Inherent spectral distortions in pump-probe Brillouin scattering spectroscopy

It is shown that the pump-probe technique in Brillouin scattering spectroscopy is accompanied by two specific distortions to a registered spectrum. The first appears due to an acoustic wave that unavoidably accompanies in a continuous medium the density wave driven by the pump and probe signals. The registered spectrum then splits to two spectral components, one corresponding to the propagation velocity of the driven density wave, and the other to the acoustic velocity. The other distortion is asymmetry of the spectrum which is shown to occur when the velocity of the driven density wave is greater than the acoustic velocity in the medium.     

The phase statistics of a multichannel radar interferometer

The analysis in this paper is concerned with the problem of determining the phase statistics of the output of a multichannel coherent radar interferometer. The 2N channels of the radar consist of the outputs from N pairs of antennae. Each antenna receives a random electromagnetic wave field which has circular normal first-order statistics with an arbitrary coherence function. Each antenna in each pair receives a wave at a different time, the time difference Δt between each antenna in each pair being the same for all pairs. The signals received by each pair are independent. The signals from each pair are combined to give G(t, Δt)=Σ_k=1^N S_k(t) S_k*(t+Δt) where, for example, the signals from each antenna in the kth pair are S_k(t) and S_k(t+Δt).

The probability density function of the modulus and phase of G(t, Δt) is worked out. The joint density is shown to be a type of generalized K distribution, and the phase distribution is shown to be a hypergeometric function. The results show that it is possible to measure the phase of the coherence function of an electromagnetic wave field scattered from a randomly moving extended object (such as the ocean surface) using such a multichannel radar. This phase is related to asymmetry of the Doppler power spectrum. Furthermore, if this asymmetry is a result of surface currents on the ocean interacting with the surface waves which cause the electromagnetic scattering, then the surface currents may be measured in some sense.     

Shear Wave Field Radiated by an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer

The horizontally polarized ultrasonic shear wave field emitted by an electromagnetic acoustic transducer （EMAT） is studied by the surface force distribution on the EMAT approximately described as an inhomogeneous horizontal shear force. The shear wave directivity pattern is plotted by numerical calculations based on our strictly analytic solutions of the wave field we presented previously. An experimental system of EMAT generation and piezoelectric transducer reception is set up to check the predictions of the theoretical wave field by measuring the ultrasonic signals through aluminium block. The directivity pattern of the wave field obtained from the experimental results conforms the theoretical prediction, which lays a foundation for engineering applications of EMATs.     

Numerical simulation of quasisurface magnetostatic waves in a ferrite film with two magnetic channels

Quasisurface magnetostatic waves propagating in a ferrite film along two magnetized channels are simulated numerically. It is shown that the interaction between the channels is manifested differently, depending on the wavelength. In the long-wavelength region the interaction between the channels has a distributed character; in the short-wavelength region the interaction between the channels appears as if it takes place at their boundary. The magnetized region of the ferrite film between the channels behaves both as a conductor of the alternating field and as a medium with eigenmodes, so that under certain conditions the waveguide can be transformed into a three-channel structure. The dispersion curves of the magnetostatic wave modes of a two-channel waveguide lie in zones bounded by the dispersion curves of the corresponding modes of a one-channel waveguide of double width. As the gap between the channels increases, the dispersion curves of the odd modes shift toward shorter wavelengths, and those of the even modes shift toward longer wavelengths. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 91–96 (February 1998)     

神经元网络螺旋波诱发机理研究

实验研究发现大脑皮层电活动和信号传播有类似螺旋波的特征.本文利用包含离子通道效应的Hodgkin-Huxley神经元构造规则网络来研究螺旋波的形成机理,利用缺陷阻挡行波的方法在神经元网络中诱导到不同周期的螺旋波,分析了螺旋波产生条件和耦合强度对螺旋波的影响.同时,对脑皮层中螺旋波形成的机理进行了讨论.     

基于麦克斯韦方程的交变电流长螺线管磁场

为了分析方波驱动长螺线管内磁场畸变机理,利用麦克斯韦方程研究了螺线管内外的磁场分布情况。首先,利用麦克斯韦方程,分别建立了正弦波驱动螺线管内外电场、磁场模型,并结合安培环路定律和电磁感应定律选取了合适的边界条件,得到了正弦波驱动长螺线管的磁场分布;其次,通过傅里叶变换将方波信号变换为多个正弦信号叠加的形式,从而得到了方波驱动长螺线管磁场分布;最后,通过仿真试验重点分析了方波驱动信号频率对磁场的影响,并得出结论:方波驱动长螺线管磁场波形会失真、畸变,驱动信号频率较低、距离螺线管轴线距离较近处,磁场的方波特性较好。     

Frequency-wavenumber domain analysis of guided wavefields

Full wavefield measurements obtained with either an air-coupled transducer mounted on a scanning stage or a scanning laser vibrometer can be combined with effective signal and imaging processing algorithms to support characterization of guided waves as well as detection, localization and quantification of structural damage. These wavefield images contain a wealth of information that clearly shows details of guided waves as they propagate outward from the source, reflect from specimen boundaries, and scatter from discontinuities within the structure. The analysis of weaker scattered waves is facilitated by the removal of source waves and the separation of wave modes, which is effectively achieved via frequency-wavenumber domain filtering in conjunction with the subsequent analysis of the resulting residual signals. Incident wave removal highlights the presence and the location of weak scatterers, while the separation of individual guided wave modes allows the characterization of their separate contribution to the scattered field and the evaluation of mode conversion phenomena. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated through their application to detection of a delamination in a composite plate and detection of a crack emanating from a hole.     

基于动电效应的震电测井方法研究进展*

与双电层和孔隙流体渗流有关的声波-电磁场耦合效应(动电耦合波)在油气储层勘探、地震电磁场等领域有着潜在应用价值。该文简述动电耦合波在理论模型以及井孔动电耦合波的实验测量、模拟计算方面的研究进展,并对油气储层测井领域进一步的动电耦合波研究进行了展望。基于动电信号的探测方法同时接收声波和电磁场两类信号,可避免单一类别信号方法的不足。实验获得了岩心的动电耦合系数,但其表征的孔隙岩石物理性质还有待进一步认识。基于耦合控制方程,开展了震电波场的计算和分析。结果表明,声源激发后,可接收到伴随声波的电磁信号和早于声波的电磁首波。这两类信号都既对影响声波特性的岩石模量、孔隙度和渗透率等参数敏感,又与电导率等岩石电学性质密切相关。非饱和岩石动电耦合波理论和基于动电耦合波的参数反演方法等问题有待进一步研究。     

The phase statistics of a multichannel radar interferometer

Abstract

The analysis in this paper is concerned with the problem of determining the phase statistics of the output of a multichannel coherent radar interferometer. The 2N channels of the radar consist of the outputs from N pairs of antennae. Each antenna receives a random electromagnetic wave field which has circular normal first-order statistics with an arbitrary coherence function. Each antenna in each pair receives a wave at a different time, the time difference Δt between each antenna in each pair being the same for all pairs. The signals received by each pair are independent. The signals from each pair are combined to give G(t, Δt)=Σ_k=1 ^N S_k(t) S_k*(t+Δt) where, for example, the signals from each antenna in the kth pair are S_k(t) and S_k(t+Δt).

The probability density function of the modulus and phase of G(t, Δt) is worked out. The joint density is shown to be a type of generalized K distribution, and the phase distribution is shown to be a hypergeometric function. The results show that it is possible to measure the phase of the coherence function of an electromagnetic wave field scattered from a randomly moving extended object (such as the ocean surface) using such a multichannel radar. This phase is related to asymmetry of the Doppler power spectrum. Furthermore, if this asymmetry is a result of surface currents on the ocean interacting with the surface waves which cause the electromagnetic scattering, then the surface currents may be measured in some sense.     

爆炸信号中气泡脉动去除方法及其应用

水下爆炸声源激发的声信号包括冲击波和气泡脉动,气泡脉动严重干扰冲击波的传播特性。当气泡脉动的幅度小于冲击波的幅度时,通过对此类混合爆炸信号进行复倒谱分析,提出了基于卷积型的爆炸信号模型的同态解卷积气泡脉动去除方法,其中,针对同态滤波系统中通常采用的“梳状”滤波器会在倒谱的尖峰处产生不连续点的问题,采用了对尖峰附近的采样点进行多项式函数拟合,并根据拟合函数对尖峰采样点插值的改进型滤波方法。数值仿真和实验信号的处理及分析表明,应用该方法可以明显消除爆炸信号自相关曲线中由气泡脉动造成的对称次尖峰,并在信号的时频分布图中再现冲击波的简正波特性。这为进一步利用爆炸声源研究海洋信道的声传递函数和反演海洋环境参数提供了技术途径。      

Low-frequency horizontal acoustic refraction caused by internal wave solitons in a shallow sea

The effect of internal wave solitons on the sound field generated by a point source in a shallow sea is considered. In the framework of the theory of “horizontal rays and vertical modes,” the sound field pattern governed by the aforementioned hydrodynamic effect is investigated. It is shown that solitons can induce time-periodic focusing and defocusing of horizontal rays propagating at shallow angles to the internal wave front. This may result in the formation of “dynamical” horizontal sound channels, which, in its turn, results in considerable temporal fluctuations of the field along the acoustic track oriented along the internal wave front. For the sound field calculations, an approach is developed on the basis of the parabolic approximation in the horizontal plane and the mode representation in the vertical direction. The results obtained can be used for remote monitoring of internal wave packets in a shallow sea.     

基于循环前缀相关性的水声OFDM信号调制识别方法*

本文研究水声OFDM通信信号与常见单载波水声数字通信信号(MPSK,MFSK)之间的调制识别问题。考虑到水声信道复杂传播特性对循环前缀相关性的影响,本文通过截取信号前后片段并迭代搜索双相关峰进行无需先验知识的水声OFDM通信信号特征参数提取,在此基础上设计了一种基于模糊系统的水声OFDM通信信号识别器。对不同信道条件下海上实录信号数据的识别实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性。     

纳秒脉冲下变压器油中闪络光信号特性

 对变压器油中闪络过程的光信号特性进行了分析。在预闪络阶段,光信号呈现出脉宽为2~4 ns,幅值为30~50 mV的不规则脉冲;临近闪络阶段,光信号频率更高,脉宽为1/2~1/3 ns,最高幅值也增长到约70 mV;在闪络阶段,光信号波形呈现出1个波峰或者2个波峰的形状,幅值差异显著。光信号的形状预示了闪络中流注通道的发展过程及流注通道中粒子的变化。分析表明：光电离是纳秒脉冲下变压器油中闪络的重要因素。     

光栅莫尔条纹信号的细分与辩向新技术

本文提出了一种新的莫尔条纹数字化细分技术 ,即采用新的数字信号处理方法 ,利用 CPU的信号处理能力 ,将读数头输出的两路正弦信号经过硬件辩向电路形成每四分之一周期的正反转中断信号 ,并在中断服务程序中进行角度的加减运算 ,实现莫尔条纹的四细分。同时对这两路信号进行新的构建 ,通过 CPU及 A/ D转换器 ,采用软件编程的方法形成一三角波线性函数 ,并采用新颖的细分算法进行二十细分 ,最终实现莫尔条纹的八十细分 ,角度测量的分辨力可达 1     

A diagnostic tool for the study of stochastic properties of density striations excited by powerful electromagnetic waves in the ionospheric plasma

Powerful electromagnetic waves illuminating the ionospheric plasma generate small-scale density irregularities elongated in the direction of the geomagnetic field. Stochastic motion of these irregularities results in fluctuations of HF radio signals backscattered by the illuminated region. Observations of the full wave form of the radio signals make it possible to reconstruct the distribution function of the irregularities over their velocities. An experiment with such a reconstruction is proposed.     

Wave number-frequency spectrum of turbulent pressure fluctuations: Methods of measurement and results

The methods proposed earlier for measuring the wave number-frequency spectrum of wall pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary layer are considered: the spatial filtering of the pressure field components by special-purpose transducers (wave filters) and the digital processing of signals obtained from an array of transducers. It is shown that, for the wave filters, transducers with a rectangular shape of sensitive surface rather than those with a circular one are necessary. Results of measuring the wave number-frequency spectrum of turbulent pressure fluctuations in a low-noise wind tunnel are presented. The measurements are performed with the use of four wave filters consisting of rectangular transducers with a constant sensitivity distribution over their surfaces. The mathematical model of the wave number-frequency spectrum proposed earlier by the authors is compared with the measurement data reported by Abraham and Keith. The model is used for processing the results of measurements in the wind tunnel. The measured spectra are compared with the data obtained by Martin and Leehey.     

利用象增强器构成光电相关鉴相器面阵的研究

本文介绍了利用阴极可控的微通道板象增强器构成面阵型光电相关鉴相器的原理,采用了方波与正弦波相关的方案,在微通道板象增强器的光电阴极加上方波门控电压,把它作为参考信号,测量具有相位差的同频正弦波光信号,研究了它的一些基本特性,给出了这种面型鉴相器的潜在应用.     

ICF实验软X射线能谱仪对辐射能流时间关联测量的时标系统

介绍了时标系统的构成、原理和数据处理方法,并对时间关联的不确定度进行了分析.该时标系统成功将软X射线能谱仪 自身多个探测通道的信号以及三台不同位置处的谱仪的时间信号关联起来,关联精度约为70 ps.在神光III原型激光装置上进行的实验中用软X射线能谱仪从不同方向测得辐射源和辐射输运管末端口辐射能流随时间的演化曲线,反映了输运管内热波沿轴向传输以及软X射线辐射流衰减的物理过程.