TM01模虚阴极振荡器实验研究

 在SPARK-04强流相对论电子束加速器上，对轴向反馈式虚阴极振荡器进行了实验研究，并采用远场测量方法对其激励的高功率微波辐射进行了测量，测得了微波辐射主模及辐射功率。结果表明：微波辐射主模为TM₀₁模，辐射功率大于500 MW，微波转换效率大于3%，辐射频率约3.6 GHz，微波脉宽大于20 ns。同时，采用单反射面Vlasov天线，实现了该器件所激励高功率微波的定向传输。     

轴向反馈式虚阴极振荡器辐射微波模式的远场测定

 采用远场测量法测量了虚阴极振荡器波导口的微波辐射方向图及虚阴极振荡器波导口处接上TM₀₁-TE₁₁模式转换器时的微波辐射方向图，接收喇叭口面与微波辐射口之间的距离为1.00 m，满足远场条件。结果表明：两种情况下的辐射主模式分别为TM₀₁模式和TE₁₁模式，从而证实了在实验装置轴对称的条件下，轴向虚阴极振荡器的微波辐射主模式确为理论所预期的TM₂模式。对辐射模式的分析表明，TM₀₁模式纯度约为90%，TE₁₁模式的辐射功率为TM₀₁模式的5%左右；TE₂₁，TE₀₁和TM₁₁模式三者的总辐射功率较TM₀₁模式低一个量级以上，微波辐射功率大于300 MW，辐射频率为4.6 GHz左右，微波脉宽大于40 ns。     

利用波导截止特性测量微波源辐射功率

 对波导的截止特性作了理论分析，并分析了利用该特性进行高功率微波功率测量的可行性及准确性。在远场条件下，利用该特性对工作频率为1.75 GHz的磁绝缘线振荡器进行了微波功率测量。测量结果表明：微波源辐射功率2.3 GW，辐射模式为TM01主模，实测辐射模式方向图与模拟计算结果一致，微波脉宽大于40 ns，未发现明显的功率击穿现象；使用波导截止特性测量微波功率是可行的，有利于防止接收喇叭的功率击穿，测量精度较高。     

高功率微波辐射场功率阵列测量装置研制

基于高功率微波辐射场分布积分方法,通过衰减、延迟、合路等技术手段,研制了一套高功率微波辐射场功率阵列测量实验装置。该装置仅利用一台示波器就可以同时测得16个不同点处的高功率微波辐射场波形,由此得到不同点处的功率密度,在辐射天线方向图旋转对称的条件下,利用编写的程序可以迅速求得单次、短脉冲高功率微波源的空间辐射功率,并在X波段相对论返波管高功率微波源功率测试中得到应用,为高功率微波功率测量特别是单次HPM功率测量,提供了一种新的功率测量阵列装置。     

轴向提取矩形波导TE10模虚阴极振荡器

 轴向提取矩形波导TE₁₀模虚阴极振荡器可以不需要模式转换器或弯曲过渡波导而直接通过天线轴向辐射微波，从而使微波源及其辐射系统更加紧凑。粒子模拟结果表明，在400 keV，8.9 kA的束流条件下，轴向提取矩形波导TE₁₀模虚阴极振荡器在2.12 GHz处可以获得功率为500 MW的高功率微波输出，功率效率为14%，频率、模式纯净。这些结果为相同波段同类装置的小型化提供了一条可能的技术途径。     

高功率微波场磁光传感技术研究

 本文介绍一种利用磁光晶体记录特性进行高功率微波场矢量测量的传感技术。对返波管振荡器微波场的多点阵列测试表明,该传感系统对被测场无影响,抗干扰能力强,空间分辨率为0.001m,可测出场的主要模式成份TM₀₁、TE₀₁和TE₁₁,以及各成份的场强和功率,对总功率的估算值与喇叭耦合测量结果有较好的一致性。     

圆波导TE11主模辐射方向性系数的误差分析

 对不同尺寸圆波导TE₁₁模，以及TE₁₁和TM₀₁不同比例混合模式的辐射情况进行了模拟研究，得到了E面、H面功率方向图，通过高功率微波远场测量常采用的假设方向图对称的方法，计算出E面、H面方向性系数，并与模拟得到的方向性系数进行对比。结果表明：TE₁₁单模及TE₁₁模与功率占5%，10%的TM₀₁模混合情况下，H面方向性系数与模拟得到的方向性系数最大差值小于0.8 dB，E面方向性系数与模拟值最小差值大于1 dB。因此，在这些情况下，H面方向性系数更接近于方向性系数，采用H面方向性系数计算功率结果更接近实际值。     

阶梯阴极型L波段MILO的实验研究

 对阶梯阴极型L波段磁绝缘线振荡器（MILO）进行了实验研究。介绍了测试方法与测试系统；开展了阴极电子发射实验，发现阴极电子发射不均匀是对称结构MILO产生非对称微波模式的最关键的因素之一；并对二极管屏蔽环尺寸、扼流片半径、提取间隙等进行了研究。在电子束电压约420 kV、电流33 kA的条件下，得到了阶梯阴极型L波段MILO的高功率微波辐射功率为1.22~1.47 GW，脉宽大于20 ns，频率为1.21 GHz，束波转换效率约为10%，器件产生微波模式为TM01模，经过模式转换器后的辐射模式为TE11模。     

射频远红外波导自由电子激光器的新特性

 提出了用波导本征模展开的方法计算射频调制的短脉冲电子束在矩形波导中的自发辐射。模展开系数决定了辐射进入TE_0n模的功率。将短脉冲理想化为时间上的d函数,可以发现当辐射频率正好等于用来调制电子束的射频的整数倍时,辐射模式表现为“纯”的波导本征模,此时辐射功率最强。用此方法估算了设计中的上海远红外波导自由电子激光器的辐射功率。     

X波段高功率微波馈源辐射总功率阵列法测量技术

 分析了采用阵列法测量高功率微波(HPM)馈源辐射总功率的相关技术环节。仿真计算了某型X带HPM馈源辐射场分布,设计了积分法测量辐射总功率的参数,并对积分总功率与端口注入功率的关系以及积分方法引入的测量误差进行了计算。设计了由8路HPM辐射场功率密度测量系统组成阵列,对馈源辐射场功率密度进行测量,保证功率密度测量结果一致性和重复性。测量结果表明：多路测量系统测量波形相同,单路系统多次重复测量偏差在±0.1 dB内,多路测量系统对同一点辐射场功率密度测量偏差在±0.3 dB内,馈源热测E面方向图与冷测结果基本符合,积分总功率与等效辐射功率测量结果吻合较好。     

Reduction of sound radiation by using force radiation modes

The location of a vibration source within a machine is sometimes found to have a significant effect upon its radiated acoustic power. It is known that a simple reduction of vibration cannot always reduce the radiated acoustic power, so that treatments based on analysis of a structure’s vibration modes are not always effective. At the same time, radiation mode analysis is known to be a powerful tool for interpreting sound radiation since those modes are independent of a structure’s surface vibration. However, knowledge of the radiation modes alone cannot be used directly to understand the relationship between vibration source location and acoustic power radiation. In this paper, it is shown that the radiation mode concept can be extended to understand the relationship between acoustic power and driving force distribution by considering the product of the structure’s mobility matrix and the radiation modes: the resulting functions are here defined to be force radiation modes (f_rad-modes). An example is presented in which the acoustic power radiated by a simply-supported, baffled beam is reduced by using guidance provided by the structure’s force radiation modes. The results demonstrate that the force radiation modes can be used to guide the reduction of radiated acoustic power by changing the driving force location without the need to perform additional calculations or experiments.     

The effects of distributed masses on acoustic radiation behavior of plates

The acoustic radiation behavior of a plate with a distributed mass loading is studied. A set of in vacuo normal modes or fluid-loaded undamped normal modes are used for modal analysis of the acoustic radiation from a plate in air or in water. Modal radiation efficiency, modal volume displacement, modal input energy and sound power level are computed to show the effects of size and location of the mass loading on the acoustic radiation of the plate. It is observed that the acoustic radiation behavior of a mode in both cases will have relatively larger changes if the mass loading is placed on an antinode of the mode shape or the mass loading is more concentrated. The acoustic radiation behavior of a mode and the radiated power of the plate in water have less change than those in air with the same mass loading due to the added mass of the water, especially for the first few modes.     

Antenna measurements on the radiator component of an X-band Vlasov-type mode converter

This paper addresses the radiation patterns launched from circular waveguide radiators as the first step in the design of a Vlasov-type mode convertor that will function at high power levels in the X-band frequency range (8 to 12 GHz). The radiating ends of the radiators are each cut at a specific angle relative to the center axis of the waveguide to form the waveguide launcher component of a Vlasov-type mode convertor. The far-field radiation patterns for three radiators were measured with an antenna pattern-mapping system.ATTN: SLCHD-NW-RS     

Active control of radiated sound power of a smart cylindrical shell based on radiation modes

A new approach is proposed in this paper based on radiation modes to control the radiated sound pressure of a smart cylindrical shell equipped with piezoelectric sensor and actuators. The radiation modes determine the specific distribution of normal velocity of the shell that independently radiates sound to the surrounding space. In this study, the first radiation mode is controlled since it is the most effective mode in terms of the radiated power. The results indicate that most of the sound power is attenuated by controlling only this mode. The extended Hamilton’s principle, the Sanders shell theory and the assumed mode method are used to derive the equations of motion in a state space form that is suitable to design the controller. The radiated sound pressure is calculated using the simplified Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral along with a Kalman filter to observe the system states, and a modified higher harmonic control (MHHC) is designed to attenuate the sound power. A numerical simulation demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to active vibration control (AVC) in attenuating the radiated sound in the low frequency domain.     

An improved design for quasi-optical mode conversion of whispering gallery mode gyrotron radiation

Results are reported of a theoretical and experimental investigation of a quasi-optical mode converter for the transformation of whispering gallery mode gyrotron output into a linearly polarized Gaussian like beam. The mode converter consists of a helically cut waveguide launcher, similar to that originally proposed by Vlasovet al, followed by a focusing mirror. Theoretical results using aperture field methods indicate that the length of the waveguide launcher is of critical importance in providing a confined radiation pattern. Experimental results on the radiation pattern were obtained for several launcher lengths using a 0.6 MW, 149 GHz pulsed gyrotron operating in the TE_16,2 mode. Radiation pattern results for the optimum launcher length agree well with theoretical calculations using the Stratton-Chu aperture radiation theory for unperturbed waveguide modes. A mirror focusing in the azimuthal direction was designed by a geometrical optics approach to focus the radiation coming from the launcher. Good focusing with 91.4% efficiency (power in the focused beam divided by gyrotron power) was found experimentally using the combined launcher and mirror with the pulsed gyrotron. These results indicate that quasi-optical antennas are useful for transforming high order, high frequency gyrotron modes into directed beams in free space.     

Experimental study of the characteristics of high-power laser diode radiation in the above-threshold mode for degradation analysis

The angular dependence of the intensity and contrast of the radiation of laser diodes (LDs) with a CW power of 1.25 W has been investigated in the above-threshold mode. An original method for detecting fundamental lasing is used to analyze the mode structure of the LD radiation at low pump currents. It is shown that this radiation contrast measurement makes it possible to detect the LD degradation in earlier stages than in power measurements.     

第Ⅰ类两态叠加多模叠加态光场的N次方X压缩

利用多模辐射场广义非线性等幂次高次差压缩的一般理论,对第Ⅰ类两态叠加多模叠加态光场的等幂次N次方X压缩特性进行了详细研究,发现了其存在等幂次N次方X压缩效应的条件,还发现第Ⅰ、第Ⅱ两类两态叠加多模叠加态光场之间存在相似压缩和压缩简并现象,从而再次证明第Ⅰ类两态叠加多模叠加态光场是一种典型的多模非经典光场.     

Planar orotron experiments in the millimeter-wavelength band

The planar orotron is introduced and shown to be a viable source of moderate power and of millimeter and submillimeter wavelength radiation. The resonator is a slow-wave structure consisting of a rectangular metal grating which is opposed by a planar conducting boundary. The device operates in the surface harmonic mode: electrons interact with axially traveling waves which evanesce above the grating surface, and the amplified radiation leaves the resonator in parallel with the beam axis. Operation in both the forward and backward mode is possible. The resonator cavity is designed to enhance longitudinal reflections, and thereby enhance the output power and efficiency. The output frequency and tuning range are determined by the grating parameters. Experiments performed in the backward mode have produced radiation from 30 to 110 GHz at power levels ranging from 100 W to 2 kW. The efficiencies vary from 1 to 7%. The measured frequencies are closely predicted by a theory which is also presented     

同轴辐射相对论磁控管的功率合成研究

同轴辐射相对论磁控管,又称具有衍射输出的相对论磁控管,是目前相对论磁控管在小型化和紧凑化方向发展的重要分支,也是有望成为最紧凑的窄带高功率微波源器件之一.根据同轴辐射相对论磁控管直接轴向辐射准TE11模式的方式和特点,开展了两路同轴辐射相对论磁控管共用一个喇叭的功率合成研究.通过对平行排列结果的分析讨论,提出了一种改善辐射方向性的方法和结构.最终的研究结果表明:当两路同轴辐射相对论磁控管并排靠近放置且夹角为7°,共用喇叭的参数为h=600mm,r=340mm时,π模反射系数为0.31,最大增益21.5dB,辐射模式为TE11模.