模型化研究药物小分子阻滞细胞周期

基于扩散动力学与细胞信号传导动力学，研究药物小分子对细胞周期的阻滞特性.理论模型考虑药物小分子穿越细胞膜输运的动力学特性，以及进入细胞内的药物分子对细胞周期的阻滞效应.研究发现，穿越细胞膜内层进入细胞内的药物分子，将会在很大程度上决定药物分子对相关的靶向基因、蛋白的阻滞功效.细胞膜对药物分子的输运特性，是影响药物分子阻滞细胞周期的关键因素.另外，药物分子的降解程度，将会改变药物分子与靶向基因、蛋白作用时间，进而改变对相关细胞生长增殖的抑制效应.通过对模型中各参数的敏感度分析，我们确认了药物分子穿越细胞膜、进入细胞内过程的多种因素对细胞周期的抑制效应.本文理论结果符合模拟、实验观测，进一步深刻揭示了药物小分子阻滞细胞周期的物理机制，可为设计确切的疗法药物提供必要的参考和新方案.     

加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-原子荧光法同时测定动物源性食品中阿散酸、硝苯砷酸与洛克沙砷的残留量

研究建立了加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-原子荧光(ASE-LC-AFS)测定动物源性食品中阿散酸(ASA)、硝苯砷酸(NIT)与洛克沙砷(ROX)的残留量的方法。比较了超声离心提取和加速溶剂萃取技术,并优化了加速溶剂萃取技术的提取溶剂比例、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数。优化了液相色谱流动相和原子荧光的工作条件。在0～2.0 mg·L-1范围内内阿散酸、硝苯砷酸和洛克沙砷的线性关系良好,线性相关系数大于0.999,阿散酸、硝苯砷酸、洛克沙砷检出限(S/N=3)分别为2.4,7.4,4.1 μg·L-1。2种样品在0.5,2,5 mg·kg-13个加标水平下的平均回收率为阿散酸87.1%～93.2%, 硝苯砷酸85.2%～93.9%, 洛克沙砷84.2%～93.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.3%～4.6%,1.2%～4.2%,1.1%～4.5%。本方法操作简便,重现性好,适用于动物源性食品中ASA,NIT和ROX的分析。     

用感应耦合等离子体发射光谱研究单细胞动物内含稀土元素量及其生长关系

1.建立用感应耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)研究细胞内痕量元素量及其细胞生长关系的一套方法。2.从细胞样品中可以数出细胞的数量,根据所测得的细胞中所含的稀土总量,就可以算出每单个细胞内含的稀土量。3.以单克隆无菌培养的单细胞动物“四膜虫”为材料。根据实验,我们得知,培养液中稀土量越多,细胞内的稀土量相应也多。如果稀土在培养液中的量超过16.81ppm(即:6.95×10~(-5)ppm/单个细胞)则细胞在三天之后死亡;如果稀土量超过58.14ppm(即:15.54×10~(-5)ppm/单个细胞)则细胞在半小时之后死亡。4.用ICP,详细地研究了细胞对稀土的代谢过程。     

活细胞中的化学物理-光学观测和控制细胞内信号转导（英文）

在活细胞拥挤的微环境中生物大分子之间存在着不间断的物理和化学相互作用.细胞功能直接取决于其内部的分子组成和分子间相互作用.不仅不同种细胞之间的化学和物理性质千差万别,同一细胞内的物理特性也会受环境影响不断产生动态变化.而这种动态变化的化物特性对于细胞适应环境的改变至关重要.通常环境的改变会引起细胞产生不同响应,比如改变其基因的转录和翻译.是否形成正确的细胞响应取决于细胞对外部环境信息的准确解读.而这种解读通常是通过细胞内信号转导途径来实现.一个化学或物理的信号会通过刺激一系列细胞内的生化反应将外部环境的信息准确地传递到细胞内部.由于信号传导过程经常需要穿跨各亚细胞空间的复杂路径,所以细胞内信号转导的实际功用就是一座连接外部环境与细胞内部的桥梁.了解信号分子在细胞微环境中的化物状态将有助于阐释细胞功能.当今实验和理论工具的发展已使得在活细胞这样的微环境中探索纷繁的分子化物性质成为可能.本文总结如何利用新兴的光学显微镜和光遗传技术去观测甚至控制生物信号在细胞内的传导过程.确信这些技术已经为精确控制生物体中分子的化学和物理性质提供了前所未有的机遇.希望本文可以为有兴趣研究生物和医学问题的化学物理研究人员抛砖引玉.     

X射线照射Hep-2细胞对其培养基吸收光谱的影响

采用分光光度计分别测量了受不同剂量X射线照射后继续培养48h时的人上皮样喉癌细胞株Hep-2的培养基RPMI1640的紫外吸收光谱,分析了该培养基中蛋白质的紫外吸收特性.结果发现:各组培养基的吸收光谱存在明显的差别,新鲜培养基RPMI1640(10%胎牛血清)233nm处的吸收峰在细胞生长过程中位移至235nm,275nm处的吸收峰位移至278nm.反映出各组培养基中芳香族氨基酸中各种氨基酸如色氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸的含量的变化,说明癌细胞在生长过程中对这几种氨基酸的改变不是按等量比的.实验还发现细胞培养基的吸收光谱强度与各剂量组细胞数基本成正相关,进而与细胞所受X射线照射的剂量有内在的联系.这些结果将为利用光谱技术研究人喉癌最佳X射线放射剂量奠定基础.     

单粒子束装置

 目前,低能离子与生物体的相互作用已成为国内外研究的热点问题之一,利用离子束对细胞加工,即对细胞进行超微加工和手术,以便有目的地在细胞内切割和拼接基因是其关键技术,但是国内现有加速器对细胞的“加工”定位精度还不够高。如果将离子聚焦到微米量级甚至更小,控制离子的射程,瞄准特定的部位,即可在细胞内做手术,对细胞核和其他细胞器进行微细加工。     

HPLC-ICP-MS联用技术研究甲醇对砷形态分析结果的影响

砷是一种有毒并致癌的化学元素，普遍存在于各种环境介质和生物体中。研究表明，砷对生物体的毒性不仅与砷的浓度，还和其存在形态密切相关。因此，对砷的不同形态进行分析具有重要意义。以往的研究表明，甲醇被广泛用作固体样品砷形态分析的提取剂，一定量的甲醇可以提高ICP-MS测总砷的信号强度。但是，关于甲醇对砷形态分析结果的影响研究尚未见报道。应用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)建立同时测定AsC，AsB，As(Ⅲ)，DMA，MMA和As(Ⅴ)等六种砷形态的优化方法。HPLC采用阴离子交换柱，30 mmol·L-1 (NH₄)₂CO₃(pH=9.3)作为流动相。选择DRC模式，以O₂为反应气体，监测91AsO+作为检测信号。方法学验证表明，六种砷形态的线性相关系数都大于0.998 9。采用不同浓度的甲醇(0～100%)作为砷形态定容溶液，发现随着甲醇浓度的增加，As(Ⅲ)和DMA的峰面积显著增加。选取对砷形态结果影响最小的25%甲醇-水作为定容溶液时，其对不同浓度的砷均有一定的影响，并且对As(Ⅲ)和DMA影响最大。因此，在今后的研究中，甲醇的去除起着重要的作用。     

K+离子通道及其研究进展

 细胞是通过细胞膜与外界隔离的,在细胞膜上有很多离子通道,细胞通过这些通道与外界进行离子交换。离子通道在许多细胞活动中都起关键作用,它是生物电活动的基础,在细胞内和细胞间信号传递中起着重要作用。离子通道通过调控细胞内pH值和离子浓度来维持正常的细胞体积及细胞内生物分子活性所需的离子浓度范围。特别是通过改变作为第二信使的钙离子浓度,来调控各种生化过程。生命的很多过程如发育、生长、分泌、兴奋、运动,甚至于学习和记忆都与离子通道功能的正常发挥有直接联系。目前,离子通道的研究已成为分子生物学、分子药理学、生物物理学、神经生物学等多种学科的热点。     

细胞培养基的吸收光谱研究

使用日本岛津UV 310 1分光光度计分别测量培养了宫颈癌细胞 (Hela)和鼻咽癌细胞 (CNE)的RP MI 16 4 0培养基和DMEM高糖培养基的紫外吸收光谱 ,分析了培养基中蛋白质的紫外吸收特性。RPMI16 4 0培养基的 2 2 7nm吸收峰在培养细胞生长过程中位移至 2 2 2或 2 18nm ,2 78nm的吸收峰位移至 2 80nm ;而DMEM高糖培养基 2 2 4nm吸收峰在培养细胞生长过程中位移至 2 2 1nm附近 ,2 78nm吸收峰基本没有位移。这些位移说明培养基中芳香族氨基酸中各种氨基酸如色氨酸和酪氨酸的含量有变化。也就是说 ,癌细胞在生长过程中对色氨酸和酪氨酸的消耗不是按等量比的。实验也说明Hela和CNE在生长过程中 ,对RPMI 16 4 0培养基和DMEM高糖培养基中氨基酸的消耗是不同的。实验结果为癌细胞生长过程中所需培养基中氨基酸的含量提供了依据     

交联淀粉微球酶降解过程的FTIR和XRD分析

以可溶性淀粉为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用反相悬浮聚合得到了一种交联淀粉微球(CSM)。为了深入了解交联淀粉微球(CSM)的降解过程,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD) 等光谱分析手段,对可溶性淀粉、CSM及其CSM在模拟肠液中不同时间的降解产物进行了分析。FTIR和SEM的研究结果表明, CSM在消化液中3 h内可稳定维持其交联结构,降解后3和12 h之间1 090 cm-1处的C—O—C弯曲振动峰减弱,酰胺的Ⅰ带吸收峰和Ⅱ带吸收峰强度的减弱说明了淀粉分子链被降解, 交联结构开始解聚,12 h后酰胺的Ⅰ带吸收峰和Ⅱ带吸收峰完全消失,说明交联结构已完全被除去;XRD结果表明,CSM在消化液中降解12 h后的情况与可溶性淀粉的降解情况相似,非结晶性部分被分解,结晶度随降解过程的进行而提高,但是仍然小于可溶性淀粉的结晶度。     

离子色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定含金尾矿中砷

研究了离子色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光(IC-HG-AFS)联用测定金矿尾矿淋滤液中各种价态砷的方法。以(NH₄)₂HPO₄溶液(pH 6.00)为流动相,阴离子分离柱分离,原子荧光进行检测,As(Ⅲ)加标回收率在97%～107%、As(Ⅴ)在95%～109%之间,相对标准偏差小于4%。从测试结果和色谱分离图可以看出,该方法能够使As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),MMA和DMA等四种形态的砷完全分离。检出限可达到As(Ⅲ)1.0 μg·L-1,As(Ⅴ)2.3 μg·L-1。该方法适用于金矿石、尾矿石淋出液及金矿周遍环境水体中不同价态砷和总砷的定性和定量测定。     

流动注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中有效态As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)

提出了一种流动注射氢化物发生 原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中有效态As(Ⅲ )和As(Ⅴ )的方法。在0 1mol·L-1柠檬酸介质 (pH =3 1)中选择性测定As(Ⅲ ) ,然后用L 半胱氨酸流动注射在线还原As(Ⅴ )后测定总砷 ,由二者之差求得As(Ⅴ )。设计了在线还原及氢化物发生流路和操作程序 ,选择了各项化学条件和流路参数。As(Ⅲ )和As(Ⅴ )的检出限 (3σ)分别为 0 11和 0 0 7ng·mL-1。对于 10ng·mL-1As(Ⅲ )溶液 ,连续7次测定得精密度 (RSD)为 1 43% ,应用于实际土壤样品的测定 ,加标回收率在 82 %～ 10 4%之间     

Beam‐induced redox transformation of arsenic during As K‐edge XAS measurements: availability of reducing or oxidizing agents and As speciation

During X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of arsenic (As), beam‐induced redox transformation is often observed. In this study, the As species immobilized by poorly crystallized mackinawite (FeS) was assessed for the susceptibility to beam‐induced redox reactions as a function of sample properties including the redox state of FeS and the solid‐phase As speciation. The beam‐induced oxidation of reduced As species was found to be mediated by the atmospheric O₂ and the oxidation products of FeS [e.g. Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides and intermediate sulfurs]. Regardless of the redox state of FeS, both arsenic sulfide and surface‐complexed As(III) readily underwent the photo‐oxidation upon exposure to the atmospheric O₂ during XAS measurements. With strict O₂ exclusion, however, both As(0) and arsenic sulfide were less prone to the photo‐oxidation by Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides than NaAsO₂ and/or surface‐complexed As(III). In case of unaerated As(V)‐reacted FeS samples, surface‐complexed As(V) was photocatalytically reduced during XAS measurements, but arsenic sulfide did not undergo the photo‐reduction.     

氢化物发生-双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定中药中不同形态的砷和锑

建立了一种氢化物发生-双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定中药中As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)的方法。对实验条件进行了优化,在最佳工作条件下,砷和锑的检出限分别为0.090 3和0.057 8 μg·L-1,RSD分别为2.01%和1.39%。将本法成功应用于中药样品的形态分析,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的回收率分别为90.8%～98.2%和89.2%～102.0%,Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)的回收率分别为89.7%～102.0% 和90.3%～110.0%。     

Batch study of arsenate (V) adsorption using Akadama mud: Effect of water mineralization

Akadama mud, consisting mainly of different forms of iron and aluminum oxide minerals, was used for arsenate (V) adsorption from aqueous solutions. The adsorption process fitted the first-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir monolayer model well. The adsorption capacity, estimated by the Langmuir isotherm model, was 5.30 mg/g at 20 ± 0.5 °C. The effects of the solution properties (initial concentration of As (V), pH, temperature, and mineralization degree) on As (V) removal were investigated. Various mineralization degrees in underground water were simulated by adjusting the ionic strength of the solution or adding coexisting ions to the contaminated solution. It was found that mineralization of the water significantly influenced the arsenic adsorption. The existence of multivalent metallic cations significantly enhanced the As (V) adsorption ability, whereas competing anions such as fluoride and phosphate greatly decreased the As (V) adsorption. This result suggests that Akadama mud is more suitable for arsenic adsorption in low-level phosphate and fluoride solutions. The loaded Akadama mud could be desorbed at polar pH conditions, especially in acidic conditions, and more than 65% As (V) sorption has been achieved at pH 1.     

Determination of As (III) and As(V) in sea water by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

The present paper reports a method based on intermittent flow injection (FI) hydride generation (HG) combined with atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) detection for the determination of As in sea water. Experimental conditions for FI-HG were optimized. 5.0% hydrochloric acid-0.1 mol x L(-1) citric acid solution was selected as the carrier flow as well as the sample medium, and 2% KBH4-0. 5% KOH was used as the reductant. An argon gas flow was used for carrying the generated arsine to the Ar-H2 flame for atomization. Organic species of arsenic cannot be generated arsine under the selected conditions. The real sea water samples collected at Zhanqiao seashore in Qingdao and more than 30 other areas were analyzed under optimized working conditions, and experiments verified that the determination of As(III) and As(V) could approximately assess the As pollution for marine water while organic arsenic in natural sea water was so slight that could be neglected in case large amount of samples should be analyzed.     

Theoretical studies of arsenite adsorption and its oxidation mechanism on a perfect TiO2 anatase (1 0 1) surface

There are many areas in the world where the ground water has been contaminated by arsenic. TiO₂ is one of the most promising materials that can remove arsenic from groundwater supplies by the adsorption-based processes. The TiO₂ surface is capable of photo-catalytic oxidation (PCO) changing the arsenite [As(III)] to arsenate [As(V)] which is more easily absorbed by the surface, increasing the efficiency of the process. In this paper, a density functional theory calculation has been performed to investigate the adsorption of As(III) on a perfect TiO₂ anatase (1 0 1) surface. All the As(III) solution species such as H₃AsO₃, H₂AsO₃⁻, HAsO₃²⁻ and AsO₃³⁻ are put onto the surface with many different possible attitudes to obtain the adsorption energy. Based on the adsorption energy and the concentration of H₃AsO₃, H₂AsO₃⁻, HAsO₃²⁻ and AsO₃³⁻ in an aqueous solution, the bidentate binuclear (BB) adsorption configurations of H₂AsO₃⁻ on the surface are more favorable at low As(III) concentrations, whereas BB form and monodentate mononuclear (MM) form may coexist at higher concentrations. By calculating H₂AsO₃⁻ co-adsorption with water and oxygen, we can confirm the deep acceptor character of an adsorbed O₂ molecule which implies that surface superoxide (or hydroperoxyl radical) plays an important role during the PCO process of As(III) on TiO₂ surface.     

HPLC-ICP-MS研究炮制对中药砷形态的影响

应用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联机技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)建立了中药中AsⅢ,AsⅤ,MMA和DMA等四种砷形态的同时测定方法,用该方法对黄芪、大黄、黄芩、何首乌、地黄等五种中药炮制前后砷形态的变化进行了比较研究,并对一个总砷超标的冬虫夏草样品进行了砷形态的分析.方法学验证表明:四种砷形态的线性相关系数(...     

Application of synchrotron‐radiation‐induced TXRF‐XANES for arsenic speciation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) xylem sap

Synchrotron‐radiation‐induced total reflection x‐ray fluorescence (SR‐TXRF) analysis was used for x‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements for the speciation of arsenic in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) xylem sap. The objective of the presented work was to exploit the advantages of the TXRF geometry for XANES analysis. Measurements were accomplished at the bending magnet beamline L of HASYLAB, Hamburg, Germany, using a Si(111) double crystal monochromator and a silicon drift detector (SDD). Experiments were performed by growing cucumber plants in hydroponics containing arsenite [As(III)] or arsenate [As(V)] in order to identify the arsenic species of the collected xylem saps by K‐edge SR‐TXRF XANES. Cucumber xylem saps, as well as nutrient solutions containing arsenic in the two above‐mentioned species, were analyzed and compared with arsenate and arsenite standard solutions. Arsenic speciation in xylem sap down to 30 ng/ml (30 ppb) was achieved, and no alteration of the oxidation state was observed during the measurements. Analysis of xylem saps showed that As(V) taken up from the nutrient solution was reduced to As(III). As(III) contained in the nutrient solutions was found to be partially oxidized to As(V). These results confirmed the preliminary measurements obtained with flow injection analysis (FIA) and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC‐HR‐ICP‐MS) and showed the competitive capability of SR‐TXRF XANES analysis for this application. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanostructure hydrous iron–titanium binary mixed oxide for arsenic sorption

Synthesis of nanostructure hydrous iron–titanium binary mixed oxide (NHITBMO) had been reported by a simple method, and characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM), Föurier Transform Infrared (FTIR), surface area, and zero surface charge pH (pHzpc). The synthetic oxide was hydrated and microcrystalline with 77.8 m² g^?1 BET surface area. The particle size (nm) calculated using XRD peak table and TEM image was ~10–13 and 6–8, respectively. The pH_zpc value was 6.0 (±0.05) for the oxide. The NHITBMO showed pH dependent good sorption affinity for arsenic from the aqueous solution and, the Langmuir monolayer capacity (mg g^?1) was 80.0 and 14.6, respectively, for the As(III) and As(V). The pseudo-second order equation described the room temperature arsenic sorption kinetic data well. The minimum dose required was 1.6 g NHITBMO per L of water (As_total = 0.24 mg L^?1) to reduce the arsenic level below 0.01 mg L^?1 in batch treatment process.