基于双环耦合全光缓存器的大动态延迟范围的研究

全光交换网的高吞吐量和信道利用率要求全光缓存器具有大的动态延迟范围。建立了基于平行排列3×3光纤耦合器的双环耦合全光缓存器(DLOB)的分析模型。分析了限制DLOB延迟范围的各个因素。分析发现,通过级联DLOB,可以实现大动态延迟范围。实验验证级联型DLOB的可变延迟范围达到1～9999T,延迟粒度为25ns,输出信号的误码率低于10-9。得到理论模型与分析方法对其他基于半导体光放大器(SOA)光开关的反馈式光学处理结构同样具有借鉴作用。     

基于双半导体光放大器的读/写分别控制的新型全光缓存器

全光缓存器能够在光域内对数据包进行缓存,解决数据包在节点的冲突。提出了一种新型可擦写的全光缓存器,该缓存器以半导体光放大器(SOA)为非线性相移器件,利用信号光和控制光在半导体光放大器中的交叉相位调制实现信号在光域内的"写入"和"读出"。在注入信号峰值功率相同的条件下,双半导体光放大器结构的采用还可以对信号光实现功率补偿,比利用单个半导体光放大器进行"写入/读出"控制延长了缓存时间,并能有效克服在数据包"写入"缓存器时造成的输出端口处信号光的泄漏。该缓存器顺利实现了2.5 Gb/s数据包的多圈缓存。     

基于半导体光放大器偏振旋转的全光缓存器

全光缓存器可实现数据包在光域内的缓存,是全光路由、伞光计算以及全光交换的关键部件之一.提出了一种基于半导体光放大器(SOA)中非线性偏振旋转(PR)的光纤环型全光缓仃器结构;提出了一种利用偏振主态(PSP)寻找两个正交线偏振态以及在线实时测量光纤中偏振态的方法.通过改变SOA的注入电流,实现了对两个正交偏振态转化的控制,利用这两个正交的线偏振态,实现了信号的"写"人和"读"出.利用该结构的缓存器,实现了2.5 Gb/s的1024 bits数据包6圈的缓存.缓存后的信号波形良好.     

时隙光分组交换网络中一种新的光缓存优化配置方案

研究了时隙光分组交换网中的光缓存配置方案,针对反馈共享式缓存结构,通过对传统的连续分布式光缓存结构中不同延迟粒度的光缓存丢包的分布情况仿真结果研究,发现在传统的连续分布式光缓存结构中,丢包主要发生在小粒度的光缓存上,为此,提出通过适当增加小粒度的光缓存的方法,达到有效地降低丢包率,仿真结果显示,这种光缓存方案可以明显降低节点的丢包率.     

可重构光分插复用器的设计与实现

研究了基于光纤光栅光开关的可重构光分插复用器（ROADM）的设计和实现.提出了一种光纤光栅准直器的结构,由光纤光栅准直器组成的光纤光栅光开关真正实现了光纤光栅与光开关合二为一的结构.以光纤光栅光开关为核心模块,制作了一种ROADM,该器件结构更紧凑,体积更小.通过对样机的测试和系统仿真,结果证明了此种结构的ROADM符合设计标准,具有较高的性能,而且结构简单,操作方便.此外,该ROADM制作过程难度小,器件成本低,适合批量生产.     

基于光纤四波混频波长转换和色散的慢光实验研究

对基于光纤四波混频（FWM）波长转换和色散的慢光实现进行了详细和系统的实验研究.首先,实验测定了高非线性光纤中FWM带宽约为40 nm,从而确定了慢光的可调谐带宽;接着,在普通单模光纤和色散补偿光纤（DCF）中针对500 MHz正弦信号和100 ps短脉冲信号分别实现了34和198 ns的脉冲延迟,在DCF中还实现了209 ns的脉冲提前.讨论了增大延迟量的方法,指出随着宽带FWM波长转换的实现和大色散光纤的应用有望获得微秒量级的大延迟量,从而为高性能光纤延迟线和全光缓存器等应用提供支持. 关键词： 慢光 四波混频 色散     

用于全光缓存的光阈值门理论和实验研究

提出了一种基于光阈值门的全光缓存方案,采用两个非对称的SOA环形腔激光器耦合构成光阈值门,其输出光可以在两种波长上切换,可控制波长转换器实现光包路由,从而将需缓存的数据包路由到缓存端口,避免了复杂的包头处理.建立了光阈值门的理论模型,对10 Gbit/s的光阈值门的动态特性进行了数值模拟和实验研究,实验结果和理论计算结果相符合,实验也表明光阈值门两种输出状态的消光比可达30dB.     

基于半导体光放大器的环路型全光缓存器中功率均衡的新方法

全光缓存器能够在光域内对数据包进行存储而不需经过光电光的变换,成为全光网的重要组成部分,其性能的优劣将直接影响到网络的丢包率等。但在半导体光放大器中交叉增益调制和交叉相位调制效应并存,导致基于半导体光放大器的环路型全光缓存器中缓存后输出的数据包与未缓存数据包的输出功率间存在不均衡,使得网络误码率增加。在详细分析全光缓存器工作原理的基础上,利用半导体光放大器中交叉增益调制和交叉相位调制并存的现象,巧妙地提出了将控制脉冲反相并配合电可调衰减器的新方法。该方法简单易行,有效解决了此类全光缓存器中数据包输出功率不均衡的难题,缓存器性能得到了极大改善。此方法适用于所有基于半导体光放大器的环路型全光缓存器。     

自相似业务下光缓存设计

提出了在数据包长可变的自相似业务下研究光纤延时线所组成的光缓存问题的解析模型.利用Pareto到达过程来模拟自相似业务.研究表明,缓存深度越大,包丢失率越低,而且存在与业务强度对应的最佳光纤延时线单位,使得在给定的缓存深度下,数据包丢失率最小,在业务强度和缓存深度相同时,Pareto到达比Poisson到达有更大的包丢失率.     

磁光光纤Bragg光栅中圆偏振光的非线性传输特性

提出了磁光光纤Bragg光栅的理论模型,给出了圆偏振光在磁光光纤光栅中传播的非线性耦合模方程. 研究表明,在磁光光纤Bragg光栅中,光栅引起正反传播方向的导波光发生耦合,法拉第效应引起磁圆双折射效应,而非线性效应则将左旋和右旋圆偏振光耦合在一起,它们的共同作用可使双稳态状态发生反转、非线性光控光开关阈值功率降低. 与传统光纤光栅相比,利用左旋和右旋磁圆偏振光之间的交叉相位调制实现的脉冲整形具有磁光偏置可调特性,为基于磁光光纤光栅的动态灵活全光3R再生器的研制提供了理论基础. 关键词： 磁光光纤Bragg光栅 圆偏振光 脉冲整形     

Experimental demonstration and cascadability analysis of a tunable optical buffer based on a re-circulating loop consisting of optical SSB modulator and FBG filter

We demonstrate a tunable optical buffer with variable time delays for label switching applications using an optical single sideband modulator in a fiber Bragg grating-filter loop. This optical buffer realizes payload storage with optional wavelength conversion function, providing flexibility in packet router design. Small sensitivity penalty is observed in our experiment after the payload circulating in the buffer loop three times. The cascadability of the tunable optical buffer is investigated. We provide analysis of the optical signal to noise ratio degradation due to accumulated amplified spontaneous emission noise, and the penalty caused by loss ripple and group delay ripple of the fiber Bragg grating.     

光突发交换的交换控制策略和光缓存配置

光突发交换是面向下一代互联网的光交换模式.讨论了异步光突发交换系统的交换控制策略以及相应光缓存的优化配置策略.除了传统预约模式的交换策略,还研究了非预约和改进型预约模式,它们的性能评估由计算机仿真给出.结果表明:在条件相当情况下,改进型预约模式具有最低的丢包率.同时光缓存的配置对上述几类交换控制策略的性能都有很大影响,仿真结果指出:光缓存的粒度对系统性能具有重要影响,所讨论的几类交换模式都存在最佳时延粒度,研究结果对光交换矩阵的设计有指导意义.     

用于WDM光突发交换网的改进JIT信令协议

提出了一种用WDM光突发交换网的良好时间通信协议(MJIT-SP)该协议结合了光线路交换和光分组交换的优点与用于光突发交换的其他信令协议相似,MJIT-SP的特点也是采用带外控制信号处理来排除核心节点处对光缓存器的需求然而,与其它协议如JIT-SP相比,它能最小化数据源端的建立时间和最大化交叉连接的带宽利用率而且,MJIT-SP还能支持光网络中无连接和面向连接的数据包传递并介绍了MJIT-SP的基本结构并从三个方面分析了它的基本性能,即建立时间、端到端延时和信道占用时间然后,对本协议与JIT-SP的性能进行了比较,结果显示:MJIT-SP不仅优于JIT-SP,而且还克服了JIT-SP的一个缺点,即过长的信道占用时间此外,还给出了MJIT-SP的信令信息,尤其是非常关键的信号与脉座电平差(SETUP)消息MJIT-SP中的SETUP与JIT-SP中的SETUP不同,它需要给出数据包路由和交换所需的信息,包括数据包长度、比特率、SETUP与数据包之间的偏置时间以及数据业务的质量控制系统(QoS)要求等最后讨论了MJIT-SP两种可能的变化并且分析了它们的优缺点.     

Wavelength division multiplexed loop buffer memory based optical packet switch

Photonic all-optical switching is widely considered as one of the technique to utilize the enormous optical bandwidth. Optical packet switching provides high speed, data rate transparency, data format transparency, efficient use of bandwidth and flexibility. To resolve the conflict during contention, packets are needed to be buffered. Due to the lack of optical RAM, fiber delay lines (FDLs) are the most suited option to buffer the packets. This paper proposes new optical packet switch architecture alongwith feedback shared buffer utilizing the advantage of WDM loop buffer memory. The loop buffer module used in this switch architecture is a new approach towards WDM buffering of packets. The mathematical modeling is done to validate the results obtained from simulation.     

AWG and EDFA based optical packet switch using feedback shared loop buffer memory

Optical packet switching provides high speed, data rate/format transparency, efficient use of bandwidth and flexibility. The major problem in the implementation of “all-optical” switching is contention which occurs when two or more packets arrive at the same time for the same destination. To resolve the contention, we have proposed an optical packet switch architecture based on WDM loop buffer memory in the feedback configuration. In that architecture, the contending packets are stored in a loop buffer module, and routed in the free time slots. The buffering duration in the recirculating loop is limited by a circulation limit. The analysis was been done to obtain the maximum number of allowed circulations. This paper proposes improved version of that optical packet switch architecture, to increase the number of maximum allowed circulations. The modification is done either by adding an extra erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in the original switch or by replacing the core space switch with arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The performance analysis has been done by the simulations.     

Performance enhancement of optical burst switched networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is an optical switching paradigm which offers a good tradeoff between the traditional optical circuit switching (OCS) and optical packet switching (OPS) since it has the relatively easy implementation of the first and the efficient bandwidth utilization of the second. Hence, OBS is a promising technology for the next generation optical Internet. A buffer-less OBS network can be implemented using ordinary optical communication equipment without the need for either wavelength converters or optical memories. In an OBS network, burst-loss performance is a critical concern. In OBS, the data-burst transmission is delayed by an offset time (relative to its burst control packet (BCP), or header) and the burst follows its header without waiting for an acknowledgment for resource reservation. Thus, a burst may be lost at an intermediate node due to contention, which is generally resolved according to the local routing and bandwidth information. The routing table maintained in each OBS node is generally pre-computed and fixed to forward the data bursts. Such a static forwarding feature might have limited efficiency to resolve contentions. Moreover, a burst may be lost and the network may be congested when a network element (e.g., fiber link) fails. In this paper, an efficient integrated scheme based on dynamic routing and burst segmentation has been proposed to improve reliability of data transport and network load balancing in optical burst switched networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces effectively blocking probability and hence contention. Further, it provides end-to-end throughput performance also. Hence, it establishes an appropriate tradeoff between loss rate and end-to-end throughput.     

An optimal burst assembly approach employing traffic shaping (OBATS) for OBS

Optical burst switching (OBS) aims at combining the strengths of packet and circuit switching and is considered as a promising technology for implementing the next generation optical Internet, required to cope with the rapid growth of Internet traffic and the increased deployment of new services. In this paper, an optimal burst assembly approach employing traffic shaping (OBATS) for OBS networks has been proposed in order to improve network performance in terms of reduced blocking probability, congestion control and better utilization of bandwidth. Particularly, the proposed scheme aims at reducing the average delay experienced by the packets during the burstification process in optical burst switched (OBS) networks, for a given average size of the bursts produced. Reducing the packet burstification delay, for a given average burst size, is essential for real-time applications; correspondingly, increasing the average burst size for a given packet burstification delay is important for reducing the number of bursts injected into the network and the associated overhead imposed on the core nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed burst assembly approach gives better network performance in terms of burst drop, resource contention and delay as compared to conventional burst assembly approaches.     

Optically controlled loop buffer using a SOA loop mirror and a circulator based reflector

In this paper, an optically controlled loop buffer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It utilizes a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based loop mirror as a fast switch to realize the writing and reading of packets within this buffer and a circulator based optical reflector to achieve internal re-circulations. By adding fibers with different lengths between the loop mirror and the circulator, variable delay time per circulations can be obtained. We also demonstrate the performance of the 2.5 and 10 Gb/s data packets in this buffer structure, as well as the influence of the two different control signal formats on the packet signal degradation during buffering. This loop buffer has the merits of low cost and improved performance compared to other similar loop buffer structures. According to the obtained results, the achieved number of circulations is greatly increased.     

采用OFDM信号作为标记的光分组交换方案

以光正交频分复用信号作为光标记,利用两个不同波长的光载波分别经过强度调制,产生了10 Gb/sOOK光载荷和2.5 Gb/sOFDM光标记。测得了光分组信号经光纤传输前后接收载荷的眼图和标记的星座图以及误码率曲线,结果表明:经过40 km光纤传输后,载荷与标记的功率代价分别为1dB和0.5dB。