有限冲击响应滤波器在四频激光陀螺中的应用

针对目前四频差动激光陀螺光学解调方案可靠性和温度特性差的特点,介绍一种基于FPGA的数字拍频解调方案。分析了四频差动激光陀螺数字拍频解调对电路系统的需求,对数字拍频解调的关键部件低通滤波器进行了设计与实现。根据四频差动激光陀螺的特性参数计算滤波器的通带截止频率及阻带截止频率,使用MATLAB的滤波器设计和分析工具FDATool完成了有限冲击响应（FIR）数字滤波器的参数设计,并利用Xilinx公司的FPGA集成开发环境ISE实现FIR数字滤波器的片上系统设计。仿真和实验结果表明,所设计的FIR数字滤波器对四频差动激光陀螺的和频分量衰减达到-66 dB,满足四频差动激光陀螺拍频解调的需求,并有助于实现四频差动激光陀螺的小型化和数字化。     

基于电子信号处理的四频激光陀螺信号读出研究

针对当前四频差动激光陀螺(DLG)读出系统结构复杂、易受温度影响等问题,对现有读出系统进行了改进,设计了使用电子信号处理代替光学信号处理来分离左、右旋陀螺信号的新型读出系统。通过对一个DLG同时使用新旧两套不同的读出系统进行测试,得到了相同的测试结果,表明电子信号处理和光学信号处理在分离左、右旋陀螺信号方面是等效的。在此基础上,首先使用模数转换器对DLG的光电转换信号进行采样,然后进行了数字信号处理,并研制出了全数字化读出系统。新型读出系统不使用四分之一波片和偏振片等光学元件,具有温度稳定性好、结构简单、全数字化等优点,有利于四频陀螺性能的提高和批量生产。     

四频差动激光陀螺工作点的选择

当四频差动激光陀螺工作于增益曲线上左、右旋陀螺比例因子相等位置时,误差因素在拍频的差动中得到较好的抵消,因而具有较优的性能。为了从实验上寻找该最佳工作点,对四频差动激光陀螺拍频表达式进行了分析,发现静态下和频的电压扫描曲线呈抛物线变化,而且当左、右旋陀螺比例因子相等时,和频的电压扫描曲线处于转折点。设计了实验通过和频电压扫描曲线得到了理论最佳工作点,在不同工作点下对陀螺进行测试,根据其零偏稳定性随工作点的变化趋势,得到了实测最佳工作点。对某型5个陀螺的多次实验表明,由和频电压扫描曲线得到的理论最佳工作点与实测最佳工作点基本一致,最大误差2Hz。该方法可作为四频陀螺选择最佳工作点的参考方法。     

相位延迟器在四频激光陀螺中的应用研究

介绍了典型相位延迟器1／4波片和90°相位延迟膜的工作原理,定义了四频激光陀螺输出信号解调信噪比,分析了相位延迟量对其造成的影响,并就此结果进行了MATLAB仿真。从两种相位延迟器的工作原理出发,阐述了温度、入射角、入射光波长等因素对两者相位延迟量的影响。结合激光陀螺在实际应用中的要求,对两者进行了比较,并得出结论：90°相位延迟膜更适合作为四频激光陀螺输出解调系统中的相位延迟器。     

四频差动激光陀螺中的S—P各向异性效应

理论分析了四频差动激光陀螺中左，右旋椭圆偏振模式的非对称性，这种非对称性激光陀螺性能的影响是至关重要的，而引起这种非对称性的物理因素是环形的Ｓ－Ｐ相位和损耗的各向异性。     

异面腔四频差动激光陀螺的小抖动稳频

为了解决光强差稳频系统易受光电元件参量影响的问题,设计了一套用于异面腔四频差动激光陀螺的小抖动稳频系统。采用高频放大和幅度检波电路检出四频差动激光陀螺顺时针(或逆时针)输出光束的拍频幅度,然后用模数转换器采集到数字信号处理器(DSP)内。四频差动激光陀螺正常工作时拍频幅度取极大值,因此可通过对腔长进行小抖动调制实现稳频。利用DSP设计了一套数字式稳频系统,1 s取样的稳频精度为2×10-9,更重要的是稳频点不受光电元件参量变化的影响。设计的小抖动稳频电路精度高、通用性好,对提高四频差动激光陀螺适应恶劣环境的能力有一定的价值。     

二频机抖激光陀螺高精度低延时信号解调电路设计

在激光陀螺信号解调滤波过程中,工程上经常运用高阶FIR滤波电路来实现抖动信号剥除;这种方法虽然精度高但具有较高的延时,无法满足激光陀螺输出结果实时性的要求;为了解决这个问题,提出了一种基于FPGA的激光陀螺信号解调电路,利用自适应滤波原理对激光陀螺输出抖动信号进行自适应剥除,最后进行了相应精度及延迟测试;实验结果表明激光陀螺信号经过该系统自适应抖动剥除后效果较好,激光陀螺静态输出百秒方差仅为千分之三且系统延迟0.6 ms远低于常规5 ms延迟,满足了激光陀螺信号解调高精度低延时的要求。     

石英晶体温度效应对四频差动激光陀螺中光场偏振特性的影响

为研究石英晶体温度效应对四频差动激光陀螺的影响,从陀螺的自再现传播矩阵出发,结合石英晶体旋光率随温度变化的经验公式,利用琼斯矩阵求本征模的方法,得出了四频差动激光陀螺腔内光场本征偏振态与温度的关系并进行了数值分析,得到椭圆度和左右旋差损随温度变化的曲线。结果表明,石英晶体温度效应对偏振特性的影响与反射镜片的振幅反射率和反射相移有密切关系,对于典型陀螺参量,在-60℃～60℃范围内石英晶体温度效应导致左右旋差损从0增加至10-6量级, 椭圆度从0.122增至0.138。     

四频差动激光陀螺稳频控制仿真

介绍了四频差动激光陀螺稳频的基本工作原理,在分析稳频电路各组成环节传递特性的基础上,给出了稳频控制系统的开环和闭环传递函数,并从满足相位裕度指标(45°)角度对控制系统各参数进行了优化,结果显示当开环总增益k取33时系统有较好的稳定性和较快的响应速度,满足四频差动激光陀螺稳频控制要求。     

基于双频环形激光器的激光多普勒测振系统研究

为进一步提高激光多普勒测振仪(LDV)的测量分辨率,实现物体表面微小振动的测量,设计了一种以双频环形激光器作为光源的LDV,介绍了该系统的光源及光路结构,推导了测振原理,并通过实验验证了该系统的可行性和准确性。在该系统中,利用四频差动激光陀螺频差稳定和谱线窄的优点,将四频差动激光陀螺改进为双频环形激光器,产生两束具有一定夹角和固定频差的线偏振光,结合光栅技术可实现对物体表面横向微小振动的测量。与其他LDV相比,该系统光路简单且分辨率较高,在实验室环境下振幅分辨率最大噪声不超过0.012μm?Hz1 2。     

Asymmetric Transmission in the Planar Chiral Nanostructure Induced by Electric and Magnetic Resonance at the Same Wavelength

Asymmetric transmission (AT) reflects the conversion efficiency of a chiral nanostructure for circularly polarized light and is widely used in polarization and optoelectronic devices. In this study, a new mechanism is proposed to generate AT when a planar chiral nanostructure is illuminated under left‐handed circularly polarized (LCP) and right‐handed circularly polarized (RCP) light illumination. The new mechanism can be achieved by breaking the symmetry of the designed planar chiral nanostructure which give rise to a new transmittance peak and dip at a particular wavelength under RCP and LCP light illumination, respectively. The proposed new mechanism is also capable of actively tuning the generated resonant modes. Besides this, when graphene strips are added to the designed planar chiral nanostructure, similar results are obtained as that from breaking the symmetry of the planar chiral nanostructure. In this case, the generated AT could also be actively tuned by varying the Fermi energies of graphene strips.     

On chemiluminescent emission from an infiltrated chiral sculptured thin film

The theory describing the far-field emission from a dipole source embedded inside a chiral sculptured thin film (CSTF), based on a spectral Green function formalism, was further developed to allow for infiltration of the void regions of the CSTF by a fluid. In doing so, the extended Bruggeman homogenization formalism — which accommodates constituent particles that are small compared to wavelength but not vanishingly small — was used to estimate the relative permittivity parameters of the infiltrated CSTF. For a numerical example, we found that left circularly polarized (LCP) light was preferentially emitted through one face of the CSTF while right circularly polarized (RCP) light was preferentially emitted through the opposite face, at wavelengths within the Bragg regime. The centre wavelength for the preferential emission of LCP/RCP light was red shifted as the refractive index of the infiltrating fluid increased from unity, and this red shift was accentuated when the size of the constituent particles in our homogenization model was increased. Also, the bandwidth of the preferential LCP/RCP emission regime decreased as the refractive index of the infiltrating fluid increased from unity.     

Bispectral Circular Dichroic Coding Metasurfaces

The frequency-dependent circular dichroism is proposed to extend the wave manipulating capability of coding metasurfaces. As a proof of concept, the bispectral circular dichroic coding metasurfaces (CDCMs) are realized using circular dichroism resonators (CDRs) implemented via introducing loss resistors into the circular polarization conversion resonators. The CDRs are distinguished into left-handed CDRs and right-handed CDRs. Left-handed CDRs absorb left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) wave and convert right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) wave into LCP wave. Conversely, they are defined as right-handed CDRs. Two bispectral CDRs are designed with the left-handed (right-handed) and right-handed (left-handed) working bands in 7–8.5 and 22.2–22.5 GHz, respectively. And then, 1 bit bispectral CDCM with 0101…/1010… coding sequence is designed. Simulated results indicate that the designed CDCM strongly absorb the incident LCP (RCP) waves in the frequency region 7–8.5 GHz (22.2–22.5 GHz), but the incident RCP (LCP) waves are anomalously reflected into four beams of the LCP (RCP) waves with high efficiency. The measured results agree well with the simulations. The results in this work may provide an effective solution for the inverse and helicity-dependent manipulation of the electromagnetic waves in two distinct frequency regions.     

小型集成三通道机抖激光陀螺数字式控制电路设计

针对军事和民用工程中亟待解决的捷联式机械抖动激光陀螺惯导的小型化、集成化和高精度问题,提出了一种以单块电路板实现对3个机械抖动激光陀螺进行数字式稳频控制、抖动控制、稳流控制、信号检测及脉冲计数的全功能小型机抖激光陀螺集成控制方案,设计了以DSP和FPGA为核心控制器的陀螺电路。试验结果表明,该集成控制电路能同时实现3路陀螺的自动控制,参数调整灵活方便,控制精确稳定,在实现小型化集成化的同时,提高了激光陀螺的输出精度,为捷联式机械抖动激光陀螺惯导的小型化、集成化和高精度奠定了基础,已在多个项目中获得工程应用,具有较高实用价值。     

Manipulating Spin-Dependent Wavefronts of Vortex Beams via Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Conventional metasurfaces based on geometric phase are constrained to spin-locked phase profile, resulting in mirrored functionalities for different spins. A single flat device that enables independent manipulation of wavefronts in two orthogonal circularly polarized channels is of paramount importance in wireless and optical communications. In this work, by tuning the dimension and rotation angle of H-shaped meta-atoms to synthesize propagating phase and geometric phase, spin-dependent plasmonic metasurfaces are presented to manipulate circularly polarized waves in the visible band. To verify the capability of spin-dependent wavefront manipulation, three metasurfaces are implemented. The first metasurface generates vortex beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) l = 1 under left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) incidence and l = 2 under right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) incidence. By introducing convolution operation, the second metasurface is capable of producing vortex beams with different OAMs and different directions for two spins. The third metasurface produces dual-beam and quad-beam with different OAMs for different circular polarizations. This scheme can provide a new pathway in ultracompact nanophotonic devices and systems.     

Electromagnetic envelope solitons in magnetized plasma

A multiple scales technique is employed to solve the fluid-Maxwell equations describing a weakly nonlinear circularly polarized electromagnetic pulse in magnetized plasma. A nonlinear Schrödinger-type (NLS) equation is shown to govern the amplitude of the vector potential. The conditions for modulational instability and for the existence of various types of localized envelope modes are investigated in terms of relevant parameters. Right-hand circularly polarized (RCP) waves are shown to be modulationally unstable regardless of the value of the ambient magnetic field and propagate as bright-type solitons. The same is true for left-hand circularly polarized (LCP) waves in a weakly to moderately magnetized plasma. In other parameter regions, LCP waves are stable in strongly magnetized plasmas and may propagate as dark-type solitons (electric field holes). The evolution of envelope solitons is analyzed numerically, and it is shown that solitons propagate in magnetized plasma without any essential change in amplitude and shape.     

Circularly polarized fluorescence from light-emitting microcavities with sculptured-thin-film chiral reflectors

A light-emitting microcavity with sculptured-thin-film (STF) chiral reflectors is fabricated to produce narrowband circularly polarized (CP) light. The device is composed of a layer of fluorescent molecules (Alq3) sandwiched between two STF chiral reflectors to form a resonant microcavity with CP-selectivity, which emits narrowband left CP (LCP) and right CP (RCP) light upon photoexcitation. Our results also indicate the possibility of developing STF reflector-based diode laser devices delivering pure and controllable circular polarization.