重离子碰撞中的横向非对称流与多粒子方位角关联

非对心重离子碰撞中,横向非对称核物质流的存在引起了末态的多粒子方位角关联.对600A MeV Au+Au碰撞的QMD模拟数据分析表明,不同事件中侧向流与椭圆流在横向上的夹角存在明显的涨落,多粒子方位角关联揭示了相互作用区域核物质运动的空间–动量相关性.椭圆流对碰撞系统的演化过程反映敏感,在中间快度区域,不同事件中椭圆流的差别与反应过程中粒子经历再散射的情况有关.     

高能重离子碰撞中的集体流与空间-动量关联

高能重离子碰撞中,末态粒子的侧向流与椭圆流间存在方位角集体关联,该关联对反应中集体流的性质反映敏感.碰撞时,系统在坐标空间的演化与动量空间的演化过程相互影响,表现出明显的空间-动量关联.不同事件中椭圆流形式的差别与此空间-动量关联有关,反映了系统演化过程的涨落.     

RHIC能区Au+Au碰撞中椭圆流的横半径依赖

用RQMD模型模拟了质心系束能量为s_NN=200GeV的Au+Au非对心碰撞, 研究了椭圆流对末态粒子冻出位置的关系. 研究表明, 随着冻出半径的增加, 椭圆流逐渐增强, 在源的初始表面处达到最大值, 随着冻出半径的继续增加, 椭圆流逐渐减小. 椭圆流的这种变化趋势反映了随着半径的增加, 压力梯度在各个方向上不同的变化. 本文提出了利用平均径向速度分析压力梯度的方法.     

兰州CSR能区238U238U碰撞椭圆流模拟研究

用相对论输运模型模拟了束流动能为520MeV/u的²³⁸U＋²³⁸U碰撞实验. 研究了在两种极端对撞方位的UU碰撞中, 末态核子和π介子椭圆流v₂与碰撞参数、快度以及横动量的依赖关系. 研究表明, 由于挤压(squeeze-out)效应, 末态核子和π具有负的椭圆流; 体-体UU中心碰撞事件具有最大初始坐标空间形变, 因而具有最大的负的椭圆流, 约12%; 在最小无偏事件样本下, 体-体和头-头碰撞, 中央快度平台上的核子椭圆流大小相当, 而前者π椭圆流略大于后者; 在中央快度平台, 低横动量核子和π主要由反应后期Δ衰变得到, 而高横动量主要是参与核子再散射生成, 因而在低横动量区它们具有相似的流, 而在较高横动量区(>0.3GeV/c)由于旁观核子的再散射和吸收效应, 它们的椭圆流有明显压低.     

高能重离子碰撞中末态粒子分布的非对称性

对Bevalac1.2A GeV Au+Au碰撞实验,根据以流方向为z轴的质心坐标系中末态粒子方位角分布的非对称性为极小的条件,确定了事件中五种质量范围(A=1,2,3,4,5-8)末态粒子的集合侧向流流角.在以流方向为z轴的质心坐标系中研究了不同质量末态粒子极角分布,结果表明质量越大的粒子在流方向分布得越集中,侧向流的“流”值越大.     

动量相关势对直接流和椭圆流的影响

利用极端相对论量子分子动力学(UrQMD)模型,研究了两种不同强度的动量相关势对中子、质子、氢同位素和带电荷粒子等四种粒子直接流和椭圆流的影响.计算结果表明,在不可压缩系数K0一定的情况下,直接流几乎不敏感于动量相关势的变化,而高动量粒子的椭圆流v2则敏感于高动量处动量相关势强度的大小及其动量依赖.考虑高动能区强度较强...     

超相对论Au+Au碰撞中椭圆流的时间依赖

用相对论量子分子动力学(RQMD)模型模拟了质心系束能量为s_NN=200GeV的Au+Au非对心碰撞, 研究了椭圆流对末态粒子冻出时间的关系. 研究了在不同的阶段, 椭圆流对末态粒子位置的关系. 结果表明椭圆流随冻出时间的单调递减, 椭圆流对横向半径的关系随冻出时间发生变化. 用压力梯度对所得结果进行了分析. 径向速度用来表征压力梯度.     

质子椭圆流与对称能的密度依赖性

基于同位旋和动量依赖的强子输运IBUU04模型, 研究了¹³²Sn+¹²⁴Sn碰撞系统中的质子椭圆流对对称能的敏感关系. 研究发现入射能量从每核子400MeV到800MeV时质子椭圆流在低横动量端对对称能的敏感性高于高横动量端, 同时发现随着入射能量的增大, 质子椭圆流对对称能的敏感性在降低. 在研究入射能量范围内, 当入射能量为每核子400MeV左右时质子椭圆流对对称能最为敏感.     

中能重离子反应中的在平面流和椭圆流

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型研究了⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca系统在能量从30MeV/u到150MeV/u的在平面流和椭圆流.发现随着入射能量的增加,在平面流出现从负到正的跃迁,而椭圆流则随入射能量的增大而减少并且出现从正到负的跃迁.椭圆流和在平面流对于入射能量和碰撞参数较为敏感,相反对于对称能和核态方程却不太敏感.最后对于不同质量的碎块的依赖性关系我们还作了进一步仔细的研究.     

RHIC束流能量扫描实验中正反粒子椭圆流的平均场势效应（英文）

最近,STAR合作体在相对论重离子对撞机的束流能量扫描实验中观测到了正反粒子的椭圆流劈裂。基于输运模型,发现丰重子介质中正反粒子平均场势的不同可以解释其椭圆流的劈裂。利用Nambu-Jona-Lasinio模型描述相对论重离子碰撞的部分子相,发现实验中正反粒子的相对椭圆流劈裂可以用来约束该模型中夸克矢量相互作用的耦合系数。这一发现对确定QCD相图的临界点位置和理解整个QCD的相结构有重要意义。     

Eccentricity and elliptic flow in proton-proton collisions from parton evolution

It has been argued that high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at the LHC may exhibit collective phenomena usually studied in the context of heavy-ion collisions, such as elliptic flow. We study this issue using DIPSY—a Monte Carlo event generator based on the QCD dipole model. We calculate the eccentricity of the transverse area defined by the spatial distribution of produced gluons. The resulting elliptic flow is estimated to be about 6%, comparable to the value in nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and the LHC. Experimentally, elliptic flow is inferred from the azimuthal correlation between hadrons, which receives contributions from collective flow, and from various other effects referred to as “nonflow”. We discuss how to identify in experiments the signal of flow in the presence of large nonflow effects.     

Azimuthal correlations between directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions

A method for investigating the azimuthal correlations between directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions is described.The transverse anisotropy of particle emission at AGS energies is investigated within the RQMD model.It is found that the azimuthal correlations between directed and elliptic flow are sensitive to the incident energy and impact parameter.The fluctuations in the initial stage and dynamical evolution of heavy ion collisions are not negligible.     

Azimuthal correlations between directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions

A method for investigating the azimuthal correlations between directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions is described. The transverse anisotropy of particle emission at AGS energies is investigated within the RQMD model. It is found that the azimuthal correlations between directed and elliptic flow are sensitive to the incident energy and impact parameter. The fluctuations in the     

Elliptic flow studies using the CMS detector

The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in heavy ion collisions is an important probe of quark-gluon plasma evolution at early stages. The nuclear reaction plane can be determined independently by different detector subsystems and using different analysis methods. This paper reports the capability of the CMS detector at the LHC to reconstruct the reaction plane of the collision and to me asure elliptic flow with calorimetry and a tracking system. The analysis is based on a full CMS detector simulation of Pb + Pb events with the HYDJET event generator.     

Effects of final state interactions on charge separation in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Charge separation is an important consequence of the Chiral Magnetic Effect. Within the framework of a Multi-Phase Transport model, the effects of final state interactions on initial charge separation are studied. We demonstrate that charge separation can be significantly reduced by the evolution of the Quark–Gluon Plasma produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Hadronization and resonance decay can also affect charge separation. Moreover, our results show that the Chiral Magnetic Effect leads to the modification of the relation between the charge azimuthal correlation and the elliptic flow that is expected from transverse momentum conservation only. The transverse momentum and pseudorapidity dependences and the effects of background on the charge azimuthal correlation are also discussed.     

Elliptical flows in Reggeon theory

A new mechanism for the generation of an azimuthal anisotropy of particles produced in heavy-ion collisions is analyzed. An analysis is performed within Reggeon theory and is general. The resulting effect can be interpreted in terms of the partonic structure of a fast nucleus. This mechanismcan contribute significantly to the observed value of the elliptic flow υ ₂. The dynamics in question differs significantly from a standard mechanism of the collective motion of a hadron medium after a collision.

     

ATLAS potential for elliptic flow measurements in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC

Study of particle azimuthal anisotropies, quantified by coefficients of the Fourier decomposition of the azimuthal angle distributions, has emerged as an important tool to probe the early stages of nucleusnucleus collisions. In this paper the ATLAS capability of measuring elliptic flow, the second Fourier coefficient, is presented. It is shown that various analysis techniques can be applied for different combinations of the detector sub-systems. A systematic comparison of various analysis methods is also shown.