双稳液晶电光调制器

本文介绍了一种新的液晶混合双稳光学装置(LCBOD),观察到了液晶BOD两种运用方式的光学双稳态,描述了液晶BOD在光学逻辑元件和超线性调制上的应用,还研究了液晶BOD的瞬态响应,观察到了“临界延迟”现象,测量了开关时间,实验结果与Garmire的理论相符。 关键词：     

Polarization insensitive homodyne detection of optical phase modulation by two-wave mixing in saturable Er-doped fiber

We report linear polarization-insensitive detection of optical phase modulation in an adaptive interferometer based on transient two-wave mixing via dynamic population gratings in saturable Er-doped fiber (EDF). The proposed simple and robust configuration has an all-fiber design based on commercially available elements which makes it promising for applications in optical fiber interferometric sensors and coherent optical communication systems. The experimentally investigated single-mode polarization-maintaining EDF arrangement operated at 1492 nm and demonstrated efficient compensation of the polarization drifts below 100 Hz.     

Theoretical analysis of the radiation effect on the transient behavior of optoelectronic integrated devices

Theoretical analysis of the radiation effect on transient behavior of an optoelectronic integrated device composed of a heterojunction phototransistor and a light emitting diode is studied theoretically. First, the transient behavior and the rise time of this device before radiation are investigated based on the frequency response of the constituent devices and the optical feedback inside the device. Second, the effect of neutron irradiation flux on the transient behavior of this device is theoretically studied. The results show that, by increasing the optical feedback inside the device, the rise time in the amplification mode is increased along with an increasing output, while that in the switching mode can be reduced effectively, and the neutron irradiation reduces the transient response and the rise time in both the amplification and switching modes. This type of model can be exploited as optical amplifier, optical switching device, and other applications.     

Novel optical devices based on the tunable refractive index of magnetic fluid and their characteristics

As a new type of functional material, magnetic fluid (MF) is a stable colloid of magnetic nanoparticles, dressed with surfactant and dispersed in the carrier liquid uniformly. The MF has many unique optical properties, and the most important one is its tunable refractive index property. This paper summarizes the properties of the MF refractive index and the related optical devices. The refractive index can be easily controlled by external magnetic field, temperature, and so on. But the tunable refractive index of MF has a relaxation effect. As a result, the response time is more than milliseconds and the MF is only suitable for low speed environment. Compared with the traditional optical devices, the magnetic fluid based optical devices have the tuning ability. Compared with the tunable optical devices (the electro-optic devices (LiNbO₃) of more than 10 GHz modulation speed, acoustic-optic devices (Ge) of more than 20 MHz modulation speed), the speed of the magnetic fluid based optical devices is low. Now there are many applications of magnetic fluid based on the refractive index in the field of optical information communication and sensing technology, such as tunable beam splitter, optical-fiber modulator, tunable optical gratings, tunable optical filter, optical logic device, tunable interferometer, and electromagnetic sensor. With the development of the research and application of magnetic fluid,a new method, structure and material to improve the response time can be found, which will play an important role in the fields of optical information communication and sensing technology.     

Organic materials in future integrated optoelectronic circuits

During the last two decades, lithium niobate has been extensively studied for applications in integrated optical circuits. However, it is difficult to integrate lithium niobate optical devices with semiconductor electronic devices because the materials are incompatible. In recent years, semiconductor materials have been emerging as the main contenders in applications; these materials have the advantage of allowing both optical and electronic devices to be integrated. Further, the semiconductor technology has advanced rapidly, allowing us to engineer device parameters very precisely. In semiconductor optoelectronic devices, that is, bulk and quantum well structures, electroabsorption has mainly been used for amplitude modulation of light. The electrorefraction effect is the most useful for devices employing phase-modulation techniques, but this effect cannot be effectively utilized in semiconductors since the strongest electrorefraction effect is near the absorption edge of the material. Recently, organic materials have been shown to have electro-optic coefficients equal to or larger than that of lithium niobate. There are major advantages of organic materials: (1) the organics can be deposited on semiconductor substrates, and therefore both electronic and optical circuits can be integrated; (2) in organic materials the electrorefraction can be effectively utilized to obtain both amplitude and phase modulation; (3) the organic material composition can be adjusted to satisfy some device requirements. In this paper, a comparison of these material systems are made in terms of device applications.     

Multi-channel light modulation based on the attenuation total reflection

Multi-channel light modulation, which is based on the attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration, is proposed in this paper. The device consists of a prism and a polymer optical waveguide. Guided modes which give rise to the resonance dips in the ATR spectrum are employed to act as the modulation channels. Double channel's modulation with the same modulation signal has been demonstrated in the proposed device.     

Steering light into logic patterns with two-dimensional cascaded multimode waveguide

Steering light into logic patterns with two-dimensional cascaded multimode waveguide is demonstrated. By employing the imaging properties of 2D multimode interference (MMI) and partial phase modulation method, the design ideas and the implementing methods of the 2^(2×2) bits type spatial logic steering are discussed; therefore the structure of logical pattern is proposed. Numerical simulation is carried out to verify the design in detail by using the beam propagation method. It is expected to realize logic coders by using the integrated optical methods and exploit their potential applications in the field of optical logic.     

Lead-insensitive fiber optic pH sensor and performance under bending

We have designed and tested a lead-insensitive fiber optic pH sensor that is based on the absorption of an indicator dye immobilized in a polymer bead. The fiber optic pH sensor uses two wavelengths; one senses the change in absorption of the indicator dye and the other provides a reference signal. In a view to desired time modulation and the dual wavelength time division multiplexing, we used light emitting diodes for sources, a phototransistor for the detector, and electronics process the detected signal. The sensor has demonstrated fast response, repeatable calibration, reversibility, and stability. This inexpensive device may also be used during bending of the optical fiber for applications in the field.     

基于SOA的环形腔激光器在全光信号处理中的应用

半导体光放大器（SOA）因其具有良好的光光互作用特性,包括交叉增益调制、交叉相位调制、交叉偏振调制以及四波混频等,在全光信号处理技术中已经获得了广泛的应用。利用SOA与光纤反馈可构成环形腔激光器S_FRL。在S—FRL中将SOA的光一光互作用特性与反馈条件相结合,可以改变孓FRI．的起振、抑制、选频等多种状态,从而构成不同功能的全光信号处理器件。在分析S—FRL激光振荡原理的基础上,提出了双环耦合的S-FRL,并以此为基础构成一种双环耦合的双稳态触发器,进而构成一种同步脉冲展宽器;还提出了一种级联的S-FRL,由此构成一种基于负逻辑的全光判决器。     

高准确度光纤陀螺中相位调制的控制研究

在相位调制器基础上，提出了围绕干涉型光纤陀螺的闭环控制方案.对高准确度光纤陀螺中Y波导集成光学器件的调制特性及系统测试方法进行了研究，对其应用及光路各环节配合的技术进行了探讨，对该器件在光纤陀螺系统中的特性和测试系统进行讨论.在高准确度光纤陀螺中取得明显效果.目前，工程样机的零偏稳定性已达到0.02°/h.     

Mass measurement using an intensity-modulated optical fiber sensor

Design and operation of an opto-mechanical sensor for mass measurements is reported. This device uses a pair of optical fibers and a reflecting coated lens. The light intensity modulation is based on the relative motion of the lens due to a given mass with respect to the optical fibers. The modulated intensity because of the weighing mass has been measured by using a digital voltmeter. A full-range sensitivity of about 11.5 mV/g for a dynamic range of 80 g is obtained. A mass resolution of better than 0.25 g has been measured with this device. The measured output response is checked against the expected theoretical one and a general agreement observed. A comparison with similar experimental results shows some advantages of this method and potential use of such a sensor for medium mass measurements.     

Low crosstalk monolithic wavelength demultiplexing switch arrays

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a key enabling technology for increasing the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication systems. Recently, a new family of optoelectronic devices, including detectors, switches, and emitters, that is based on resonant cavity enhancement, has emerged. Wavelength selective optoelectronic switching is achieved by placing a photothyristor in an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity, which provides a highly selective response at a wavelength determined during device fabrication. These WDM optoelectronic devices haue promising applications in optical COmmunications and optical logic circuits. Results on a N-p-n-p optoelectronic switch with a ten wavelength channel capability are presented.     

Mechano-optical wavelength tuning in a photonic crystal microcavity with sub-1 V drive voltage

A micro-bimorph cantilever with self-aligned nanotips is monolithically integrated with a photonic crystal based device using optical and deep UV lithography techniques. Upon electrostatic actuation, the dielectric nanotips perturb the optical field, providing electromechano-optical modulation of light. Static tuning of the optical transmission spectra by more than 600 pm is measured with a sub-1 V drive voltage, resulting in a modulation as high as 21 dB. The observed strong electromechano-optical effect may find application in power efficient devices for optical communication networks, such as wavelength routing elements.     

全光波长变换器消光比特性的理论研究

半导体光放大器（SOA）是具有优良非线性效应的光子器件，在光开关、波长变换、光逻辑运算中有重要的应用。从SOA载流子的速率方程和耦合波方程出发，建立了基于SOA的交叉增益调制波长变换理论模型，并利用分段模型分析方法，对SOA的交叉增益调制波长变换的消光比特性进行了详细的研究。研究结果表明，适当增大信号光功率、减小探测光功率并选择合适的波长差和SOA长度，可以有效地提高传输信号的消光比。     

All-optical broadband phase modulation of a subcarrier in a radio over fiber system

An optical modulator that provides broadband phase modulation of microwave subcarriers directly in the photonic domain has been proposed. This modulator, which involves no millimeter-wave device, can provide a dispersion-tolerant output signal with arbitrary phase shift. Therefore it has wide applications in high-frequency radio over fiber systems employing complex constellation modulation. Simulations and a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrate the feasibility of the modulator.     

一种全光逻辑或非门的理论和实验研究

基于单端半导体光放大器(SOA)中的交叉增益调制(XGM)效应实现了全光逻辑或非运算功能,建立了该方案的理论模型,进行了数值模拟.实验中实现了10 Gb/s的全光逻辑或非运算功能,并对理论模拟和实验结果进行了讨论和分析,指出了输出消光比与连续光功率及注入电流之间的关系.理论分析结果与实验结果相符合.     

光刻全息图的蚀刻条件研究

本文提出发展蚀刻二元元件的工艺,其中最重要的是选择适当的蚀速比,它是制作具有连续厚度分布的浮雕型光刻全息图的关键,文中给出了反应功率一定时腐蚀气体流量和蚀刻速率的关系曲线,找到了合适的工作点,根据这些结果,制作成功性能优良的全息光学元件.     

基于逻辑器件响应特性的自治布尔网络调控

自治布尔网络已成功应用于随机数产生、基因调控、储备池计算等领域.为了在应用中合理选择器件使输出更好地满足各应用的需求,本文研究了自治布尔网络中的逻辑器件响应特性变化时,自治布尔网络输出状态随之变化的规律,结果显示逻辑器件响应特性变化可以调控自治布尔网络输出在周期和混沌之间转变,且能改变自治布尔网络输出序列的复杂程度.进一步观察了逻辑器件响应特性和链路延时二维参数空间中输出序列复杂程度的分布,结果显示快的逻辑门响应特性可以增强高复杂序列在链路延时参数空间的分布范围.同时研究了自治布尔网络中任意逻辑器件的响应特性单独变化对网络输出状态的影响,结果显示不同节点的器件响应特性对序列复杂程度的调控能力有差异.研究表明,逻辑器件响应特性可以调控网络输出序列复杂程度,快的响应特性有利于高复杂混沌的稳定产生.     

Optical Digital Logic Operations by Self-pumped Phase Conjugation in Photorefractive Crystal

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Nonlinear response studies and corrections for a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

The nonlinear response of light transmission characteristics of a liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulator (SLM) is studied. The results show that the device exhibits a wide range of variations with different control parameters and input settings. Experiments were performed to obtain intensity modulation that is best described by either power-law or sigmoidal functions. Based on the inverse transformation, an appropriate pre-processing scheme for electrically addressed input gray-scale images, particularly important in several optical processing and imaging applications, is suggested. Further, the necessity to compensate the SLM image nonlinearities in a volume holographic data storage and retrieval system is demonstrated.