应用经验模态分解和独立成分分析解译岩矿光谱

岩矿光谱由多种矿物光谱混合而成,解译岩矿光谱能够得到岩矿的组分信息,且该方法具有快速、方便、不损坏样品的特点。经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)不能直接分离出混合信号中的源信号,独立成分分析(independent component analysis, ICA)要求混合信号数目不小于其所包括的源信号数目。将EMD和ICA两种方法相融合,首先用EMD分解混合信号得到本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF),再选择一定数目的IMF与混合信号一起组成ICA的输入数据矩阵,经过ICA运算可以获取单一混合信号中的源信号信息,克服了EMD和ICA两种方法各自的缺陷。研究表明,综合应用EMD和ICA方法可以获取单一混合信号中的源信号信息,混合信号中源信号含量越大,得到的源信号近似值越理想。参与ICA分离的IMF数目决定了分离得到的源信号近似值的数目,并且选择的IMF与混合信号相关系数越大,得到的源信号近似值越理想。运用该方法定量分析岩矿光谱,可以获取组成岩矿的矿物信息,比较适用于野外作业岩矿的快速分析鉴定及成分初步分析。     

应用经验模态分解和独立成分分析解译岩矿光谱（英文）

岩矿光谱由多种矿物光谱混合而成,解译岩矿光谱能够得到岩矿的组分信息,且该方法具有快速、方便、不损坏样品的特点。经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)不能直接分离出混合信号中的源信号,独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)要求混合信号数目不小于其所包括的源信号数目。将EMD和ICA两种方法相融合,首先用EMD分解混合信号得到本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),再选择一定数目的IMF与混合信号一起组成ICA的输入数据矩阵,经过ICA运算可以获取单一混合信号中的源信号信息,克服了EMD和ICA两种方法各自的缺陷。研究表明,综合应用EMD和ICA方法可以获取单一混合信号中的源信号信息,混合信号中源信号含量越大,得到的源信号近似值越理想。参与ICA分离的IMF数目决定了分离得到的源信号近似值的数目,并且选择的IMF与混合信号相关系数越大,得到的源信号近似值越理想。运用该方法定量分析岩矿光谱,可以获取组成岩矿的矿物信息,比较适用于野外作业岩矿的快速分析鉴定及成分初步分析。     

独立成分分析及其在图像处理中的应用

独立成分分析是一种新的信号处理技术,在数字图像处理的诸多方向均表现出其独特性。对独立成分分析(ICA,Independent Component Analysis)及其在图像处理中的应用进行了综述。简要介绍了独立成分分析的数学模型,给出了极大化非高斯性的ICA估计方法、极大似然ICA估计方法、极小化互信息ICA估计方法的目标函数及其优化算法;对ICA在像素级图像融合、运动目标检测、人脸检测及特征提取、大脑信号和图像分析、数字水印、有噪图像分离等方向的应用研究进行了评述,进而显示ICA的应用价值和发展空间。     

基于核独立成分分析的人脸识别

研究一种基于核独立成分分析的人脸识别方法。利用支持向量机的核函数思想,将原始人脸图像向量映射到高维特征空间,然后在高维特征空间中进行独立成分分析(ICA),提取非线性独立成分作为特征向量进行分类识别。实验结果表明该方法要比常规的基于ICA和PCA的人脸识别算法的识别率要高。     

基于迭代直方图均衡化的常规光源下水下成像增强算法

为了增强常规光源下水下图像的视觉对比度,提高水下图像的图像质量,提出一种基于迭代直方图均衡化水下图像增强算法.首先通过Retinex模型将水下图像分解为细节层和光照层图像.然后推导出一个图像增强模型,该模型能够在保证韦伯对比度的前提下完成图像增强工作.接着提出一种基于迭代直方图的直方图均衡化算法对光照层图像进行对比度增强,并通过S形状函数对细节层图像进行对比度拉伸.最后,合并拉伸后的细节层图像和增强后的光照层图像,进而获得较佳的图像增强效果.实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提升水下图像的视觉对比度,图像信息熵值及均值结构相似度高于其他算法,图像的视觉效果得到显著提高.     

卷积噪声环境下语音信号鲁棒特征提取

提出了一种基于独立分量分析(ICA)的语音信号鲁棒特征提取算法,用以解决在卷积噪声环境下语音信号的训练与识别特征不匹配的问题。该算法通过短时傅里叶变换将带噪语音信号从时域转换到频域后,采用复值ICA方法从带噪语音的短时谱中分离出语音信号的短时谱,然后根据所得到的语音信号短时谱计算美尔倒谱系数(MFCC)及其一阶差分作为特征参数。在仿真与真实环境下汉语数字语音识别实验中,所提算法相比较传统的MFCC其识别正确率分别提升了34.8%和32.6%。实验结果表明基于ICA方法的语音特征在卷积噪声环境下具有良好的鲁棒性。      

利用动态接收增益提高磁共振成像信噪比的方法

提出了一种提高磁共振成像(MRI)信噪比的有效方法.该方法在每次采集回波信号前,能够快速、灵活地控制MRI接收机的增益,实现磁共振信号动态范围的压缩;在图像重建之前采用双精度浮点运算扩展动态范围压缩的磁共振信号,最终得到信噪比提高的重建图像.在1.5 T超导MRI系统上进行了自旋回波序列的水模成像,实验结果表明,相比传统的基于固定接收增益的扫描图像,利用该方法得到的T1加权图像信噪比可以提高10%.和其他提高磁共振信号动态范围的方法相比,该方法无需增加额外硬件电路,避免多次采集图像,因而具有实现成本低的优点,是一种提高MRI信噪比的有效方法.     

基于邻域向量主成分分析图像增强的弱小损伤目标检测方法

提出了基于邻域向量主成分分析(NVPCA)图像增强的弱小损伤目标检测方法.该方法将损伤图像中的每个像素和它的8邻域像素看作一个列向量参加运算,由每个像素生成的所有列向量构建一个9维的数据立方体,通过PCA变换后中间像素和邻域像素之间不相关,消除小目标和邻域像素之间的相关性,这样9维数据立方体的主要信息将集中在第一维,则变换后的第一维数据为NVPCA图像.另外,使用局域对比度法对NVPCA图像再一次进行处理后,获得了较好的图像增强效果.最后,使用区域增长法将损伤目标从背景中分离出来.实验结果表明,该方法能够检测损伤大小为1个像素和处于局部亮区的损伤目标,满足了在线光学元件损伤检测光学系统对于损伤目标精度的要求.     

基于独立分量分析和粒子群算法的太阳能电池表面缺陷红外热成像检测

根据红外成像特性及太阳能电池电致发光原理,研究一种基于限制式独立分量分析(ICA)模型和粒子群优化(PSO)方法的太阳能电池组件表面缺陷检测方法。利用太阳能电池红外图像的结构特点,首先设计一种ICA滤波器,并使用具有多方向搜索特性的PSO算法来求解ICA的分离矩阵,求解中加入限制式,使图像正常区域经滤波后有一致的反应值并有效凸显缺陷区域。然后使用ICA滤波器对图像进行旋积运算,最后使用阈值分割得到检测结果。实验结果表明,提出的ICA滤波检测方法对太阳能电池组件表面缺陷检测效果显著,检测精度高,能很好地区分背景和缺陷。     

基于最大信噪比测量两相流速度

为了克服噪声对信号的影响,提出一种利用最大信噪比和相关法测量两相流速度的方法.基于最大信噪比的信号分离方法是一种盲源信号分离方法,该算法利用统计独立信号完全分离时信噪比最大作为分离准则,它具有非常低的计算复杂度.这里首先利用盲源信号分离方法分别提取出上游和下游两相流信号,并据此求出两相流信号的相关函数曲线,由此求出信号的渡越时间,最后给出仿真实验的处理结果.实验结果表明该方法能够满足两相流速度的测量要求.     

Time-delay estimation of acoustic emission signals using ICA

Acoustic emission (AE) analysis is used for characterization and location of developing defects in materials. AE sources often generate a mixture of various statistically independent signals. One difficult problem of AE analysis is the separation and characterization of signal components when the signals from various sources and the way in which the signals were mixed are unknown. Recently, blind source separation by independent component analysis (ICA) has been used to solve these problems. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of ICA to time-delay (T-D) estimation of two independent continuous AE sources on an aluminum beam. It is shown that it is possible to estimate T-Ds by ICA, and thus to locate two independent simultaneously emitted sources.     

Blind source separation of multichannel electroencephalogram based on wavelet transform and ICA

Combination of the wavelet transform and independent component analysis （ICA） was employed for blind source separation （BSS） of multichannel electroencephalogram （EEG）. After denoising the original signals by discrete wavelet transform, high frequency components of some noises and artifacts were removed from the original signals. The denoised signals were reconstructed again for the purpose of ICA, such that the drawback that ICA cannot distinguish noises from source signals can be overcome effectively. The practical processing results showed that this method is an effective way to BSS of multichannel EEG. The method is actually a combination of wavelet transform with adaptive neural network, so it is also useful for BBS of other complex signals.     

A Gabor subband decomposition ICA and MRF hybrid algorithm for infrared image reconstruction from subpixel shifted sequences

An image blind reconstruction, as a blind source separation problem, has been solved recently by independent component analysis (ICA). Based on ICA theory, in this paper, a high resolution image is reconstructed from low resolution and subpixel shifted sequences captured by infrared microscan imaging system. The algorithm has the attractive feature that neither the prior knowledge of the blur kernel nor the value of subpixel misregistrations between the input channels is required. The statistical independence in the image domain is improved by the multiscale Gabor subband decompositions, which are designed for the best ability to cover the whole spatial frequency and to avoid overlapping between the subbands. The mutual information is employed to locate a subband with the least dependent components. In terms of MAP estimator, we combine the super-Gaussian with Markov random field to form a hybrid image distribution. This strategy helps to estimate the separating matrix reasonable to extract the sources with the image properties, that is, sharp enough as well as correlative in local area. The proposed algorithm is capable of performing high resolution image sources which are not strictly independent, and its viability is proved by the computer simulations and real experiments.     

Discussion on the choice of separated components in fMRI data analysis by spatial independent component analysis

By measuring the changes of magnetic resonance signals during a stimulation, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is able to localize the neural activation in the brain. In this report, we discuss the fMRI application of the spatial independent component analysis (spatial ICA), which maximizes statistical independence over spatial images. Included simulations show the possibility of the spatial ICA on discriminating asynchronous activations or different response patterns in an fMRI data set. An in vivo visual stimulation fMRI test was conducted, and the result shows a proper sum of the separated components as the final image is better than a single component, using fMRI data analysis by spatial ICA. Our result means that spatial ICA is a useful tool for the detection of different response activations and suggests that a proper sum of the separated independent components should be used for the imaging result of fMRI data processing.     

基于图像块能量梯度的多聚焦图像融合

针对多聚焦图像,提出一种基于图像分块的融合方法。将源图像分为大小相同数量相等的子块,采用能量梯度算子作为对焦评价函数,计算各个图像子块能量梯度匹配度,设置匹配度阈值分离出源图像中的清晰区域。源图像中的清晰区域直接作为融合图像相应的区域,其它区域的处理中,构造与相应子块能量梯度大小相关的图像序列,以及像素点到各个子块中心距离相关的融合函数,然后用融合函数对图像序列融合。实验结果表明该方法有效性和合理性。     

A new wavelet-based reconstruction algorithm for twin image removal in digital in-line holography

Two original methods are proposed here for digital in-line hologram processing. Firstly, we propose an entropy-based method to retrieve the focus plane which is very useful for digital hologram reconstruction. Secondly, we introduce a new approach to remove the so-called twin images reconstructed by holograms. This is achieved owing to the Blind Source Separation (BSS) technique. The proposed method is made up of two steps: an Adaptive Quincunx Lifting Scheme (AQLS) and a statistical unmixing algorithm. The AQLS tool is based on wavelet packet transform, whose role is to maximize the sparseness of the input holograms. The unmixing algorithm uses the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) tool. Experimental results confirm the ability of convolutive blind source separation to discard the unwanted twin image from in-line digital holograms.