E面和H面方向图等化的双模圆锥喇叭设计

 介绍用于Φ7.3 m Cassegrain天线的高功率馈源喇叭的设计。为使E面和H面方向图在照射区域内具有高的等化度，选择双模圆锥喇叭作为馈源的结构形式。由于高功率源采用BJ-32波导输出信号，故馈源系统中还应包含一个矩形到圆形的模式转换器，将TE10模转换为TE11模。设计了双模圆锥喇叭和模式转换器，并进行了功率容量估算。测试结果表明，所设计的馈源达到了设计要求，理论计算结果和实验测试数据吻合良好。     

VLASOV天线的研究

 使用频域矩量法(MM)和时域有限差分方法(FDTD)对VLASOV天线进行了系统研究。通过数值模拟：对VLASOV天线中的模式转换及其辐射过程进行有了清晰的物理描述；对VLASOV天线进行了参数化研究；并为实验提供了加工原型，实测结果与模拟结果吻合良好。在此基础上，结合VLASOV天线在高功率微波系统中的应用提出了一种新的设计方案。该方案实现了天线与天线罩的一体化设计，使辐射波束实现了较好的圆对称性，天线增益提高6dB，第一副瓣电平下降13dB。     

Study of Low Sidelobe Time Modulated Linear Antenna Arrays at Millimeter-Waves

In this paper, the time modulation technique for the design of low sidelobe antenna arrays is extended to millimeter-wave frequency band. Millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide is selected as the element radiators of linear antenna arrays, and the element radiation patterns are taken into account in the analysis and design of low sidelobe time modulated linear arrays. Two types of time modulation, namely, the time modulated variable aperture sizes (VAS) and unidirectional phase center motion (UPCM), are implemented in the design of low sidelobe millimeter waveguide linear arrays. It is observed that both the co-polarized and the cross-polarized components will experience the time modulation effect simultaneously. Many factors that affect the array performance are discussed.     

Microwave noise radiators

For the purposes of Microwave Active Radiometry (1), three noise radiators were developed and tested. One is a conventional noise diode source in a rectangular R-100 waveguide with a 6-dB horn attached, other two noise radiators are made as half-wave dipoles with noise diodes installed. Excess noise ratio and polarization ratio was estimated for the three designs, and the 3-D radiation pattern determined for the dipole models. For evaluation, radiometers operating at 11.5 GHz and 12.5 GHz were used, but some response was also determined with a radiometer operating at 4 GHz.     

利用辐射场诊断模式成分的病态特性

 根据辐射场测量并确定已知尺寸和工作频率的波导内可能存在的模式(即模式诊断)是一个电磁逆问题。针对该逆问题,利用电磁分析软件计算过模圆波导馈电圆锥喇叭天线的远区辐射场,通过比较多种模式以不同比例组合馈电产生的总辐射场之间的差异,研究模式诊断逆问题的病态程度。结果表明该逆问题病态严重,模式成分比例变化很大,但某些位置上辐射场变化较小甚至没有区别,即辐射场对各模式比例变化不敏感。如果在这些位置上测量则很难判断出各模式的成分,只有通过增加信息量才能缓解病态的严重程度,得到较准确的结果。通过分析,给出了对各模式组合比例变化敏感的测量位置。     

Mode Content Determination in a Multimode Waveguide from Radiation Pattern Measurements Using the Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents a novel technique for determining the mode content in a multimode waveguide from the radiation pattern measurements. The technique employs the Genetic Algorithm (GA) for determining the mode content in the waveguide from the measured pattern and a numerical method for simulating radiation patterns for the modes propagating in the waveguide. By numerical experiments, we validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technique, and illustrate its sensitivity to the number of observation points and random noise in the measurement.     

Investigation of the Circular Waveguide Radiating Slotted Structures Using Polarization Degeneration of the Main Mode Wave

The unusual paired slotted radiating structure of a circular waveguide is investigated when the wave of main mode H₁₁ is propagating in it. This structure is constructed in such a way that the phenomenon of the polarization degeneration of wave with this mode is taken into account. In the waveguide cross-section, the centers of the paired half-wave transverse slots are spaced by an angle γ over both sides of the waveguide diametric line along the direction of polarization of the H₁₁ mode. The radiation patterns at different spaced angles γ equal to 45°, 65°, and 72° as well as at the two-tiered location of such paired slots are investigated. The second tier is located on the distance equal to the half of the waveguide wavelength along the waveguide longitudinal axis. The pair slots of both tiers have the same γ angle but they are located at the opposite sides of the waveguide. The possibility is shown of synthesizing an omnidirectional radiation pattern by combination of the two-tiered structure with the opposite frontal slots and the two-tiered structure with the oppositely paired slots.     

基于长缝耦合的紧凑型TE31-TE11高功率微波模式变换器

提出了一种新型的TE31-TE11模式的紧凑型高功率微波模式转换器结构，在对比分析TE31和TE11两个模式的场分布特征相互关系基础上，通过在输入和输出圆波导组成的内外套筒结构和适当布置镜像对称分布的轴向耦合长缝，实现在小于1.2个波长的轴向长度内将相对论磁控管产生的L 波段TE31模式高功率微波转换为可定向辐射的圆波导TE11模式，采用全电磁波仿真结合Taguchi方法优化了模式转换器的几何参数，在工作频点获得的仿真模式转换效率为99%，效率高于95%的带宽达到10%，并对其工作于真空环境下的瞬态功率容量进行了仿真分析，理论的瞬态功率容量可达到3.4 GW。     

Radiation pattern of an end-fire optical waveguide coupler

A section of an optical waveguide having thickness less than the mode cutoff value adjoining a section having thickness greater than this value serves as an input-output optical waveguide coupler. Expressions for the radiation pattern of this coupler, the angle at which the maximum occurs, and the angular beam width are derived. Calculations of these quantities as a function of coupler thickness for several waveguide-substrate structures applicable at λ = 10.6 μm are presented. Radiation patterns with small angular widths that result in high coupler efficiencies are found to occur when the waveguide and substrate refractive indices are nearly equal.     

同轴插板式TEM－TE11模式转换器的设计与实验研究

 介绍了同轴插板式TEM－TE₁₁模式转换器的设计:在同轴波导内沿径向插入四块金属板，将同轴TEM模转变为扇形截面波导TE11模，通过控制插板的长度使不同扇形截面波导输出TE₁₁模的相位不同，最后在圆波导内形成TE₁₁模；通过在插板的前端设置角向均匀分布的金属杆，实现了模式转换器的良好匹配。实验测得模式转换器的辐射方向图轴向最大，与数值计算结果吻合良好，表明实验中模式转换器的输出模式与数值计算结果一致，从而验证了同轴插板式模式转换器的可行性。     

圆波导斜劈辐射天线的实验研究

 为了使三腔渡越管振荡器高功率微波源的输出具有单向波束及线极化的辐射特性，设计了圆波导斜劈结构的伏拉索夫型天线。着重进行实验研究，给出了具体设计时应该考虑的因素以及实验情况。通过对圆波导前端模式变换器的同轴内导体长度的调节和鼻锥形状的选择以及各个部分的仔细分析，最后获得了较好的结果，证明了该天线的实用性和可靠性。     

金属超材料TEM-TE11高功率微波模式转换器北大核心CSCD

利用高折射率的金属超材料作为移相器,设计了一种紧凑型高功率微波TEM-TE_(11)模式转换器。通过研究同轴扇形金属栅格超材料的传输特性,得到高折射率的全金属超材料。采用CST Microwave Studio软件对金属超材料TEM-TE_(11)模式转换器进行了数值模拟,结果显示:该转换器在1.56 GHz附近转换效率大于96%,相对带宽约4%,功率容量不低于2 GW,系统纵向长度仅0.42个波长。将所设计的模式转换器结合L波段磁绝缘线振荡器开展了一体化设计,在器件输出口得到了TE_(11)模高功率微波输出。     

双微波源共轴辐射馈线结构的设计

设计了一种将两个不同波段微波源输出微波馈向同一个馈源喇叭的双波段馈线结构。该结构不仅对两个微波源输出的TM01模进行了有效的模式转换,而且实现了两个波段的微波共用辐射天线。采用双弯曲圆波导模式转换器实现高频段微波源输出微波的模式转换和轴线的定量平移;采用中间模式为矩形波导TE10模的圆波导TM01模-同轴波导TE11模的模式转换器,实现低频段微波源输出微波的模式转换及与高频段微波源输出微波的共轴输出。数值仿真结果验证了设计思路的正确性。     

用于宽带高功率微波辐射的双层贴片天线特性

 研究了用于宽带高功率微波辐射的双层贴片微带天线输入阻抗带宽和辐射特性,提出一种适合于高功率微波辐射的圆锥传输线馈电结构以减小传统馈电探针的引线感抗,使天线的功率容量提高到百MW级,同时作为同轴线到径向传输线的过渡变换,使反射系数降低近50%。通过数值计算分析了不同的介质基底厚度组合和贴片尺寸对天线带宽的影响,优化参数后的天线带宽达到了34.9%(电压驻波比小于3),带内平均增益高于6.5 dB,最大增益8.3 dB,主辐射方向上的远场辐射因子与馈入宽带脉冲幅度比值大于1.3。分析了天线的功率容量,模拟计算表明该天线可用于辐射幅值300 kV的宽带高功率微波。     

Orthogonal contributor number for the measurement of sound power

Orthogonal contributors to a global error represent a very efficient design method in terms of both sensing and control of noise radiation. In practice the price of a sensing system will be determined by the number of errors it must resolve. Therefore predicting the most efficient way of measuring radiation power is an important problem. Recently work has compared sensing the number of vibration modes to the number of orthogonal contributors to radiated power. The required number of vibration modes was based on the proximity of the structural mode resonance frequency and the excitation frequency. While ultimately this technique will result in a valid estimate of radiated power, it is shown here that the number of structural modes can be minimized by first considering orthogonal radiators based on structural mode amplitudes. Two disturbance cases are considered: a point force and an even disturbance coupling to each structural mode. Also, under these conditions the practicality of estimating the number of orthogonal radiators when it is assumed that each contributor is equal in amplitude is examined. Finally in an attempt to optimism the number of signals to be sensed, a variable error margin for the estimate of power, based on the ratio of the sound power at each frequency to the maximum peak in the considered frequency range is proposed and analyzed.     

求解波束波导中激励-传输-辐射问题的积分方程方法

针对波束波导系统结构和馈电特性,应用体面积分方程建立了任意结构波束波导中电磁波的激励、传输和辐射问题所对应的物理模型.在激励端,采用模式展开方法描述输入口面场分布,并利用模式匹配方法精确模拟波束波导馈电端的匹配状况.通过对波束波导内部的实际结构的精确拟合,基于积分方程建立了激励-传输-辐射的电磁模型,并以高效数值解法给...     

矩形波导中超短脉冲电子束的相干同步辐射

考虑了当射频调制的超短脉冲电子束径向长度远小于辐射波长时，将其理想化为δ时间函数，提出了用波导本往模展开的方法来计算矩形波导中超短脉冲电子束的相干同步辐射及其频率特性。结果表明：（１）当谐振频率等于调制电子束微脉冲时间隔的射频的整数倍时，辐射模式表现为“纯”的波导本征模。（２）波导效应使得超短脉冲电子束在两个频率处发生相干同步辐射，而且低频支的辐射功率高于高频支的。最后指出波导自由电子激光器单横模     

Field Patterns of the TE Modes in Ridge-Trough Waveguide

A single-ridge waveguide with a symmetrical longitudinal trough, designated as a ridge-trough waveguide has been used as a transition in a V-band (50-75 GHz) wafer probe recently. In this paper, the field patterns for the dominant TE mode and the first higher TE mode in ridge-trough waveguide with different configurations are presented by finite element method. The field patterns in this paper have important values for us to understand the transmission characteristics of ridge-trough waveguide, and will be of practical significance in designing ridge-trough waveguide components in microwave and millimeter wave engineering.     

扇形波导谐振宽边纵缝的归一化电导

扇形波导可作为高功率微波圆柱共形波导缝隙阵天线的基本单元。分析了扇形波导中主模场分量,根据实际情况对主模场进行了合理近似。采用互易定理推导由波导主模横向场分量和缝隙场分量表示的波导场分量的前向或后向散射系数。根据波导传输线理论,将波导宽边纵缝等效为并联导纳,再根据波导边界条件得到扇形波导宽边谐振纵缝的归一化电导与波导散射系数之间的关系式。根据缝隙天线与振子天线的互补关系得到扇形波导谐振缝隙的辐射阻抗,结合波导功率平衡关系得到由波导横向场散射系数表示的缝隙辐射功率表达式,得到归一化电导的与谐振宽边纵缝的偏移位置、缝隙宽度、波导波长以及扇形波导尺寸参数之间的解析表达式。给出了算例,在波导中间区域,通过商用软件计算得到的电导与理论公式结果基本吻合。     

等效电流方法计算单模光纤的辐射损耗

本文将无源的不规则波导看作有源的理想波导,求等效极化电流电场,直接得到单一光波导模间耦合和辐射损耗问题的解。用这个方法计算了阶跃单模光纤折射率轴向不均匀变化的损耗。这种方法完全脱离了耦合波的概念,它不但物理意义明确,而且求解问题的方法简洁。最后以单模光纤弯曲和微弯损耗为例,说明等效电流方法还适用于广义耦合波理论才能求解的问题。