Security of the Decoy State Two-Way Quantum Key Distribution with Finite Resources

The quantum key distribution(QKD) allows two parties to share a secret key by typically making use of a one-way quantum channel However,the two-way QKD has its own unique advantages,which means the two-way QKD has become a focus recently.To improve the practical performance of the two-way QKD,we present a security analysis of a two-way QKD protocol based on the decoy method with heralded single-photon sources(HSPSs).We make use of two approaches to calculate the yield and the quantum bit error rate of single-photon and two-photon pulses.Then we present the secret key generation rate based on the GLLP formula.The numerical simulation shows that the protocol with HSPSs has an advantage in the secure distance compared with weak coherent state sources.In addition,we present the final secret key generation rate of the LM05 protocol with finite resources by considering the statistical fluctuation of the yield and the error rate.     

Generalization of quantum error correction via the Heisenberg picture

We show that the theory of operator quantum error correction can be naturally generalized by allowing constraints not only on states but also on observables. The resulting theory describes the correction of algebras of observables (and may therefore suitably be called "operator algebra quantum error correction"). In particular, the approach provides a framework for the correction of hybrid quantum-classical information and it does not require the state to be entirely in one of the corresponding subspaces or subsystems. We discuss applications to quantum teleportation and to the study of information flows in quantum interactions.     

Auditory space expansion via linear filtering

A signal-processing algorithm that modifies the interaural time delays associated with directional sources is described. Signals received at two microphones are processed by four linear filters arranged in a lattice configuration to produce two outputs, one for each ear. Since the processing is linear, the method is equally applicable to single or multiple directional sources. The filters are designed to minimize the average squared error between a user specified desired space warping function and the actual warping function that they implement. Two classes of filters are considered: filters whose frequency response is unconstrained and filters constrained to be causal with finite impulse response. In both cases the solution of the least-squares problem is given and properties of the actual space warping function are examined. Perceptual experiments and analysis of acoustic waveforms are utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Extension of this method for utilizing more than two microphones is described.     

法拉第旋转对空间被动微波遥感的影响及消除

法拉第旋转是空间被动微波遥感重要的误差来源之一.本文研究了法拉第旋转变化的机理;分析了法拉第旋转对微波辐射计观测精度的影响;着重就1.4 GHz 正交极化通道亮温T_v以及10.7 GHz 相关极化通道亮温U的法拉第旋转校正展开讨论.通过仿真2006年海南某观测站点全年的星载微波辐射计观测数据并利用蒙特卡罗法模拟噪声的影响,分析比较了使用辅助数据(IRI 模型法)和极化模式(Yueh方法和Ribó方法)两种途径对法拉第旋转的校正效果,进而提出了一种应用IGS 关键词： 法拉第旋转 微波遥感 微波辐射计 国际GNSS服务网(IGS)     

Localization of toric code defects

We explore the possibility of passive error correction in the toric code model. We first show that even coherent dynamics, stemming from spin interactions or the coupling to an external magnetic field, lead to logical errors. We then argue that Anderson localization of the defects, arising from unavoidable fluctuations of the coupling constants, provides a remedy. This protection is demonstrated by using general analytical arguments that are complemented with numerical results which show that self-correcting memory can in principle be achieved in the limit of a nonzero density of identical defects.     

重复高压脉冲产生与成形一体化装置研制

介绍了脉冲变压器与分布参量形成线相结合的高功率脉冲产生与成形一体技术,简要阐述了采用该技术的高压脉冲发生器的基本设计思想。研制的脉冲变压器与形成线一体化装置利用变压器的同轴开环铁芯来充当分布电参量脉冲形成线的内外导体,将脉冲功率源中最重要的两个独立部件有机结合起来,实现了结构的紧凑性。高压脉冲发生器在重复频率100 Hz、变压器工作电压1.65 MV时能够稳定运行,输出脉冲电压760 kV,峰值功率23 GW,脉冲宽度大于40 ns。     

A deferred correction coupling strategy for low Mach number flow with complex chemistry

We present a new thermodynamic coupling strategy for complex reacting flow in a low Mach number framework. In such flows, the advection, diffusion and reaction processes span a broad range of time scales. In order to reduce splitting errors inherent in Strang splitting approaches, we couple the processes with a multi-implicit spectral deferred correction strategy. Our iterative scheme uses a series of relatively simple correction equations to reduce the error in the solution. The new method retains the efficiencies of Strang splitting compared to a traditional method-of-lines approach in that each process is discretised sequentially using a numerical method well suited for its particular time scale. We demonstrate that the overall scheme is second-order accurate and provides increased accuracy with less computational work compared to Strang splitting for terrestrial and astrophysical flames. The overall framework also sets the stage for higher-order coupling strategies.     

Quantum Secret Sharing with Error Correction

We investigate in this work a quantum error correction on a five-qubits graph state used for secret sharing through five noisy channels. We describe the procedure for the five, seven and nine qubits codes. It is known that the three codes always allow error recovery if only one among the sent qubits is disturbed in the transmitting channel. However, if two qubits and more are disturbed, then the correction will depend on the used code. We compare in this paper the three codes by computing the average fidelity between the sent secret and that measured by the receivers. We will treat the case where, at most, two qubits are affected in each one of five depolarizing channels.     

Quantum Secret Sharing with Error Correction

We investigate in this work a quantum error correction on a five-qubits graph state used for secret sharing through five noisy channels. We describe the procedure for the five, seven and nine qubits codes. It is known that the three codes always allow error recovery if only one among the sent qubits is disturbed in the transmitting channel. However, if two qubits and more are disturbed, then the correction will depend on the used code. We compare in this paper the three codes by computing the average fidelity between the sent secret and that measured by the receivers. We will treat the case where, at most, two qubits are affected in each one of five depolarizing channels.     

Heuristic a posteriori estimation of error due to dissipation in finite volume schemes and application to mesh adaptation

A heuristic method is proposed to estimate a posteriori that part of the total discretization error which is attributable to the smoothing effect of added dissipation, for finite volume discretizations of the Euler equations. This is achieved by observing variation in a functional of the solution as the level of dissipation is varied, and it is deduced for certain test-cases that the dissipation alone accounts for the majority of the functional error. Based on this result an error estimator and mesh adaptation indicator is proposed for functionals, relying on the solution of an adjoint problem. The scheme is considerably implementationally simpler and computationally cheaper than other recently proposed a posteriori error estimators for finite volume schemes, but does not account for all sources of error. In mind of this, emphasis is placed on numerical evaluation of the performance of the indicator, and it is shown to be extremely effective in both estimating and reducing error for a range of 2d and 3d flows.