基于高斯光束特性的Mie散射大气激光雷达回波近场信号校正研究

介绍一种基于高斯光束传输特性对Mie散射激光雷达回波信号校正的新方法.首先根据发射激光束的高斯光束特性，对大气激光雷达回波信号作高斯修正，然后在大气近似均匀假定下，对近场区经高斯修正的回波信号距离校正函数进行二次曲线拟合，实现对交叠面积影响的修正，实际计算表明，用此方法对Mie散射激光雷达回波近场信号进行处理，可获得与实际更为接近的反演结果. 关键词： 大气激光雷达 高斯光束 回波近场信号修正 大气消光系数     

差分吸收激光雷达回波信号统计模型的研究

差分吸收激光雷达回波信号统计模型是研究差分吸收激光雷达系统的基础,但是现有的统计模型中均没有考虑大气湍流导致的激光闪烁对回波信号的影响。针对已有统计模型的缺陷和应用需要,综合考虑了大气湍流导致的激光闪烁、目标反射斑纹、接收噪声以及发射功率波动对回波信号统计特性的影响,提出了一种改进的长程差分吸收激光雷达回波信号统计模型,分析了该模型的统计特性。仿真结果表明大气湍流导致的激光闪烁对回波信号统计特性的影响十分显著,同时也验证了该统计模型比已有统计模型更精确、更符合实际。     

米散射激光雷达重叠因子及全程回波信号标定技术研究

由于激光雷达光轴夹角的存在和光束质量分布的非均匀性, 导致理论回波信号与实际回波信号有较大差别, 需要对其进行校正. 基于数学推导和软件仿真, 给出了激光雷达重叠因子的数学表达式, 分析了光轴夹角导致的系统重叠因子在全程探测空间的变化情况; 分析了光束分布为高斯分布和均匀分布时的重叠因子变化情况; 对激光雷达的距离校正信号和Klett算法公式进行了重叠因子修正, 最后在对激光雷达系统参数标定的基础上, 在重叠区域利用修正的Klett公式对其所测得到的回波信号进行了修正, 在探测盲区利用斜率法修正距离校正信号, 进而得到了符合理论与实际情况的激光雷达在全程上校正的消光系数曲线. 关键词： 激光雷达 标定 重叠因子 消光系数     

激光雷达测量大气湍流廓线

 介绍了一种利用成像激光光斑测量大气湍流廓线的激光雷达原理。通过对分层大气湍流的光束波面变化的测量,获取各分层大气湍流的相干长度,据此利用平面波近似算法反演湍流强度廓线。通过搭建的大气湍流廓线激光雷达实验系统获得了湍流廓线的实验数据,并且与系留飞艇搭载的温度脉动仪在同时段固定高度进行了对比实验,验证了近似递推算法的可行性。最后对实验中出现的误差进行了讨论。     

离轴激光雷达重叠因子解析研究

为了对离轴激光雷达的近场信号进行校正,本文根据离轴激光雷达重叠因子的定义,利用高斯光束光强的解析传输公式,并考虑到离轴激光雷达系统激光分布与望远镜视场的五种关系,得到了利用雷达系统参数表示的离轴激光雷达重叠因子的解析计算公式。基于该公式对澳门地区雷达回波信号进行了校正和反演,所得结果证明了解析公式的有效性。利用解析公式通过数值计算方法详细研究了雷达系统参数对离轴激光雷达重叠因子的影响,该结果对激光雷达系统设计具有一定的参考价值。     

光学学报 2005年25卷 学科分类索引

文题期数起始页大气与海洋光学差分吸收激光雷达回波信号统计模型的研究1 1海洋水色及水温扫描仪精确瑞利散射计算2 145跟踪抖动对激光湍流大气传输光束扩展的影响2 152米氏散射激光雷达近场距离校正函数曲线拟合法修正3 289高斯波束在湍流大气斜程传输中的闪烁问题研究4 433洛伦兹光谱线型的高层大气风场被动探测原理分析5 577相干激光雷达距离像的噪声抑制算法研究5 581基于洛伦兹线型极光的上层大气风场探测模式研究6 721空间激光通信中光强起伏尺度特征的数值分析8 1009圆芯型边孔光纤双折射的有限元分析8 1013差分吸收光谱法测量空气中…     

湍流大气中激光聚焦光束后向散射的数值模拟

 对基于聚焦光束后向散射到达角起伏的湍流测量进行了数值模拟。通过近轴标量波动方程和分形相屏算法，提出了聚焦光束二次传输的数值模型，分别就固定点信标光源和聚焦光束后向散射的到达角起伏方差的统计特征进行了分析，并取得了很好的相关性，得出了可以从聚焦光束的回波图像信号里提取大气湍流信息的结论。讨论了聚焦距离对固定点光源和回波光束的到达角起伏方差相似度的影响。     

信号延时叠加提高激光雷达探测信噪比

以激光雷达回波信号的频谱特征为基础,提出了用信号延时叠加来提高激光雷达探测信噪比的方法.通过实验测量获取了大量激光雷达回波信号,并以此为基础,讨论了信号延时叠加提高激光雷达探测信噪比的可行性.结果表明:在系统带宽50 MHz、回波脉宽30 ns的条件下,通过信号延时叠加可提高激光雷达的探测信噪比在40%以上,且存在最佳的延时时间.     

一种应用于激光雷达接收机的回波峰值检测量化电路

为实现对激光雷达回波峰值的测量,介绍了一种应用于激光雷达接收机的回波峰值检测量化电路,采用对电压回波脉冲采样保持的方法配合低速模拟数字转换器(Analog to Digital Converter,ADC)来实现回波峰值的高精度量化。电路采用SMIC 0.18μm工艺设计,仿真结果显示,该电路采样电压动态范围为800 mV,采样3 ns脉宽的脉冲保持电压误差小于3.16%,实现10 bit的量化精度。整体电路采样周期由外部使能信号和复位信号控制,可满足不同场合下激光雷达接收机回波峰值采样的应用需求。     

米氏散射激光雷达近场距离校正函数曲线拟合法修正

报道了一种修正米氏散射激光雷达近场回波信号的新方法,首先对近场区实测回波信号距离校正函数进行二次曲线拟合,获得拟合曲线与实测曲线的差分信号;然后对远场距离校正函数作直线拟合,在大气近似均匀假定下,获得近场回波信号距离校正函数直线斜率;最后将近场差分信号叠加在该直线上,获得修正后的近场回波信号距离校正函数曲线。用此方法对米氏散射激光雷达近场回波信号的实际计算证明,该方法可获得与实际更为接近的反演结果。     

大气湍流对多抖动法相干合成技术中相位调制信号的影响

分析了大气湍流对采用多抖动法实现的相干合成阵列光束中相位调制信号的影响. 文章首先根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,采用折射率结构函数对大气湍流进行描述,推导了多抖动法相干合成中阵列光束通过大气湍流后相位调制信号的一般表达式. 在此基础上进行数值模拟,分析了传输距离、湍流强度、光束阵列占空比和光斑尺寸等因素对相位调制信号的影响. 研究发现随着传输距离的增大,相位调制信号强度会先增大后减小,存在一个极大值点;随着湍流强度的增强,相位调制信号强度极大值点的出现距离不断缩短;当光束阵列占空比一定时,随着光斑尺寸的增大 关键词： 大气湍流 相干合成 多抖动法 相位调制     

倾斜离轴高斯-谢尔模型光束在大气湍流中通过猫眼光学镜头反射光的光强特性

本文研究了大气湍流和探测光空间相干性对倾斜离轴激光束通过猫眼光学 镜头反射光光强特性的影响. 研究表明: 由于光阑效应以及光束倾斜或离轴, 反射光光强出现振荡和非对称分布现象. 大气湍流不会改变其非对称性, 但湍流中其光强不再振荡. 当猫眼光学镜头存在微弱正离焦δ_max情况下, 轴上光强可达到最大值. 猫眼光学镜头焦距越大, 所需δ_max越大. 但是, 大气湍流和探测光相干性好坏都不会改变所需δ_max值. 在大气湍流中传输距离足够远时, 反射光强会成为离轴类高斯分布. 随着传输距离的增大, 相干性越差的探测光的反射光束扩展可以更小, 这与部分相干光自由空间传输规律完全不同. 探测光相干性越好, 其反射光强受湍流的影响越大, 但差异不大. 本文所得结果对激光主动探测的应用具有意义. 关键词： 猫眼光学镜头 大气湍流 部分相干光 光强     

激光光强扰动对相干场成像降质影响理论研究

激光相干场成像系统发射多束激光,经大气传输对远程目标成像,大气湍流引起的激光束光强扰动是影响成像质量的一个关键因素.本文从湍流引起的激光束光强扰动对回波解调信号的影响关系入手,建立了激光回波光强扰动因子对相位闭合系数和成像频谱分量的降质传函理论模型;基于三光束激光相干场成像系统仿真验证了理论模型的有效性.研究表明激光相干场成像频谱分量和成像像质主要受三光束相位闭合求解算法中第二光束光强扰动影响.该研究揭示了激光回波光强扰动对成像像质的影响机理,对于分析大气湍流等引起的光强扰动降质效应和合理分配多光束光强稳定性以提高成像质量具有理论指导意义.     

Propagation of partially coherent partially phase-locked laser array in turbulent atmosphere

The mechanism for beam quality degradation in recently developed phase locking of high power solid state lasers, which is caused mainly by partially coherent property of element beam and partially phase locking of the laser array, is analyzed in detail. Analytical expression for propagation of partially coherent partially phase-locked laser array in turbulent atmosphere is obtained based on extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. The effect of coherence width, phase error and intensity of turbulence on the beam quality in the target-plane is studied in detail. The tolerance on phase error for laser array with different coherence property is analyzed. It is concluded that the laser array with better coherence is more sensitive to turbulence, and phase control can improve beam quality in the receiving plane only in the case when the element beam has good beam quality and propagates in weak turbulence.     

非Kolmogorov湍流相位屏仿真及对光束传输模拟的影响

采用正态分布模型来描述传播路径上功率谱幂值的非均匀性,利用功率谱反演法构建了基于等效结构常数的非Kolmogorov湍流相位屏,并利用多重相位屏法进行了高斯光束在均匀各向同性湍流与非Kolmogorov湍流两种模型下的传输模拟。通过观察模拟光束的光强均匀度、光束漂移以及闪烁指数等,研究了非Kolmogorov湍流对光束传输模拟的影响。结果发现,当光束通过单个非Kolmogorov相位屏时,光强最大值与光强均匀度随着幂值先增大后减小,光束漂移随幂值在一定范围内单调变化。当光束通过多重相位屏时,发现模拟光束的光强闪烁指数会受到相位屏数量以及湍流模型的影响,当相位屏数量较多时,均匀各向同性湍流模型下模拟得到的光强闪烁指数会大于非K湍流模型下的结果,且非K湍流模拟的光束漂移与均匀各项同性湍流模拟得到的光束漂移的相对误差会随着相位屏数量增多而趋于0。     

Numerical simulation of super-continuum laser propagation in turbulent atmosphere

Considering the atmospheric extinction and turbulence effects,we investigate the propagation performances of supercontinuum laser sources in atmospheric turbulence statistically by using the numerical simulation method,and the differences in propagation properties between the super-continuum(SC)laser and its pump laser are also analyzed.It is found that the propagation characteristics of super-continuum laser are almost similar to those of the pump laser.The degradation of source coherence degree may cause the relative beam spreading and scintillation indexes to decrease at different propagation distances or different turbulence strengths.The root-mean-square value of beam wandering is insensitive to the variation of source correlation length,and less aperture averaging occurs when the laser source becomes less coherent.Additionally,from the point of view of beam wandering,the SC laser has no advantage over the pump laser.Although the pump laser can bring about a bigger aperture average,the SC laser has a lower scintillation which may be due to the multiple wavelength homogenization effects on intensity fluctuations.This would be the most important virtue of the SC laser that can be utilized to improve the performance of laser engineering.     

大气湍流和热晕效应对列阵合成激光传输特性和光束质量影响的理论研究进展

介绍了大气湍流效应和热晕效应对列阵合成激光传输特性和光束质量影响的理论研究进展。主要介绍了合成激光在大气中传输的解析和数值模拟研究方法,大气湍流效应对列阵合成光束的光强分布、远场发散角、方向性、曲率半径和湍流距离的影响,以及大气热晕效应对列阵合成光束的光强分布、传输效率、重心偏移、热晕时间尺度和焦移的影响。研究结果表明,大气湍流效应和热晕效应对合成激光光束质量的影响与光束合成方式、合成光束参数以及大气参数密切相关。     

Atmospheric channel effects on free-space laser communication

Free-space laser communication offers an attractive alternative for transferring high-bandwidth data when fiber optic cable is neither practical nor feasible. However, there are a variety of deleterious features of the atmospheric channel that may lead to serious signal fading, and even the complete loss of signal altogether. Physical obstructions—such as birds, insects, tree limbs, or other factors—can temporarily or permanently block the laser line-of-sight. Platform/building motion due to wind, differential heating and cooling, or ground motion over time can result in serious misalignment of fixed-position laser communication systems. But most importantly of all, absorption and scattering due to particulate matter in the atmosphere may significantly decrease the transmitted optical signal, while random atmospheric distortions due to optical turbulence can severely degrade the wave-front quality of a signal-carrying laser beam, causing intensity fading and random signal losses at the receiver.     

The influence of high-frequency phase distortion on the phase correction effect in atmospheric turbulence

By using the method of the power-spectrum inversion, the turbulence phase screen has been built up, and the propagation characteristics of high-frequency phase of laser beam in atmospheric turbulence have been analyzed; in addition, the phase correction effect of laser beams by using the adaptive deformable mirror has been simulated, and its affecting factors in turbulence have also been analyzed quantitatively. The results show that the phase correction effect of laser beams in turbulence is mostly determined by the percent of high-frequency phase in distorted wavefront. With the increase of the intensity of atmospheric turbulence and the propagation distance in turbulence, the percent of high-frequency phase in distorted wavefront increases, resulting in the degradation of the phase correction effect.     

Adaptive correction of vortex laser beam in a closed-loop system with phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulator

We propose and demonstrate the wave front correction of a vortex laser beam by using dual phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) and a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. One phase only LC-SLM is used to generate vortex laser beam by loading spiral phase screen onto the wave front of input quasi-Gaussian beam. The other phase only LC-SLM under SPGD controller based on the subzone control method adaptively compensates the wave front of vortex laser beam. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that after correction, vortex doughnut like beam is focused into a beam with airy disk pattern distribution in the far field. The adaptive corrections of vortex laser beam with different optical topological charges are studied. The results show that the optical topological charge has little influence on adaptive correction. The powers in the main lobe of far field intensity distributions of vortex laser beams with different optical topological charges are all greatly improved by adaptive correction. The technique proposed in this paper can be used in optical communication, relay mirror and atmospheric turbulence correction.