火焰原子吸收光谱法测定芋头中10种金属元素

采用干法分解样品,应用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了芋头中K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cd、Cr、Pb金属元素的含量.研究了测定不同元素的仪器最佳工作条件,并做了方法的准确性和精密度考察.结果表明,芋头中含有丰富的K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn,Cr及有害元素Pb未检出,Cd含量符合食品卫生标准.该法加标...     

ICP-AES法分析灵芝中的微量元素

采用湿法消解,ICP-AES法分析不同原料的两种灵芝子实体、灵芝子实体根部、灵芝混合物、灵芝破壁与不破壁孢子粉中的20种微量元素,Al,As,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Ce,Hg,K,Mg,Mn,Na,Ni,P,Pb,S,Se,Zn的含量.结果表明:不同灵芝样品中的矿物元素含量很丰富,其中元素K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,P,S含量较高,主要存在的微量元素有:Cu,CO,Cr,Ni;具有潜在生理毒性的元素为Al,As,Hg,Pb,Cd,抗癌功效元素Se和Ge在所有灵芝样品中并未测得.孢子粉中重金属元素含量相对灵芝原料更低些,灵芝混合物中有添加的功效元素Fe和se,灵芝根部切片样品中的Ca,Cu,Zn含量与其他样品都要高,不同品种的灵芝原料中的微量元素含量存在一定的差异性.     

脉通中金属元素含量的测定

本文采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了中成药脉通中K ,Ca ,Na ,Mg ,Fe,Zn ,Mn ,Cu ,Ni,Cr,Cd和Pb十二种金属元素的含量 ,计算Cu/Zn比值和Ca/Mg比值 ,并对其结果进行了分析。结果显示 ,脉通中含有丰富的宏量元素K ,Ca,Mg和有益的微量元素Cu ,Zn ,Fe等元素 ,有毒元素Cd和Pb的含量较低。金属元素的含量高低顺序为 :K >Ca >Na >Mg >Fe >Zn >Mn >Cu >Ni>Cr>Cd >Pb ,Cu/Zn比值 >Ca/Mg比值。测定结果为探讨中成药中宏量、微量元素与治疗脑血管疾病功效的关系提供了有用的数据。     

新疆野生樱桃李及栽培品种果肉中17种元素含量ICP-MS法测定

比较紫色,红色和黄色三种新疆野生樱桃李及栽培品种果肉中无机元素的含量,样品采用微波消解方法进行前处理,ICP-MS法检测其中K,Ca,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Be,Li,Se,Sr,Cr,Pb,Cd,As,Hg等17种元素。该检测方法快速简便,精密度高且具有较高的灵敏度,17种元素的加标回收率在93.5%～110.4%。分析结果表明紫色,红色和黄色三种新疆野生樱桃李及栽培品种果肉中的17种元素含量均较为接近,均含有极为丰富的K元素,含量高达1‰左右,Ca,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn均为含量较高的金属元素且含量依次降低,Cu,Zn,Li,Se,Sr,Cr也有一定含量,Pb,Cd,As,Hg等有害元素含量极低或未检出。实验结果为研究新疆野生樱桃李与栽培品种果肉中微量元素含量提供参考数据。     

洋槐花中微量元素的光谱测定

采用火焰原子吸收法同时测定了洋槐花中K,Na,Ca,Mg,Pb,Cd,Cu,Mn,Co,Zn,Cr,Fe等1２种微量元素的含量。方法的相对标准偏差介于0.07%～2.31%, 回收率介于97.0%～107.0%。结果表明,洋槐花中含有丰富的微量元素,其含量K＞Ca＞Mg＞Na＞Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn＞Co＞Pb＞Cr＞Cd, 说明洋槐花具有较高的营养价值。     

ICP-AES测定两种牡丹胚乳中的矿质元素

采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定了紫斑牡丹和滇牡丹胚乳样品中14种矿质元素（K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Li、Ni、B、Ag、Cd、Pb）含量。结果表明,各测试元素的校准曲线线性良好;两种牡丹胚乳中4种人体必需的常量元素K、Na、Ca、Mg及6种与人体健康和生命有关的必需元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、B含量丰富,3种对人体有害的微量元素Ag、Cd、Pb中,Ag与Cd均未被检出。表明两种牡丹胚乳矿质营养丰富,值得深入研究和开发利用。     

微波消解ICP-AES测定普洱茶中的17种元素

优化了微波处理样品的条件,以电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）检测普洱茶中17种元素的含量。结果表明,普洱茶中元素含量高低顺序为：K〉Ca〉Mg〉Al〉Mn〉Na〉Fe〉Zn〉Ni〉Sr〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉Co〉Cd。As、Se没有检出,有害元素的含量均低于国家标准限量。ICP-AES检测各元素的相对标准偏差小于5%。     

ICP-AES法测定猫爪草中常量及微量元素

运用ICP—AES法对河南、新疆产猫爪草中常量及微量元素进行了测定。结果表明猫爪草含K,Fe,Ca,Cr,Mg,Mn,Zn,Co,Cu,Ni,Se,Sr等多种常量及微量元素,微量元素Pb,Cd,As等的含量甚微;研究发现猫爪草块根中Zn/Cu值为3左右,与抗癌中药中微量元素的含量有Zn高Cu低的现象一致。     

1980年7月—12月原子光谱文献分类索引

一一f一一一一一一一了文献题录8134一8590的分类索引。按应用分类和按元素字母顺序分类。 应用分类索引农业植物一8169(Pb),5216又AI),521了,5236(As, Sb),8285,8286(Ca.K,Mg,P),829组(AI, Ba,Be,Ca,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,P,pb,Sr, Zn),8310,8391(Ag,AI,Ba,Co,Cr,Cu, Fe,Mg,Mn一Mo,Ni,51,Sn,Sr,Ti,V, Zn),8396(CI),8406(Ge),8419(Sb), 8482(K),8516,8554,5573(Cd,Co,Cr, Cu,Ni,孙,Zn),8579(Cd)土壤一8151(Pb),8155(AI,Fe),8233(Mn), 8255(Ca,K,Mg,P),8266(Hg),8271(Cd, Pb),8274(Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn),8296(Ca,K, Mg,P),830…     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定新疆不同产地天山花楸枝叶及果实中的元素

采用微波消解-ICP-AES技术,测定了新疆不同产地天山花楸枝叶及果实中Ca,K,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb,As等十种元素的含量。结果发现:不同产地的天山花楸枝叶及果实中元素的含量均有差异,枝叶中的含量较果实中的含量要丰富,对人体有益的Ca,K,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu等元素的含量均较高,有害元素Pb和As的含量较低。实验结果为更好的开发和利用新疆天山花楸药用资源提供科学依据。     

A semi-empirical approach to determine gamma activities in environmental cylindrical samples

A semi-empirical method to determine radionuclide concentrations in large environmental samples without the use of reference material and avoiding the typical complexity of Monte-Carlo codes is proposed. The calculation of full-energy peak efficiencies was carried out from a relative efficiency curve (obtained from the gamma spectra data), and the geometric (simulated by Monte-Carlo), absorption, sample and intrinsic efficiencies for energies between 130 and 3000 keV. The absorption and sample efficiencies were determined from the mass absorption coefficients, whereas the intrinsic efficiency was approximated by an empirical function. The deviations between calculated and experimental efficiencies for a reference material in most cases are less than 10%. Radionuclide activities in marine sediment samples calculated by the proposed method and by the experimental comparative method were not significantly different. This new method can be used for routine environmental monitoring when uncertainties up to 10% are acceptable.     

一种基于音素模型感知度的发音质量评价方法

为了提高发音质量判别精度,提出了一种基于音素模型感知度的发音质量评价方法。它采用不同语音样本集合下样本声学特征的对数后验概率期望差作为音素模型对变异发音的感知度,并以此为基础,生成各音素对应的识别模型候选集。实验表明,所提出的方法使语音识别网络候选音素模型集合尺寸减少约95%;在非母语语音数据库上,该方法评分与人工专家打分相关性为0.828,基于该方法得到的声韵母错误检出率为70.8%,声调错误检出率为42.5%,均优于其它方法。      

微波消解-ICP-AES测定保鲜水果中硫含量

用硝酸-过氧化氢(4+2)混合溶液作为消解剂,微波消解法处理保鲜水果样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定所得样品溶液中硫的含量,选择182.0nm为测定硫的分析线,硫的检出限(3Sd)为0.065mg·L-1,样品测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)为1.90%用本法测定两个国家标准物质茶叶(GBW...     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钢铁厂废旧除尘布袋中重金属

采用微波消解—火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定某钢铁公司五种废旧除尘布袋中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni六种重金属元素总量,在国内首次研究了六种消解酸体系对废旧除尘布袋样品中重金属的消解效果。该方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.02%～4.35%,平均回收率为87.7%～105.6%。研究表明,该方法操作简便、快速、准确、重复性好,适合于废旧除尘布袋中重金属含量的测定。试验分析结果表明,应根据不同布袋的特性差异,采用不同的消解体系;不同工序废旧除尘布袋样品中重金属含量差异较大,其中Pb、Zn元素含量最高,Cu,Ni,Cd,Cr等元素的含量相对较低。该测定结果为废旧除尘布袋的进一步处理处置研究提供了科学依据。     

“Y”型棉涤线微流控分析通道测定新方法研究

基于棉涤线的毛细作用,构建成“Y”型微流控分析通道,自行研制了一种可调控试样流速的微流控分析通道装置,实现了待测液和显色剂同时进样,研究建立了一种“Y”型棉涤线微流控分析通道分析测定新方法。进行了分光光光度法与Scan-Adobe Photoshop软件处理两种检测方法的比较,结果表明光度法检出限低;Scan-Adobe Photoshop软件处理法操作简捷,分析速度快,样品用量少。应用于亚硝酸根的分析测定,两种检测方法的线性范围和检出限分别为1.0~70 μmol·L-1,0.66 μmol·L-1(光度法);50~450和45.10 μmol·L-1(Scan-Adobe Photoshop软件处理法)。回收率在96.7%~104.0%之间。该微流控通道分析方法成本低廉,分析速度快,对土壤和水样中亚硝酸根进行分析测定,结果满意。     

应用内标的APDC-Cu(Ⅱ)快速共沉淀分离富集和原子吸收光谱测定食盐中的铅

采用APDC(吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵)-Cu(Ⅱ)共沉淀体系,以Ni(Ⅱ)为内标,在pH 2.5的条件下快速共沉淀分离富集食盐中的铅,并用火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)测定。当试液为100 mL时方法的检测限为3.27×10-3 μg·mL-1,回收率为92%～101%,基本消除了基体干扰。该法快速、简便、重现性好。     

涂锆石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定水样中的有机锡和无机锡

本文用涂锆石墨管石墨原子吸收光谱法直接进样测定了样品中总锡含量,用氢化物发生－有机溶剂萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了样品中有机锡,并通过差减法求得无机锡含量,无机锡和有机锡的测定检测限分别为２７ｐｇ和５８ｐｇ,精工为２．０４％和２．１３％,该方法可用于不同水样中有机和无机锡的测定,回收率在９０．５％－９８．５％之间。     

深度非线性度量学习在说话人确认中的应用

将非线性度量学习(Nonlinear Metric Learning,NML)应用于说话人确认,提出了一种基于深度独立子空间分析(Independent Subspace Analysis,ISA)网络的说话人确认方法。区别于传统的线性度量学习方法,该方法使用深度独立子空间分析网络来学习一种从说话人原始空间到优化子空间的非线性显式映射,并在此基础上计算两条语音之间的相似性,以获得更好的说话人确认性能.所提方法在NIST SRE 2008数据集上进行了评估。评估结果表明,所提算法的等错误率指标相比传统的基于余弦距离打分的i-vector算法、线性判别分析(Linear Discriminant Analysis,LDA)算法、概率线性判别分析(Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis,PLDA)算法分别下降了11.02%,6.40%和4.579%。      

Solid-phase extraction coupled with ultraviolent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to fulfill sensitive and selective determination of phosgene

A simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective method was proposed to detect phosgene by solid-phase extraction coupled with ultraviolent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. First, phosgene reacts with aniline solution to produce N,N′-diphenylcarbamide, then nylon membrane was selected as solid-phase material to enrich N,N′-diphenylcarbamide and separate it from mixture solution. At last, nylon membrane-concentrated N,N′-diphenylcarbamide was measured directly to collect ultraviolent diffuse reflectance spectrum without any elution. Some parameters such as membrane pore, vacuum degree, and volume of sample were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the relationship between the mass x of phosgene and absorbance y at 257?nm was described in a linear equation of y?=?0.0141x?+?0.0025 with a squared correlation coefficient of 0.9920, the limit of detection of phosgene was estimated as low as 0.2466?µg. The developed method was evaluated by applying to detect phosgene content in real samples and comparing with aniline in ultraviolet spectrophotometric method, which is adopted by the standard method of China. The relative errors of two methods were between ?7.03% and 3.60%, and the relative standard deviations were from 6.55% to 9.31%, which are comparable to the standard method and verified the feasibility of the current method. These results demonstrated that the proposed method could be applied to the detection of phosgene with good accuracy and precision.     

Dynamic range and linearity improvement for zero-field single-beam atomic magnetometer

Zero-field single-beam atomic magnetometers with transverse parametric modulation for ultra-weak magnetic field detection have attracted widespread attention recently. In this study, we present a comprehensive response model and propose a modification method of conventional first harmonic response by introducing the second harmonic correction. The proposed modification method gives improvement in dynamic range and reduction of linearity error. Additionally, our modification method shows suppression of response instability caused by optical intensity and frequency fluctuations. An atomic magnetometer with single-beam configuration is built to compare the performance between our proposed method and the conventional method. The results indicate that our method's magnetic field response signal achieves a 5-fold expansion of dynamic range from 2 nT to 10 nT, with the linearity error decreased from 5% to 1%. Under the fluctuations of 5% for optical intensity and ±15 GHz detuning of frequency, the proposed modification method maintains intensity-related instability less than 1% and frequency-related instability less than 8% while the conventional method suffers 15% and 38%, respectively. Our method is promising for future high-sensitive and long-term stable optically pumped atomic sensors.