无序介质激光的方向效应

无序介质激光是由该介质的非周期-类结构与相匹配的泵浦光场相互作用时其整体多重散射的干涉效应产生的.因此其局域模不仅与无序介质被泵浦的功率、面积有关,而且与方向有关.本文以ZnO粉末激光为例,运用传输矩阵的方法计算模拟了其局域模谱的方向效应.     

纳米ZnO粉末中随机激光现象

实验采用三倍频Nd:YAG(波长355 nm，脉宽8ns，频率30Hz) 脉冲激光器作为抽运光源，在ZnO纳米粉末(直径～100 nm)中发现了类似激光现象.并用环形腔理论模拟了ZnO的颗粒密度对平均自由程的影响，从理论上证明在纳秒级激光器的抽运下，ZnO纳米粉末也可以发射激光. 关键词： 类似激光 ZnO纳米粉末 平均自由程     

ZnO粉末激光器激射激光的密度要求

基于相干反馈无序激光理论,以ZnO粉末激光器为例,模拟了光子在无序介质中的行为.发现只有密度达到临界值时才能出射激光;另外,当ZnO散射体密度不断增加时,系统的增益与损耗之比不断变大.系统激射激光变得更容易,以及满足激光激射所需的临界增益系数要求也越来越低,这与实验结果是相符的.     

随机介质ZnO激光的一种整体效应模型

从实验现象出发建立了无序介质激光的一种整体散射效应物理模型，认为无序介质激光是无序介质中局域-非周期-类结构与相匹配的抽运光相互作用的结果.并以ZnO粉末激光参数为例进行数值模拟，结果与实验定性符合. 关键词： 无序增益介质 局域-非周期-类结构     

ZnO纳米柱无序介质中泵浦面积对局域模发射的影响

基于ZnO纳米柱制备及发光实验,建立了ZnO纳米柱的位置和大小都是无序的二维介质结构模型.通过构建增益模型,用时域有限差分法数值模拟了无序介质中频谱特性以及ZnO增益频谱范围内的某一个共振峰对应的波源在无序介质中的光场分布情况,发现了局域模的存在.分四种情况讨论了此局域模的受激辐射与泵浦面积的关系:改变泵浦功率,从左到右依次增加两层ZnO纳米柱泵浦和单独泵浦一个局域区域;泵浦功率一定时,增加泵浦局域区域和非局域区域中ZnO纳米柱个数.结果表明:存在一个临界泵浦功率,当泵浦功率小于临界泵浦功率时,无论泵浦面积多大都不能激发局域模;当泵浦功率大于临界泵浦功率时,对于不同的泵浦功率,局域模被激发所需的临界泵浦面积不同;随着泵浦功率的增加,当泵浦面积一定时,光场相对强度呈递增趋势,当泵浦功率超过临界功率时,光场相对强度急剧上升.     

无序介质中不同模式的激光辐射与散射体密度的关系

以ZnO粉末无序介质激光为例,在介质增益和光场损耗的条件下研究了光子在无序介质中的无规行走行为.在泵浦光强和体积一定的情况下,运用数值模拟研究了不同频率的光受激辐射对散射体密度的要求;得到了不同散射体密度下激光的辐射谱：当散射体密度大于临界密度时才能有激光辐射产生;当散射体密度进一步增大时,辐射谱中出现更高更窄的分离尖锋.     

新型ZnO纳米针的双光子激射特性

室温下采用640nm的飞秒脉冲激光泵浦ZnO纳米针得到双光子诱导的光致发光谱。结合单光子下的研究结果,实验分析了双光子泵浦下样品随着受激能量增强产生的三种紫外发射行为并归结为自由激子自发辐射,激子-激子散射和电子空穴等离子体复合。双光子泵浦下ZnO纳米针的受激阈值是4.82GW/cm2,远小于其他ZnO微纳材料的双光子阈值(TW/cm2)。结果表明:这种新型的ZnO纳米针结构能更有效地产生双光子激射,这在纳米激光器方面将会有很大的应用前景。     

掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的数值分析

本文对976nm激光泵浦掺Yb³⁺双包层光纤激光器进行了数值模拟,分析了泵浦光及激光在光纤中的分布、输出功率与泵浦功率的关系、光纤长度及腔镜反射率对输出激光功率的影响,所得结论与实验现象基本一致.     

ZnO纳米柱无序介质中泵浦面积对局域模发射的影响

基于ZnO纳米柱制备及发光实验,建立了ZnO纳米柱的位置和大小都是无序的二维介质结构模型.通过构建增益模型,用时域有限差分法数值模拟了无序介质中频谱特性以及ZnO增益频谱范围内的某一个共振峰对应的波源在无序介质中的光场分布情况,发现了局域模的存在.分四种情况讨论了此局域模的受激辐射与泵浦面积的关系:改变泵浦功率,从左到...     

强泵浦下掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器输出特性数值分析和实验研究

对强泵浦下线形腔掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器输出特性进行了理论和实验研究。通过数值模拟,分析了泵浦光及激光在光纤中的分布、输出功率与泵浦功率的关系、光纤长度及腔镜反射率对激光输出功率的影响。在实验中,利用D型掺Yb3+双包层光纤获得了输出功率10 6W的光纤激光输出,斜率效率达86%。测量了在不同输出耦合条件下的输出功率、阈值泵浦功率和斜率效率,理论分析与实验结果基本一致,为进一步提高光纤激光器功率提供了理论和实验依据。     

A comparative evaluation of the photocatalytic and optical properties of nanoparticulate ZnO synthesised by mechanochemical processing

In this study, mechanochemical processing has been used to manufacture a nanoparticulate powder of ZnO with a controlled particle size and minimal hard agglomeration. The suitability of this ZnO powder for use as either a photocatalyst or an optically transparent UV-filter was evaluated by comparing its optical and photocatalytic properties with those of three commercially available powders that were synthesised by chemical precipitation and flame pyrolysis. The ZnO powder synthesised by mechanochemical processing was found to exhibit high optical transparency and low photocatalytic activity per unit of surface area, which indicates that it is suitable for use in optically transparent UV-filters.

     

球形ZnO的微波辅助合成及光谱研究

以Zn(NO₃)₂为原料,CO(NH₂)2为沉淀剂,加入表面活性剂甲基丙烯酸甲酯,经微波加热制备获得颗粒尺度为亚微米级的ZnO.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)研究了制备条件对样品结构、形貌的作用;PL方法讨论了其荧光发光光谱.发现采用微波加热法获得的ZnO呈球形,尺度在100nm左右,相比较,传统高温加热获得的样品呈c轴优先取向的短棒状.讨论认为,由于微波辅助方法能够使前驱物温度梯度变化小,表面Zn²⁺,O²⁺析出均匀,因此有助于获得球形的粉末粒子.     

Sonocatalytic degradation of some dyestuffs and comparison of catalytic activities of nano-sized TiO2, nano-sized ZnO and composite TiO2/ZnO powders under ultrasonic irradiation

Here, a novel sonocatalyst, composite TiO2/ZnO powder, was prepared through the combination of nano-sized TiO2 and ZnO powders. Because of the appropriate adsorbability to organic pollutants and special crystal interphase between TiO2 and ZnO particles, the composite TiO2/ZnO powder exhibits a high sonocatalytic activity under ultrasonic irradiation during the degradation of acid red B. Especially, the sonocatalytic activity of composite TiO2/ZnO powder with 4:1 molar proportion treated at 500 degrees C for 50 min showed obvious improvement compared with pure nano-sized TiO2 and ZnO powders. When the experimental conditions such as 10mg/L acid red B concentration, 1.0 g/L catalyst addition amount, pH=7.0, 20 degrees C system temperature, 100 min ultrasonic time and 50 mL total volume were adopted, the satisfactory degradation ratio and rate were obtained. All experiments indicate that the sonocatalytic method using composite TiO2/ZnO powder may be a more advisable choice for the treatments of non- or low-transparent organic wastewaters in future.     

Sonocatalytic degradation of acid red B and rhodamine B catalyzed by nano-sized ZnO powder under ultrasonic irradiation

Nano-sized ZnO powder was introduced to act as the sonocatalyst after the treatment of high-temperature activation, and the ultrasound of low power was used as an irradiation source to induce nano-sized ZnO powder performing sonocatalytic degradation of acid red B and rhodamine B. At the same time, the effects of operational parameters such as solution pH value, initial concentration of dyestuff and addition amount of nano-sized ZnO powder have been examined in this paper. We found that the degradation ratios of acid red B and rhodamine B in the presence of nano-sized ZnO powder were much higher than that with only ultrasonic irradiation. However, the degradation ratio of acid red B was about two times higher than that of rhodamine B for the initial concentration of 10.0 mg/L, addition amount of 1.0 g/L nano-sized ZnO powder, solution acidity of pH 7.0 and 60 min irradiation experimental condition. The difference of the degradation ratios can be illustrated by the difference of chemical forms of acid red B and rhodamine B in aqueous solution and the surface properties of nano-sized ZnO particles. In addition, the researches on the kinetics of sonocatalytic reactions of acid red B and rhodamine B have also been performed and found to the follow pseudo first-order kinetics. All the experiments indicated that the sonocatalytic method in the presence of nano-sized ZnO powder was an advisable choice for the treatments of non- or low-transparent organic wastewaters in future.     

Preparation of ZnO nanopowders by thermal plasma and characterization of photo-catalytic property

Nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) powders were prepared via a thermal plasma process from micro-sized zinc powder while oxygen was employed as a reaction gas. Two different carrier gases, oxygen and argon, were evaluated and the flow rate of the reaction gas was controlled. The photo-catalytic activities of ZnO powders were evaluated by measuring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water under the UV and visible region. The prevailing goal of this study is to improve the photo-catalytic activity of nano-sized ZnO powders for the removal of environmental pollutants. The ZnO nanopowders were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, and UV-vis spectrometry. Their mean crystallites sizes ranged from 26.5 nm to 48.6 nm. It was confirmed by a XRD analysis that the ZnO nanopowders had a high quality wurtzite structure. SEM and XRD results show that the size of the particles synthesized increased with an increase of the flow rate of the oxygen reaction gas. The powder obtained using the argon carrier gas with higher oxygen reaction gas flow rate was more rod-shape. The MB decomposition rates of the obtained ZnO nanopowders were studied under the UV and visible region. In the UV region, synthesized ZnO could decompose MB as well as commercial ZnO. However, in the visible region, the MB decomposition rate obtained using ZnO was much higher than that by commercial ZnO.     

Fabrication of ZnO nanowires through thermal heating of metallic Zn by solar energy

ZnO nanowires were synthesized in a short time of a few seconds through a simple thermal evaporation of Zn powder using solar energy under air atmosphere. The Zn powder was heated by focusing sunlight on the Zn powder employing a magnifying lens. This strategy heated Zn to its evaporation temperature resulting in its oxidation in air. This procedure formed ZnO nanowires of ∼10 nm diameter and ∼2 μm length. As only Zn powder without any catalysts was used as the source material, it is suggested that the growth of the nanowires occurs through a vapor-solid mechanism. The cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum from such ZnO nanowires showed strong ultraviolet emission indicating their highly crystalline quality besides good optical properties.     

Control of the shell structure of ZnO–ZnS core-shell structure

Nanostructured ZnO–ZnS core-shell powders were synthesized through a solution method using a thioacetamide (TAA) solution in deionized water. ZnO powder and TAA solution were employed to supply zinc and sulfur ions to form the ZnO–ZnS core-shell structures. The structure of the ZnS shell was strongly affected by the mole concentration of the TAA, and the structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties of the nanostructured powders were also compared with those of pure ZnO powder. The ultraviolet (UV) emission was greatly enhanced compared to when pure ZnO powder was used in the nanostructured powder synthesized using the 0.5 M TAA solution, while the UV emission of that with the 0.05 M TAA solution was reduced. The green emission of the nanostructured powders was reduced compared to when the pure ZnO powder was used. The mechanism of the structural changes in the core-shell structures is proposed here and its effect on the luminescent properties is discussed.     

Highly oriented electrospun polycaprolactone micro/nanofibers prepared by a field-controllable electrode and rotating collector

Novel ZnO tetrapod-shaped nanostructures with pearl-necklace-shaped arms were successfully synthesized using mixture of Zn, ZnO, and carbon powder as source. The definite supersaturation ratio provided by Zn, ZnO, and carbon powder was considered as the crucial factor of determining the formation of this kind of structure, and a negative feedback growth model combined with octahedral nucleation mechanism was proposed. Two other comparative experiments were also conducted to study the growth behavior of reagent species under different supersaturation ratios. Our experiments provided a beneficial experimental exploration in controlled growth of nanostructures through modulating supersaturation ratio by source, and these obtained novel nanostructures were also expected to have potential application as functional blocks in nanodevices. Furthermore, the study of photoluminescence indicated that the physical properties were strongly dependent on the crystal structure.     

Dominant ultraviolet-blue photoluminescence of ZnO embedded into synthetic opal

The temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) embedded into the voids of synthetic opal were studied. ZnO was infiltrated into opal from aqueous solution with zinc nitrate precursor followed by thermal annealing. The PL spectra of the ZnO powder exhibit very high and broad emission peaks in the green region due to crystal defects, such as oxygen vacancies and zinc ion interstitials. In contrast to the PL spectra of ZnO powder, nanocrystals of ZnO embedded into the voids of FCC packed opal matrix exhibit dominant ultraviolet (UV)-blue and rapidly decreasing green PL emissions with decreasing temperature. The temperature-dependent PL characteristics show that the green band suppression in the ZnO nanocrystals is due to the influence of photonic crystal. The infiltration of nanoparticles into synthetic opal may be used for the fabrication of polycrystalline ZnO with dominant UV-blue PL. These results indicate that the luminescent materials embedded into photonic crystal may be promising for the fabrication of the RGB pixels in full-color displays.     

Er~(3+)/Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂BaGa2ZnO5粉末的上转换发光

对Er~(3+)/Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂BaGa_2ZnO5粉末的上转换发光特性进行了研究。首先,通过不同的制备工艺研究了BaGa2ZnO5粉末的生成条件。XRD分析表明,由于ZnO的高温分解,必须密封烧结并增加ZnO用量才能制备出BaGa2ZnO5。其次,测量了Er~(3+)/Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂BaGa2ZnO5粉末在980nmLD激发下的上转换发射光谱,发现存在8个较强上转换发射峰,其中480nm和798nm对应于Tm~(3+)离子能级跃迁,其他上转换峰对应于Er~(3+)离子能级跃迁。另外,测量了980nmLD不同激发功率对应的上转换发射峰强度,并根据激发功率-上转换强度曲线拟合得到了各发射峰对应的多光子吸收过程。最后,根据上转换发射光谱和CIE1931标准数据计算了样品粉末的色坐标为(x=0.4151,y=0.4794) ,比较接近白光色坐标,说明所制备的粉末样品具有产生上转换白光的前景。