初始啁啾对双曲正割光脉冲线性传输特性的影响

采用分步傅里叶方法数值研究了初始线性啁啾和非线性啁啾双曲正割光脉冲在单模光纤反常色散区的线性传输特性，并与啁啾高斯脉冲的线性传输特性作了比较.给出了双曲正割光脉冲频谱宽度和时间带宽积随初始线性啁啾变化的表达式.结果表明，双曲正割脉冲在线性啁啾|C|>0.1时随传输距离的增加逐渐演化成近高斯型，在0≤|C|≤0.1时最后将演化为近双曲正割脉冲.|C|越小，脉冲时域波形越趋近双曲正割曲线.负啁啾对脉冲时域展宽的影响比正啁啾要大得多.当|C|≥0.5时，初始啁啾对双曲正割光脉冲展宽的影响比对高斯脉冲的影响更大.非线性啁啾双曲正割光脉冲在线性传输过程中会出现时域波形分裂现象，比具有相同啁啾的高斯脉冲时域波形分裂严重. 关键词： 频率啁啾 双曲正割光脉冲 线性传输 时域波形分裂     

高强度飞秒激光脉冲在空气中的自压缩

利用高重复频率（1kHz）、吉瓦级飞秒激光脉冲实验验证了高强度飞秒脉冲在空气中的自 压缩现象，研究了入射脉冲在不同初始啁啾情况下经空气中聚焦成丝后，时域及频域特性随 入射脉冲能量的变化规律.实验结果表明，在无需后继色散补偿情况下，高强度飞秒脉冲仅 通过在空气中的非线性传输过程就可以实现脉冲压缩；在入射脉冲为负啁啾情况下，实验观 察到脉冲光谱及时域宽度同时得到压缩，并可获得比激光源所能提供的更短的近双曲正割型 变换限脉冲. 关键词： 高强度飞秒激光脉冲 自压缩 自聚焦     

宽带啁啾脉冲激光非线性传输过程中的时空微扰研究

基于非线性薛定谔方程推导出大啁啾脉冲的传输方程,利用微扰理论,分析了啁啾脉冲激光的时空不稳定性. 理论上比较清楚的阐述了宽带脉冲激光在大啁啾情况下,其时空噪声的相互影响与相互作用情况及脉冲啁啾对噪声微扰调制的影响,发现在相同γI₀(非线性系数与峰值强度乘积)的情况下脉冲啁啾对噪声调制的增长没有直接影响. 最后我们在实验上利用非线性介质对啁啾脉冲的空间小尺度自聚焦过程进行了部分验证,同时也在数值上对宽带啁啾脉冲的时间噪声调制的增长进行了模拟分析,发现实验结果和模拟分析结论 关键词： 时空不稳定性 宽带脉冲激光 啁啾     

负啁啾高强度飞秒脉冲在正常色散材料中传输特性研究

利用块状正常色散材料作非线性介质，实验研究了负啁啾强激光飞秒脉冲在正常色散材料的传输过程中，脉冲波形及频谱随入射脉冲能量的变化特性.实验发现，负啁啾脉冲经过材料后激光光谱在被整形和压缩的同时，脉冲宽度也被压缩.实验获得的压缩脉冲宽度短于相等光谱宽度下的双曲正割转换极限脉冲宽度.数值模拟结果显示，在实验条件下模拟结果具有同样的变化特性. 关键词： 飞秒脉冲 自压缩 负啁啾 自聚焦     

自由空间中超短啁啾洛仑兹脉冲光束的空间奇异性

给出了超短啁啾洛仑兹脉冲光束在自由空间中的传输方程，研究了啁啾对洛仑兹脉冲光束空间奇异性的影响．理论及数值模拟的结果表明，由于啁啾的作用，对于脉冲宽度大于一个光波振荡周期的洛仑兹脉冲光束同样存在空间奇异性．在初始位置，啁啾洛仑兹脉冲光束的空间奇异性出现在脉冲的前沿或后沿．当洛仑兹脉冲光束传输以后，啁啾洛仑兹脉冲光束的空间奇异性将更加强烈．     

高斯脉冲调制啁啾艾里脉冲

艾里脉冲尤其是啁啾艾里脉冲，由于其具有独特的性质，为此越来越受到人们的广泛关注和研究。但是由于啁啾艾里脉冲的复杂性，至今鲜有关于啁啾艾里脉冲的实验报道。鉴于此，在理论上通过对啁啾高斯脉冲进行调制可以得到啁啾艾里脉冲，并对调制机制及调制后脉冲的传输性质进行一定的研究。研究结果表明，调制后得到的类啁啾艾里脉冲与啁啾艾里脉冲基本相同，而且具有啁啾艾里脉冲的传输性质，这证明了通过对啁啾高斯脉冲进行调制得到啁啾艾里脉冲的可行性。     

飞秒激光脉冲压缩用啁啾镜新设计方法

对配对啁啾镜传统的优化过程进行了改进,并且尝试了新的多个啁啾镜匹配的方法。理论上实现了在700～1050 nm光谱范围内,两个啁啾镜配对色散总和振荡小于±10 fs2,三个啁啾镜配对色散总和振荡小于±15 fs2。此配对啁啾镜所实现的精确补偿色散,是获得极短光脉冲的基础,可以用于飞秒激光的脉冲压缩。     

啁啾堆积脉冲传输过程中的小尺度自聚焦效应

 研究了啁啾堆积脉冲的时间精细结构与子脉冲带宽、相位、啁啾量等因素的关系。结果表明:随着子脉冲带宽的微小变化,啁啾堆积脉冲的峰值功率为相同输出能力窄带脉冲功率的1.5~3.0倍;当子脉冲间存在着随机相位扰动时,啁啾堆积的峰值功率约为相同输出能力窄带脉冲功率的3倍。建立了啁啾堆积脉冲的时空非线性传输放大模型,模拟得到堆积脉冲传输过程中的非线性增长因子,并与相同能量的窄带脉冲进行了比较,揭示了啁啾堆积脉冲在高功率激光装置中的传输放大过程中出现的一些新现象以及可能导致的后果。     

能量啁啾电子束自由电子激光放大啁啾脉冲

 提出采用具有能量啁啾电子束的自由电子激光放大器放大啁啾脉冲,分析说明了它的工作机理和滑移现象对其的影响。采用研制的1维非定态程序GOFEL-P,对能量啁啾自由电子激光放大器放大啁啾脉冲的过程进行了数值模拟和分析,计算了不同啁啾参数的脉冲被放大后的腔外压缩情况。结果表明：与单能电子束时相比,能量啁啾自由电子激光可以放大具有更大啁啾参数的啁啾脉冲,使压缩后的脉冲峰值功率增大至568 GW,脉冲宽度缩短至2.29 fs,大幅增强自由电子激光放大啁啾脉冲以及腔外压缩脉冲的效果。     

脉冲啁啾对于阿秒脉冲的影响

采用单电子近似和软核势模型, 通过数值求解一维含时薛定谔方程, 理论研究了当脉冲分别带有正、负啁啾的情况下所产生的阿秒脉冲.分析了不同脉冲啁啾特性对阿秒脉冲的强度和宽度的影响. 研究结果表明, 无论是正啁啾还是负啁啾, 随着啁啾量的增加, 都将使激光脉冲由产生单个阿秒脉冲趋向于产生阿秒脉冲链. 正啁啾和负啁啾对于阿秒脉冲宽度的影响是不同的, 负啁啾对于阿秒脉冲宽度影响很小, 适当的负啁啾有利于缩小阿秒脉冲的宽度; 而正啁啾脉冲产生的阿秒脉冲较无啁啾时展宽, 且随着啁啾量的增加, 其阿秒脉冲宽度迅速增大.     

Influence of Initial Pulse Chirp on Rainbow-Like Supercontinuum Generation from Filamentation in Air

Supereontinuum （SC） generation from laser filamentation in air is found to depend strongly on the pulse duration. Rainbow-like SC generation is observed only for a pulse of appropriate negative chirp that agrees with the predictions put forward by Golubtsov et al. [Quantum Electron. 33 （2003） 525]. The conversion efficiency of an 800-nm laser light to rainbow-like SC is found to be the highest for 257fs pulses with an initial negative chirp. A larger chirp will lead to filamentation surviving at longer distance.     

Control and characterization of multiple circularly polarized femtosecond filaments in argon

We provide what is believed to be the first experimental evidence of spatial control on multiple filamentation (MF) using circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses. The exceptional shot-to-shot reproducibility of the MF pattern allowed complete characterization of the two copropagating high-energy filaments, revealing for the first time temporal (self-) compression of circularly polarized filamenting pulses to a fifth of the initial 57 fs laser pulse duration without any sophisticated chirp control. Compared with LP MF, an enhancement in spatial stability and an increase in energy throughput are reported for circular input polarization.     

不同能量下环形高斯强激光光束在空气中的非线性传输

以线性传输模型为对比研究了不同初始能量的环形光束在空气中的非线性传输。结果显示,在传输初始阶段,非线性克尔效应减弱了线性空间啁啾导致的聚焦作用。线性聚焦使能量向光轴方向流动导致强光强核心,在光轴附近生成类高斯脉冲结构,增强了非线性自聚焦效应,导致光强急剧增加形成光丝。环形光束的初始能量的大小能够影响自聚焦焦距、光丝长度和光强通量。自聚焦焦距随着初始脉冲能量的增加而减小,但自聚焦焦距与初始功率的开方不成反比（这点与高斯光束不同）。光丝长度随着初始脉冲能量的增加而增加。轴上光强通量随初始脉冲能量的增加而增加。     

Self-focusing of a focused femtosecond laser pulse in air

The regularities of self-focusing and filamentation of spatially focused ultra-short laser radiation in air are theoretically considered. The relationship between beam focusing sharpness and effective characteristics of the filamentation zone is investigated. The formation of ‘narrow’ and ‘wide’ light filaments compared to that of collimated radiation filamentation, upon high-power focused laser pulse propagation, is established.     

发散光束小尺度自聚焦特性的研究

研究了发散光束的小尺度自聚焦效应。从非线性傍轴波动方程出发,利用坐标变换,推导出发散光束小尺度扰动的传输方程,进而得到小尺度扰动增长的临界频率、最大增长频率和相应B积分值的变化规律。研究了发散光束初始曲率半径对小尺度自聚焦效应的影响。结果表明,对于一定的传输距离,随着发散光束初始曲率半径的减小,小尺度扰动的最大增长频率减小,相应的最大增益减小,即B积分值也减小。对于一定的初始曲率半径,随着传输距离的增大,B积分值增长变缓,并最终停止。利用局部能量守恒定律研究了发散光束的成丝距离,发现小的初始曲率半径可以延长成丝距离。     

Light filaments in air for ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths

The propagation of femtosecond UV laser pulses in air is numerically shown to form intense light filaments over several tenths of Rayleigh lengths. We compare UV filamentation with IR filamentation and show that the balance of the physical processes supporting the filaments is identical in both cases. For IR and UV wavelengths, it is shown that the intensity in the filament and the density of the electron plasma created by ionization of air molecules reach similar values as high as 10(14) W/cm(2) and 10(17) cm(-3). Spectral data exhibit a large broadening in the IR filament and a limited one for UV, which justifies the white-light generation associated with IR filamentation only.     

Multiple filamentation generated by focusing femtosecond laser with axicon

Multiple filamentation has been observed when focusing a femtosecond laser pulse into a methanol solution with an axicon. It is found that multiple long filaments are located on the central spot and ring structures of the quasi-Bessel beam created by the axicon. Since the quasi-Bessel profile is determined by the axicon properties, the axicon has been suggested as a simple optics to control multiple filaments.     

Self-transformation of a powerful femtosecond laser pulse into a white-light laser pulse in bulk optical media (or supercontinuum generation)

We present experimental and theoretical results on white-light generation in the filamentation of a high-power femtosecond laser pulse in water and atmospheric air. We have shown that the high spatio-temporal localization of the light field in the filament, which enables the supercontinuum generation, is sustained due to the dynamic transformation of the light field on the whole transverse scale of the beam, including its edges. We found that the sources of the supercontinuum blue wing are in the rings, surrounding the filament, as well as at the back of the pulse, where shock-wave formation enhanced by self-steepening takes place. We report on the first observation and demonstration of the interference of the supercontinuum spectral components arising in the course of multiple filamentation in a terawatt laser pulse. We demonstrate that the conversion efficiency of an initially narrow laser pulse spectrum into the supercontinuum depends on the length of the filament with high intensity gradients and can be increased by introducing an initial chirp. PACS 42.65.Jx; 42.65.Re; 42.25.Bs; 42.50.Hz     

Saturation of the filament density of ultrashort intense laser pulses in air

We experimentally and numerically characterize multiple filamentation of laser pulses with incident intensities of a few TW/cm². Propagating 100 TW laser pulses over 42 m in air, we observe a new propagation regime where the filament density saturates. As also evidenced by numerical simulations in the same intensity range, the total number of filaments is governed by geometric constraints and mutual interactions among filaments rather than by the available power in the beam.     

Propagation of fs TW laser filaments in adverse atmospheric conditions

The propagation of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses at reduced pressure (0.7 atm) is investigated experimentally. In such conditions, the non-linear refractive index n ₂ is reduced by 30%, resulting in a slightly farther filamentation onset and a reduction of the filament number. However, the filamentation process, especially the filament length, is not qualitatively affected. We also show that drizzle does not prevent the filaments from forming and propagating.