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1.
Li-ion rechargeable batteries based on polymer electrolytes are of great interest for solid state electrochemical devices
nowadays. Many studies have been carried out to improve the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes, which include polymer
blending, incorporating plasticizers and filler additives in the electrolyte systems. This paper describes the effects of
incorporating nano-sized MnO2 filler on the ionic conductivity enhancement of a plasticized polymer blend PMMA–PEO–LiClO4–EC electrolyte system. The maximum conductivity achieved is within the range of 10−3 S cm−1 by optimizing the composition of the polymers, salts, plasticizer, and filler. The temperature dependence of the polymer
conductivity obeys the VTF relationship. DSC and XRD studies are carried out to clarify the complex formation between the
polymers, salts, and plasticizer. 相似文献
2.
Dillip K. Pradhan B. K. Samantaray R. N. P. Choudhary N. K. Karan Reji Thomas R. S. Katiyar 《Ionics》2011,17(2):127-134
The solid polymer electrolyte films based on polyethylene oxide, NaClO4 with dodecyl amine modified montmorillonite as filler, and polyethylene glycol as plasticizer were prepared by a tape casting
method. The effect of plasticization on structural, microstructural, and electrical properties of the materials has been investigated.
A systematic change in the structural and microstructural properties of plasticized polymer nanocomposite electrolytes (PPNCEs)
on addition of plasticizer was observed in our X-ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy micrographs. Complex
impedance analysis technique was used to calculate the electrical properties of the nanocomposites. Addition of plasticizer
has resulted in the lowering of the glass transition temperature, effective dissociation of the salt, and enhancement in the
electrical conductivity. The maximum value of conductivity obtained was ∼4.4 × 10−6 S cm−1 (on addition of ∼20% plasticizer), which is an order of magnitude higher than that of pure polymer nanocomposite electrolyte
films (2.82 × 10−7 S cm−1). The enhancement in conductivity on plasticization was well correlated with the change in other physical properties. 相似文献
3.
Alkaline solid polymer electrolyte films have been prepared by the solvent-casting method. Gamma radiation treatment and propylene
carbonate plastisizer were used to improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes at ambient temperature. The structure
of the irradiated electrolytes changes from semi-crystalline to amorphous, indicating that the crosslinking of the polymer
has been achieved at a dose of 200 kGy. The ionic conductivity at room temperature of PVA/KOH blend increases from 10−7 to 10−3 Scm−1 after the PVA crosslinking and when the plasticizer concentration was increased from 20 to 30%.
Paper presented at the International Conference on Functional Materials and Devices 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 6 –
8, 2005. 相似文献
4.
FTIR spectroscopic analysis has been carried out for liquid electrolytes containing lithium —(trifluormethanesulfonimide or
imide) salt as the ion source, a binary solvent composed of γBL and DMF and gel electrolytes containing PMMA. These studies
illustrate that for all electrolytes, the cation (Li+) — solvent interaction is predominant and occurs through the carbonyl oxygen and the electron rich nitrogen atom of the solvating
medium i.e., the binary solvent. Ionic conductivity trends upon varying lithium imide concentration, exhibit a single maximum
in both liquid and gel polymeric electrolytes. The conductivity at 25 °C (σ25) decline at high salt concentrations attributable to ion aggregation or cation-anion association, has been explained on the
basis of detailed spectral analysis. Addition of PMMA as a gelatinizing agent to liquid electrolytes does not affect the conduction
mechanism drastically, which is evident from conductivity measurements and is supplemented by spectral studies. 相似文献
5.
The plasticized polymer electrolyte composed of polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as host polymer,
the mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate as plasticizer, and LiCF3SO3 as a salt was studied. The effect of the PVC-to-PVdF blend ratio with the fixed plasticizer and salt content on the ionic
conduction was investigated. The electrolyte films reveal a phase-separated morphology due to immiscibility of the PVC with
plasticizer. Among the three blend ratios studied, 3:7 PVC–PVdF blend ratio has shown enhanced ionic conductivity of 1.47 × 10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature, i.e., the ionic conductivity decreased with increasing PVC-to-PVdF ratio and increased with increasing
temperature. A temperature dependency on ionic conductivity obeys the Arrhenius behavior. The melting endotherms corresponding
to vinylidene (VdF) crystalline phases are observed in thermal analysis. Thermal study reveals the different levels of uptake
of plasticizer by VdF crystallites. The decrease in amorphousity with increase in PVC in X-ray diffraction studies and larger
pore size appearance for higher content of PVC in scanning electron microscopy images support the ionic conductivity variations
with increase in blend ratios. 相似文献
6.
Batteries using ionically conducting polymer membranes as electrolytes are very attractive, since the concept of power sources
capable of combining a high energy content with plasticity is very appealing for the consumer electronics market and in electric
vehicle applications. Blend based polymer electrolytes composed of poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), Poly Vinylidene fluoride
(PVdF), Lithium salt (LiX) (X=ClO4, BF4 and CF3SO3) and Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) are prepared using solvent casting technique. The films have been characterized using XRD,
FTIR, Thermal and SEM studies; the effect of complexing salt and temperature on ionic conductivity is also discussed. The
maximum conductivity value obtained for the solid polymer electrolyte film at 303 K is 4.2 × 10−3 S/cm. 相似文献
7.
The effect of plasticizer and TiO2 nanoparticles on the conductivity, chemical interaction and surface morphology of polymer electrolyte of MG49–EC–LiClO4–TiO2 has been investigated. The electrolyte films were successfully prepared by solution casting technique. The ceramic filler,
TiO2, was synthesized in situ by sol-gel process and was added into the MG49–EC–LiClO4 electrolyte system. Alternating current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to investigate the ionic conductivity
of the electrolyte films at 25 °C, and the analysis showed that the addition of TiO2 filler and ethylene carbonate (EC) plasticizer has increased the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte up to its optimum
level. The highest conductivity of 1.1 × 10−3 Scm−1 was obtained at 30 wt.% of EC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement was employed to study the interactions
between lithium ions and oxygen atoms that occurred at carbonyl (C=O) and ether (C-O-C) groups. The scanning electron microscopy
micrograph shows that the electrolyte with 30 wt.% EC posses the smoothest surface for which the highest conductivity was
obtained. 相似文献
8.
Polymer electrolyte membranes, comprising of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) as salt and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as plasticizer were prepared using a solution casting method. The incorporation of DBP
enhanced the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte containing 70 wt.% of poly(methyl methacrylate)–lithium
tetraborate and 30 wt.% of DBP presents the highest ionic conductivity of 1.58 × 10−7 S/cm. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity study showed that these polymer electrolytes obey Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher
(VTF) type behaviour. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to analyse the thermal stability of the polymer electrolytes.
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed the complexation between poly(methyl methacrylate), lithium tetraborate
and DBP. 相似文献
9.
An attempt has been made in the present work to combine gel and composite polymer electrolyte routes together to form a composite
polymeric gel electrolyte that is expected to possess high ionic conductivity with good mechanical integrity. Polyethylene
glycol (PEG) based composite gel electrolytes using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as guest polymer have been synthesized with 1
molar solution of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and electrically characterized. The ionic conductivity measurements indicate that PEG:PVA:NH4SCN-based composite gel electrolytes are superior (σ
max = 5.7 × 10−2 S cm−1) to pristine electrolytes (PEG:NH4SCN system) and conductivity variation with filler concentration remains within an order of magnitude. The observed conductivity
maxima have been correlated to PEG:PVA:NH4SCN-and PVA:NH4SCN-type complexes. Temperature dependence of conductivity profiles exhibits Arrhenius behaviour in low temperature regime
followed by VTF character at higher temperature.
相似文献
10.
The gel polymer electrolytes composed of the blend of polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as host polymers,
the mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) as a plasticizer, and LiClO4 as a salt was studied. An attempt was made to investigate the effect of PVdF in the plasticized PVC + LiClO4 system in three blend ratios. The differential scanning calorimetry study confirms the formation of polymer–salt complex
and miscibility of the PVC and PVdF. The X-ray diffraction results of plasticized PVC (S1, S2, S3) and PVdF-blended films
(S4, S5, S6) were compared, in that an increase in PVC concentration decreases the degree of crystallinity for S1 and S3,
respectively, but drastically increases for PVC (S2). The increase in PVC content has not accounted in the conductivity studies
also noted. However, the blending effect of PVdF showed decreases in crystallinity homogeneously for (S6 > S5 > S4), which
were reflected in ionic conductivity measurements. The surface morphology of the films were also studied by scanning electron
microscope, and it corroborates the same.
Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Ionic Devices (ICID 2006), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Dec. 7–9, 2006. 相似文献
11.
A new proton-conductive membrane (PCM) based on poly (vinyl alcohol) and ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 complexed with sulfuric acid and plasticized with ethylene carbonate (EC) at different weight percent were prepared by casting
technique. The structural properties of these electrolyte films were examined by XRD studies. The XRD patterns of all the
prepared polymer electrolytes reveal the amorphous nature of the films. ac conductivity and dielectric spectra of the electrolyte
were studied with changing EC content from weight 0.00 to 0.75 g. A maximum conductivity of 7.3 × 10−5 S cm−1 has been achieved at ambient temperature for PCM containing 0.25 g of ethylene carbonate. The electrical conductivity σ, dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss ε″ of PCM in frequency range (100 Hz to 100 KHz), and temperature range (300–400 K) were carried out. Measurement of transference
number was carried out to investigate the nature of charge transport in these polymer electrolyte films using Wagner’s polarization
technique. Transport number data showed that the charge transport in these polymer electrolyte systems was predominantly due
to ions. The electrolyte with the highest electrical conductivity was used in the fabrication of a solid-state electrochemical
cell with the configuration (Mg/PCM/PbO2). Various cell parameters ldensity, and current density were determined. The fabricated cells gave capacity of 650 μAh and
have an internal resistance of 11.6 kΩ. 相似文献
12.
The effect of different plasticizers on the properties of PEO-NH4F polymer electrolytes has been studied. Aprotic organic solvents like propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC),
γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF), diethylcarbonate (DEC) and dimethylcarbonate (DMC)
having different values of donor number, dielectric constant, viscosity etc. have been used as plasticizers in the present
study. The addition of plasticizer has been found to modify the conductivity of polymer electrolytes by increasing the amorphous
content as well as by dissociating the ion aggregates present in polymer electrolytes at higher salt concentrations. The conductivity
enhancement with different plasticizers has been found to be closely related to the donor number of the plasticizer used rather
than its dielectric constant. The increase in conductivity with the addition of plasticizer has further been found to be dependent
upon the level of ion association present in the electrolytes. The variation of conductivity as a function of plasticizer
concentration and temperature has also been studied and maximum conductivity of ∼ 10−3 S /cm at room temperature has been obtained. X-ray diffraction studies show an increase of amorphous content in polymer electrolytes
with the addition of plasticizers. 相似文献
13.
Poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene), lithium perchlorate salt, and the different plasticizer-based
gel polymer electrolytes were prepared by solvent-casting technique. The structural and the complex formation have been confirmed
by X-ray diffraction spectroscopic analysis. Thermal stability of the different plasticizer-added electrolyte films has been
analyzed by means of thermogravimetric analysis. Ionic conductivity of the electrolyte samples has been found as a function
of temperature and the plasticizers. Among the various plasticizers, ethylene carbonate-based complexes exhibit maximum ionic
conductivity value of the order of 10−4 Scm−1. Finally, the microstructure of the maximum ionic conductivity sample has been depicted with the help of scanning electron
microscope analysis. 相似文献
14.
Non-aqueous polymer gel electrolytes containing trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HCF3SO3) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the gelling polymer has been studied. The increase in conductivity observed with the addition
of PEO to liquid electrolytes has been explained to be due to the breaking of ion aggregates present in electrolytes at higher
acid concentrations. The increase in free H+ ion concentration upon breaking of ion aggregates has also been observed in pH measurements and viscosity of gel electrolytes
has been found to increase with PEO addition. Polymer gel electrolytes containing dimethylacetamide (DMA) have σ ∼ 10−2 S/cm at room temperature and are stable over −50 to 125 °C range of temperature. Gels based on propylene carbonate (PC) and
ethylene carbonate (EC) are stable in the −50 to 40 °C temperature range and loose their gelling nature above 40 °C. 相似文献
15.
Non-aqueous polymer gel electrolytes containing trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HCF3SO3) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the gelling polymer has been studied. The increase in conductivity observed with the addition
of PEO to liquid electrolytes has been explained to be due to the breaking of ion aggregates present in electrolytes at higher
acid concentrations. The increase in free H+ ion concentration upon breaking of ion aggregates has also been observed in pH measurements and viscosity of gel electrolytes
has been found to increase with PEO addition. Polymer gel electrolytes containing dimethylacetamide (DMA) have σ ∼ 10−2 S/cm at room temperature and are stable over −50 to 125 °C range of temperature. Gels based on propylene carbonate (PC) and
ethylene carbonate (EC) are stable in the −50 to 40 °C temperature range and loose their gelling nature above 40 °C. 相似文献
16.
Hellar Nithya S. Selvasekarapandian P. Christopher Selvin Dorai Arun Kumar Muthusamy Hema 《Ionics》2011,17(7):587-593
The plasticized polymer electrolyte consisting of poly(epichlorohydrin-ethyleneoxide) [P(ECH-EO)], lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) and γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL) have been prepared by simple solution casting technique. The polymer–salt–plasticizer complex
has been confirmed by XRD analysis. The ionic conductivity studies have been carried out using AC impedance technique. The
effect of plasticizer (γ-BL) on ionic conductivity has been discussed with respect to different temperatures. The maximum
value of ionic conductivity is found to be 1.3 × 10−4 Scm−1 for 70P(ECH-EO):15γ-BL:15LiClO4 at 303 K. The temperature dependence of the plasticized polymer electrolyte follows the Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher formalism. The
activation energy is found to decrease with the increase in plasticizer. 相似文献
17.
Biosourced carboxymethyl cellulose polymer electrolytes have been studied for potential application in electrochemical devices. The carboxymethyl cellulose was obtained by reacting cellulose derived from kenaf fibre with monochloroacetic acid. Films of the biosourced polymer electrolytes were prepared by solution-casting technique using ammonium acetate salt and (1-butyl)trimethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid as charge carrier contributor and plasticizer, respectively. The shift of peak of carboxyl stretching in the Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the interactions between the host biosourced polymer with the ionic liquid. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the incorporation of ionic liquid changed the morphology of the electrolyte films. The room temperature conductivity determined using impedance spectroscopic technique for the film without ionic liquid was 6.31 × 10?4 S cm?1 while the highest conductivity of 2.18 × 10?3 S cm?1 was achieved by the film integrated with 20 wt% (1-butyl)trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide. This proved that the incorporation of ionic liquid into the salted system improved the conductivity. The improvement in conductivity was due to an increase in ion mobility. The results of linear sweep voltammetry showed that the electrolyte was electrochemically stable up to 3.07 V. 相似文献
18.
Solid polymer electrolyte films based on poly (ethylene oxide) PEO complexed with NaClO3 have been prepared by a solution-cast technique. The solvation of Na+ ion with PEO is confirmed by XRD and IR studies. Measurements of the a.c. conductivity in the temperature range 308 – 378
K and the transference numbers have been carried out to investigate the charge transport in this polymer electrolyte system.
Transport number data show that the charge transport in this polymer electrolyte system is predominantly due to ions. The
highest conductivity (2.12.10−4 S/cm) has been observed for the 70:30 composition. Using the polymer electrolyte solid state electrochemical cells have been
fabricated. The various cell parameters are evaluated and reported. 相似文献
19.
《Solid State Ionics》2006,177(5-6):581-588
Polymeric gel electrolytes, based on a blend of poly(methylmethacrylate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PMMA/PVdF), ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate (EC/PC) as plasticizer and lithium perchlorate as electrolyte, have been studied as a function of the different polymeric ratios to obtain the best compromise between ionic conduction and mechanical properties of the systems involved. Ionic conductivity and the lithium self-diffusion coefficient were measured by the PFG–NMR method, which revealed a maximum of lithium mobility for the composition PMMA 60%–PVdF 40%. The Raman spectroscopic study revealed a change of the interaction between that of the lithium cations and the plasticizer molecules for different PMMA / PVdF ratios. Oscillatory rheological tests have shown better mechanical properties for the intermediate compositions of the blend. 相似文献
20.
Plasticized polymer electrolytes composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the host polymer and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
LiN(CF3SO2)2 as a salt were prepared by solution casting technique at different ratios. The ionic conductivity varied slightly and exhibited
a maximum value of 3.65 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 85% PMMA and 15% LiN(CF3SO2)2. The complexation effect of salt was investigated using FTIR. It showed some simple overlapping and shift in peaks between
PMMA and LiN(CF3SO2)2 salt in the polymer electrolyte. Ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) were added to the PMMA–LiN(CF3SO2)2 polymer electrolyte as plasticizer to enhance the conductivity. The highest conductivities obtained were 1.28 × 10−4 S cm−1 and 2.00 × 10−4 S cm−1 for EC and PC mixture system, respectively. In addition, to improve the handling of films, 1% to 5% fumed silica was added
to the PMMA–LiN(CF3SO2)2–EC–PC solid polymer electrolyte which showed a maximum value at 6.11 × 10−5 S cm−1 for 2% SiO2. 相似文献