Phase Transition in Recovery Process of Complex Networks

The dynamic characteristic of complex network failure and recovery is one of the main research topics in complex networks. Real world systems such as traffic jams and Internet recovery could be described by the complex network theory. We propose a model to study the recovery process in complex networks. Two different recovery mechanisms are considered in three kinds of networks: external recovery and internal recovery. By simulating the process of the nodes recovery in networks, it is found that the system exhibits the feature of first-order phase transition only when the external recovery is considered. Internal recovery cannot induce such a kind of transitions. As external recovery and internal recovery coexist on networks, the systems will retain the most efficient part of external recovery and internal recovery. Meanwhile, a hysteresis could be observed when increasing or decreasing the failure probability. Finally; a largest degree node protection strategy is proposed for improving the robustness of networks.     

Mechanism of NBTI Recovery under Negative Voltage Stress

Recovery phenomenon is observed under negative gate voltage stress which is smaller than the previous degradation stress. We focus on the drain current to study the degradation and recovery of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) with a real-time method. By this method, different recovery phenomena among different size devices are observed. Under negative recovery stress, the drain current gradually recovers for the large size devices and gets into recovery saturation when long recovery time is involved. For small-size devices, a step-like recovery of drain current is observed. The recovery of the drain current is mainly caused by the holes detrapping and tunnelling back to the channel surface which are trapped in oxide. The model of hole detrapping explains the recovery under negative voltage stress reasonably.     

Characterizing and modeling the free recovery and constrained recovery behavior of a polyurethane shape memory polymer

In this work, tensile tests and one-dimensional constitutive modeling are performed on a high recovery force polyurethane shape memory polymer that is being considered for biomedical applications. The tensile tests investigate the free recovery (zero load) response as well as the constrained displacement recovery (stress recovery) response at extension values up to 25%, and two consecutive cycles are performed during each test. The material is observed to recover 100% of the applied deformation when heated at zero load in the second thermomechanical cycle, and a stress recovery of 1.5 MPa to 4.2 MPa is observed for the constrained displacement recovery experiments.After performing the experiments, the Chen and Lagoudas model is used to simulate and predict the experimental results. The material properties used in the constitutive model - namely the coefficients of thermal expansion, shear moduli, and frozen volume fraction - are calibrated from a single 10% extension free recovery experiment. The model is then used to predict the material response for the remaining free recovery and constrained displacement recovery experiments. The model predictions match well with the experimental data.     

脉冲功率系统中能量回收电路的改进

串联型能量回收电路从电路结构上保证了异常条件下脉冲功率系统中充电电源的安全,但恒流充电电源经回收电感向储能电容充电时会引起回收电路的振荡,不仅会造成充电电源输出过压和回收电感损耗增加,还会导致充电电压一致性明显变差等问题。在分析了回收电路振荡特性的基础上,提出了在回收电感两端并接旁路开关和双路充电输入的电路结构以及相应的充电控制方法,不仅可以抑制回路振荡从而提高充电一致性,还可以消除回收电感和旁路开关的不必要损耗且控制方法也简单通用。对包含有串接型回收电路的600 V/400 A充电系统进行了电路仿真和实验验证,实验结果表明:在600 V重频条件下,回收电路的改进方案可将储能电容电压的充电一致性偏差由10 V降低到2.6 V,对应的相对偏差由1.7%降低到0.5%以内。     

Recovery time in quantum dynamics of wave packets

A wave packet formed by a linear superposition of bound states with an arbitrary energy spectrum returns arbitrarily close to the initial state after a quite long time. A method in which quantum recovery times are calculated exactly is developed. In particular, an exact analytic expression is derived for the recovery time in the limiting case of a two-level system. In the general case, the reciprocal recovery time is proportional to the Gauss distribution that depends on two parameters (mean value and variance of the return probability). The dependence of the recovery time on the mean excitation level of the system is established. The recovery time is the longest for the maximal excitation level.     

New phenomena in high-temperature plasticity

A thorough understanding of recovery phenomena in high-temperature plasticity requires information on both creep (constant stress) and constant strain-rate deformation in the corresponding steady-state regimes. This is demonstrated for the diamond cubic structure elements Si and Ge, where dynamical recovery is characterized by two independent mechanisms, crossing in the range accessible to measurements, which have been identified to obey self-diffusion or cross-slip. In consequence, the stress-strain curves of single crystals show two recovery stages, while in steady-state creep only one (the second) recovery stage can be observed. From deformation experiments on fcc metals published in the literature it is concluded, that the stress-strain curves of at least Au and Al single crystals are also characterized by two recovery stages at high temperatures; it will be shown, however, that the situation is different from that of the semiconductors to some extent. Finally, some preliminary comments concerning dynamical recovery of hexagonal metals are given.     

MOS器件辐照过程和辐照后效应模拟

模拟MOS器件脉冲电离辐射响应和长时间恢复效应.假设隧道电子从硅进入氧化层和界面态的建立是辐射效应的恢复机理.在整个退火恢复期,采用卷积模型并考虑了栅偏置压的效应.模拟结果表明:退火过程所加栅偏压的大小以及隧道电子效应与建立的界面态所占比例的不同影响器件的恢复率.     

Recovery of single event upset in advanced complementary metalben oxide semiconductor static random access memory cells

Using computer-aided design three-dimensional (3D) simulation technology, the recovery mechanism of single event upset and the effects of spacing and hit angle on the recovery are studied. It is found that the multi-node charge collection plays a key role in recovery and shielding the charge sharing by adding guard rings. It cannot exhibit the recovery effect. It is also indicated that the upset linear energy transfer (LET) threshold is kept constant while the recovery LET threshold increases as the spacing increases. Additionally, the effect of incident angle on recovery is analysed and it is shown that a larger angle can bring about a stronger charge sharing effect, thus strengthening the recovery ability.     

基于压缩感知的欠定源信号恢复算法比较

构建了基于压缩感知的欠定盲源分离源信号恢复模型,比较研究了基于互补匹配追踪算法(CMP)、基于L1范数的互补匹配追踪算法(L1CMP)和基于修正牛顿的径向基函数算法(NRASR)实现欠定源信号恢复的应用效果。结果表明:源信号时域充分稀疏情况下,CMP,L1CMP和NRASR的恢复效果接近,但L1CMP算法计算复杂度最低;变换域充分稀疏情况下,CMP和L1CMP恢复效果接近,NRASR恢复效果较差;时域非充分稀疏情况下,CMP效果较差,L1CMP和NRASR效果接近。综合考虑,L1CMP算法效果最佳;在观测信号数和源数较少的情况下,算法在时域恢复信号精度会下降;稀疏表示法结合压缩感知重构能够提高源信号恢复的效果。     

相依网络上基于相连边的择优恢复算法

如何有效地应对和控制故障在相依网络上的级联扩散避免系统发生结构性破碎,对于相依网络抗毁性研究具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义.最新的研究提出一种基于相依网络的恢复模型,该模型的基本思想是通过定义共同边界节点,在每轮恢复阶段找出符合条件的共同边界节点并以一定比例实施恢复.当前的做法是按照随机概率进行选择.这种方法虽然简单直观,却没有考虑现实世界中资源成本的有限性和择优恢复的必然性.为此,针对相依网络的恢复模型,本文利用共同边界节点在极大连通网络内外的连接边数计算边界节点的重要性,提出一种基于相连边的择优恢复算法(preferential recovery based on connectivity link,PRCL)算法.利用渗流理论的随机故障模型,通过ER随机网络和无标度网络构建的不同结构相依网络上的级联仿真结果表明,相比随机方法和度数优先以及局域影响力优先的恢复算法,PRCL算法具备恢复能力强、起效时间早且迭代步数少的优势,能够更有效、更及时地遏制故障在网络间的级联扩散,极大地提高了相依网络遭受随机故障时的恢复能力.     

New method for improving properties of SMA coil springs

This work is related to a SMA coil spring which shows perfect recovery and greater recovery force. When tension spring of common metals is fabricated, `initial tension' can be provided by minus pitch winding. The initial tension is the force for tension springs to contract further in closed state. If a SMA spring has the initial tension, perfect recovery is expected with a greater recovery force. However, the initial tension cannot be given to SMA coils in the conventional way, since heat treatment for shape setting eliminates the tension generated by the minus pitch winding. We have developed a new method of supplying the initial tension to SMA springs by changing coil orientation after the shape setting treatment. In this paper, some examples are introduced that a perfect recovery with a greater force, though permanent deformation is involved in the deformation, can be attained by the initial tension.     

Determination of the recovery stress under constraint in Fe29Mn7Si5Cr SMA

Ferrous shape memory alloys (SMAs) do not possess a complete shape recovery. Several attempts to improve the shape recovery still fail to achieve 100% recovery. For some applications, however, the recovery stress under constraint might be more important. In this work, a procedure was designed to measure these stresses under constraint in a Fe29MnSiCr SMA. The net recovery stress was defined as the maximal difference between the stresses developed in deformed and an undeformed sample. The calculation of σ_thermal(T) = E(T)α(T)(T-T₀) can replace the measurement of the stress developed in the undeformed sample. The effect of partially free recovery before recovery under constraint is also investigated. It was remarkable that after annealing at 200°C, the net stress did not decrease although about 50% of the shape recovery has already taken place. This allows to use this alloy as a pipe joint, where the diameter of the joint can be larger than the one of the pipes, since the free recovery will hardly lower the recovery stresses under constraint.     

Enhancement in the gain recovery of a semiconductor optical amplifier by device temperature control

We present a numerical investigation on the temperature dependence of gain recovery, of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). It is shown that the decrease in temperature significantly speed-up the gain recovery of the SOA. Under typical operating conditions, a 20 K reduction in temperature of the SOA results in a decrease of 150 ps in the gain recovery time. A comparative estimation of device temperature and assisted-light power requirements for enhancing the gain recovery has also been carried out. It is found that, a decrease of 8 K in the temperature of the SOA, is as effective in enhancing the gain recovery as injection of 25 dBm assisted-light power in the counter-propagating mode. Our study shows that under moderate current biasing conditions, temperature reduction is a better and convenient option to speed-up the gain recovery of an SOA, than the use of external assisted-light injection, which requires an additional laser source and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) components for coupling and de-coupling, leading to insertion losses in the communication channel.     

DF化学激光器扩压器流场仿真及优化

建立了DF化学激光器压力恢复系统扩压器的流场仿真模型,对扩压器流场结构进行了仿真分析。结果显示,扩压器超扩段长度为1310 mm时,激光器可工作压力为7.18 kPa。增加超扩段长度至1810 mm,激光器的可工作压力上升至8.25 kPa; 插入2片楔形叶片,激光器的可工作压力提升至8.52 kPa。适当增加超扩段长度和插入叶片的方式可在一定范围内提高激光器的工作压力,研究结果对于化学激光器扩压器的设计与优化具有重要的参考价值。     

Two-photon fluorescence measurements of reversible photodegradation in a dye-doped polymer

We report on the dynamics of photodegradation and subsequent recovery of two-photon fluorescence in a dye-doped polymer. The energy dependence suggests that photodegradation is a linear process, while recovery is entropic. Such recovery could be useful to high-intensity devices such as two-photon absorbers, which can be used in many applications.     

Dielectric Recovery of an Axially Blown SF6-Arc after Current Zero: Part I?experimental Investigations

The results are presented of a model experiment to investigate the dielectric recovery of an axially blown sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) arc after current zero. With the aid of Schlieren pictures and interferometry, the temperature decay after current zero is observed up to the point of complete recovery of the gap. The dielectric recovery is directly measured by applying voltage pulses across the gap which causes breakdown at different times after current zero. Residual charges, which play a role in the early recovery phases, are detected using a specialiy developed technique. Variations of the shape of the voltage pulses and the geometry cause characteristic changes of the recovery, which support the interpretation of the experimental data.     

超深亚微米PMOSFET的自愈合效应

主要研究负栅压偏置不稳定性(negative bias temperature instability，NBTI)效应中的自愈合效应，研究了器件阈值电压随着恢复时间和应力时间的恢复规律.研究表明器件的退化可以恢复是由于NBTI应力后界面态被氢钝化. 关键词： 负偏置温度不稳定性效应 自愈合效应 应力时间 PMOSFET     

Acoustic emission during thermoelastic martensitic transformations in titanium nickelide under isothermal loading

Acoustic emission during thermoelastic martensitic transformations in titanium nickelide is investigated. Phase transitions are initiated by loading the specimen to 200 MPa under isothermal conditions. It is found out that deformation buildup and acoustic emission in the loading-unloading cycles are observed in the first cycle only, during further cycles the acoustic emission is comparable to the background, while the deformation buildup and recovery are not associated with martensitic transformations. It is shown that recovery of the deformation built up during loading occurs due to heating to 600 °C, with the major part of accumulated deformation undergoing recovery already at 250 °C and recovery of its minor part observed at 400 °C. This behavior of acoustic emission and accumulation and recovery of deformation provide evidence of martensitic phase stabilization during cycling of martensitic transformations under conditions of thermo-mechanical cycling. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 89–94, February, 2008.     

Extended low-temperature annealing of neutron-irradiated molybdenum

Isothermal resistance recovery experiments have been performed on neutron-irradiated molybdenum at temperatures from 89°C to 198°C for time periods exceeding 30 weeks. The final portion of the observed recovery is linear with the logarithm of time and can be described mathematically as a zero-order reaction with a variable activation energy. This additional recovery leads to an error in recovery end-point determination and may be responsible for the anomalous values of reaction order reported for recovery at these temperatures.

This paper is based on work performed under U.S. DOE Contract CY-76-C-06-1830.     

激光束畸变波前高频相位的恢复效果分析

运用逐次逼近迭代法恢复近场畸变波前的高频相位,定量分析了高频相位恢复效果与滤波器截止频率之间的关系,并进一步讨论了近场和远场光强噪声扰动对恢复效果的影响。研究结果表明:随着滤波器截止频率的增大,即对近场波前相位探测器要求的提高,逐次逼近迭代法的高频相位恢复效果会越来越好。此外,高频相位恢复效果随近场或远场光强噪声扰动的增大而变差,其中,近场光强噪声扰动对恢复效果的影响相对较小,而远场光强噪声扰动对恢复效果的影响则明显得多。在实际工作中,为了获得较好的近场高频相位的恢复效果,不仅需要合理地对近场低频相位测量提出要求,而且还必须尽可能减小光强分布测量的误差,特别是尽量减小远场噪声光强的影响。