用变分法研究高阶色散和五阶非线性对高斯脉冲在光纤中传输特性的影响

从修正的非线性薛定谔方程出发,采用变分法,导出了在高阶色散和五阶非线性共同作用情况下高斯型脉冲参量随传输距离的演化方程组;求出了振幅与脉宽、频率与啁啾、脉宽与啁啾之间的三个重要约束关系;并进一步得出了脉宽随传输距离演化的解析解和脉冲中心位置随传输距离的演化规律;描绘了高阶色散和五阶非线性下,脉宽随传输距离演化的图形.结果表明:光纤中的高阶色散和五阶非线性都会影响高斯型脉冲各个参量的演化,但脉宽和振幅间的绝热关系并未改变.高阶色散使高斯型脉冲的脉宽展宽,五阶非线性使高斯型脉冲的脉宽压缩,它们对脉宽或初始啁啾的影响可以在一定程度上抵消,从而有可能使脉冲近似实现保形传输.     

自相似抛物脉冲光纤放大器中超短脉冲的演化特性

采用色散长度、非线性长度和增益系数作为自相似抛物脉冲光纤放大器的特征参量,用分步傅里叶方法数值模拟了输入超短脉冲在光纤放大器中的演化规律.研究了色散长度和非线性长度对脉冲自相似演化的影响,获得了放大器中脉冲实现自相似演化的条件.研究了增益系数对脉冲自相似演化的形成和放大传输的影响,发现增益系数可以影响脉冲的演化进程和结果.     

高非线性光纤产生自相似抛物线脉冲的特性研究

基于脉冲在光纤中传输所满足的非线性薛定谔方程,采用数值计算的方法对脉冲在高非线性光纤中演化成自相似抛物线脉冲的传输特性进行了研究。结果表明,脉冲在不同初始能量和啁啾参量的情况下,高非线性光纤产生自相似抛物线脉冲,且随着归一化长度的增大,脉冲的自相似指数从0.0796减小到0.0720。进一步的研究表明:啁啾高斯脉冲在光纤传输过程中,脉冲逐渐展宽,同时正啁啾越大,其自相似演化结果越差;参数N=8的正负啁啾脉冲分别演化成平顶自相似抛物线脉冲以及三角形脉冲。     

增益色散和双光子吸收对光纤放大器中自相似脉冲的影响

以包含增益色散、增益饱和、三阶色散、自陡峭、自频移等高阶效应的光纤放大器为研究对象,对其产生渐近抛物型自相似脉冲的条件及传输特性进行了详细的讨论.结果表明,合理选择系统参数,在渐近约束条件下,可以获得不同振幅和脉宽大小的自相似脉冲;此外,非线性增益(或吸收)与非线性谱宽限制在自相似脉冲存在的范围内近似成线性比例关系,且脉冲的有效脉宽,功率,峰值振幅及能量的大小及增长速度也将随参数的变化面变化.相关结果将为实验中调节光纤放大器以及系统参数的选择提供一定的理论参考.     

色散渐减光纤中超连续谱产生的数值模拟及优化

从脉冲在光纤中传输所遵循的广义非线性薛定谔方程出发,通过数值模拟对色散渐减光纤产生超连续谱(SC)进行了研究.结果表明:色散渐减光纤的色散斜率k、色散参量D0、参量L0和R及脉冲的峰值功率、脉冲宽度对SC谱的产生有着极其重要影响;在色散渐减光纤产生超连续谱的过程中,三、四阶群速度色散甚至更高阶群速度色散对超连续谱的影响完全可以忽略,但高阶非线性效应对SC谱的产生影响很小;计算表明对光纤和脉冲的各参量进行优化选择后,可以获得宽而平坦的超连续谱.     

非线性偏振旋转锁模自相似脉冲光纤激光器的研究

利用耦合非线性薛定谔方程（CNLSE）为非线性偏振旋转（NPE）锁模自相似光纤激光器建立了一种新的数值模型.模型中,用CNLSE描述脉冲在单模光纤中的传播,在增益光纤中同时考虑了增益带宽和增益饱和作用,用传输矩阵描述构成NPE锁模的光学元件.优化了腔内净色散和光纤长度等参数,模拟了脉冲在激光腔内的演化特性,得到了典型的自相似脉冲运行区域及特点.在最佳自相似脉冲运行区域内,得到了能量约为7 nJ、脉宽约11 ps、线性啁啾的抛物脉冲.比较了不同腔内净色散条件下输出脉冲的特点,给出了三阶色散对输出脉冲的影响. 关键词： 自相似脉冲 非线性偏振旋转锁模 耦合非线性薛定谔方程 数值模拟     

色散渐减光纤中超连续谱产生的数值模拟及优化

从脉冲在光纤中传输所遵循的广义非线性薛定谔方程出发,通过数值模拟对色散渐减光纤产生超连续谱(SC)进行了研究.结果表明:色散渐减光纤的色散斜率k、色散参量D0、参量L0和R及脉冲的峰值功率、脉冲宽度对SC谱的产生有着极其重要影响|在色散渐减光纤产生超连续谱的过程中,三、四阶群速度色散甚至更高阶群速度色散对超连续谱的影响完全可以忽略,但高阶非线性效应对SC谱的产生影响很小|计算表明对光纤和脉冲的各参量进行优化选择后,可以获得宽而平坦的超连续谱.     

超短激光脉冲在不同色散参量光子晶体光纤中传输的数值模拟

为了使得数值模拟更为精确,采用广义非线性薛定谔方程(GNSE)描述超短激光脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的传输演化过程,并利用二阶分步傅里叶方法通过求解方程,数值计算了相同脉宽和能量的超短脉冲在不同色散参量的光子晶体光纤中非线性传输和超连续谱的产生。比较了超短脉冲在光纤不同色散区传输时,高阶色散和非线性效应对超连续谱的产生以及对脉冲波形演化的影响。结果表明,相对于超短脉冲中心波长位于光子晶体光纤的正常和反常色散区,可以相应获得短波波段和长波波段的超连续谱输出,当超短脉冲中心波长位于零色散波长点时,通过色散和非线性效应的联合作用,更易于产生全波长段的平坦超连续谱。     

掺镱光纤放大器中自相似脉冲传输特性研究

研究了高阶色散和增益色散影响下,自相似脉冲在掺镱光纤放大器中的传输特性.从解析求解和数值模拟两方面分别阐述了初始脉冲能量、三阶色散和偶极子驰豫时间对脉冲传输质量的影响.结果表明,当传输考虑三阶色散效应时,伴随着脉冲啁啾非线性区域的扩大,啁啾中心随着色散系数取值的大小和正负前、后移动,脉冲峰向一侧延迟,中心位置发生漂移.增益色散对脉冲放大起到滤波作用,对自相似脉冲具有压窄效应.证实了具有一定驰豫时间的增益介质能够维持自相似孤子波的稳定传输.     

高能量无波分裂超短脉冲自相似传输的理论研究和数值模拟

从非线性薛定谔方程出发，对SPM作用引起传输脉冲的相位作了合理近似，引入了频谱展宽因子，发现在存在增益时正色散光纤的SPM作用加剧了脉冲频谱展宽幅度，并且脉冲中心和两翼部分的频谱展宽差异很大.给出了存在增益的正色散光纤中高斯型脉冲自相似传输的时域演化，揭示了脉冲展宽的中心部分对边翼部分挤压和覆盖及最终形成自相似脉冲的过程，提出了自相似传输现象的一种合理解释.并通过数值模拟三种不同形状初始脉冲的自相似演化过程对提出的理论进行了验证.     

Self-similar propagation region in passive optical fibers based on low-order approximation

For the first time, we numerically demonstrate that similaritons in passive fibers can only propagate with parabolic profile without oscillations in a limited self-similar propagation region when low-order approximation is applied. Dispersion-decreasing fiber (DDF) and nonlinearity increasing fiber (NIF) are used here to generate self-similar pulse in different passive ways. Moreover, we put forward several self-similar features to judge effective similariton propagation and determine self-similar region by numerical simulations and waveform observation. Finally we compare in DDF and NIF the dependence of these regions on incident pulse and fiber parameters in order to obtain parabolic similariton more effectively and steadily. These results extend the low-order propagation properties in passive fibers and are beneficial for the generation of high-quality similariton pulse by parameter selection in experimental studies and practical applications.     

Efficient dispersion tailoring by designing alternately arranged dispersion compensating fibers and fiber amplifiers to create self-similar parabolic pulses

The parabolic similariton pulse formation by alternate arrangements of passive and active dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) is presented here. These combinations of passive and active DCFs with constant core radii and constant nonlinearities are suggested as equivalent profiles of a dispersion tailored fiber amplifier in normal dispersion regime. The dispersion tailored fibers, usually known as dispersion decreasing fibers (DDFs) in normal dispersion regime, are capable of producing linearly chirped parabolic self-similar pulses. The DDF is designed and optimized with proper choice of fiber parameters so that considerable variation of nonlinearity can be achieved, which in turn enhances the effective gain coefficient of the fiber. Inclusion of this nonlinear variation along the DDF amplifier length leads to obtain the simulated output pulses with very small misfit parameters with respect to perfect parabolic pulse at sufficiently reduced optimum length. At the same time to avoid the fabrication difficulties of the DDF, the alternately arranged passive and active DCFs are suggested as suitable alternatives of the DDF. The performances of the cascaded systems for generation of self-similar parabolic pulses are compared with that of the DDF amplifier as well as combined systems consisting of DCFs with equal gain. The results show that the proposed alternately arranged cascaded system with less pumping requirements, are efficient enough to produce similar parabolic pulses as compared to the previously designed DDF, even when considerable amount of splice loss at each joint is included.     

利用非线性脉冲预整形实现脉冲快速自相似放大

报道了一种通过预先对信号光脉冲非线性整形, 进而在光纤放大器中实现自相似演化的方法. 利用透射光栅对和普通单模光纤组成被动脉冲整形装置, 预先优化脉冲的时域宽度和光谱质量, 使脉冲在光纤放大器中快速演化到自相似子. 研究中首先通过数值模拟对比, 说明了非线性整形对脉冲实现快速自相似放大的关键作用, 提高了放大器输出脉冲质量, 减小了去啁啾脉冲宽度. 实验中, 通过优化非线性整形输出, 在2.2 m 长的掺Yb³⁺光纤中, 在一定抽运功率范围内均实现了脉冲自相似放大, 去啁啾后得到脉冲宽度60 fs 的变换极限脉冲输出. 这种非线性脉冲预整形方法有效减小了 自相似演化所需光纤长度, 同时降低了自相似放大对种子源质量的要求, 首次将全正色散光纤锁模激光器成功用于自相似放大, 促进了当前自相似放大系统的全光纤化. 关键词： 非线性整形 光纤放大器 自相似放大 飞秒激光     

凹形色散分布光纤中超连续谱特性分析

比较了在不同色散分布的色散渐减光纤中超连续（SC）谱的产生。结果表明,当光纤的色散值关于中心波长对称、且随着传输距离增加,经由反常色散区过渡到正常色散区的、凹形色散分布的色散渐减光纤更有利于产生平坦、带宽的超连续谱。从频域的全场方程出发,模拟了脉冲在光纤中的传输情形,发现脉冲在凹形色散分布的光纤中传输时,不仅在反常色散区能更大程度被压缩,在正常色散区由于存在零色散波长点,还能更进一步展宽,从而得到更宽、更平坦的超连续谱。在谱强为-27dB时,谱宽可达到298nm,比相同情况下的凸形色散的光纤中超连续谱增宽97nm。结果显示,凹形色散分布的光纤比凸形色散分布的光纤在超连续谱的产生上有更明显的优势,可以得到更宽的超连续谱。     

Self-similar amplification in fiber Bragg gratings written in fiber amplifiers

We show, by using numerical simulations, that self-similar pulses with a duration on the order of few nanoseconds and an energy on the order of 10?μJ can be obtained at the output of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) written in a fiber amplifier. The evolution of the amplified pulses is determined by the combined effect of Kerr nonlinearity, normal-dispersion, gain, and gain saturation, which limit the pulse energy. The output pulse mainly depends on the initial pulse energy rather than on the initial pulse profile. The reduced group velocity in FBGs can significantly increase the total gain for a given amplifier length. Hence we find that the proposed amplification scheme can be highly advantageous for amplification of nanosecond-scale pulses in fiber amplifiers.     

Generation of the self-similar parabolic pulses by designing comb-like profiled dispersion fiber based on alternately arranged single-mode fibers and dispersion-shifted fibers

Based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the linearly chirped parabolic pulse generation in the dispersion decreasing fiber with normal dispersion, a novel scheme for the generation of the self-similar parabolic pulse via a comb-like profiled dispersion fiber with normal group-velocity dispersion has been proposed and the corresponding model is established. We study, analytically and numerically, the evolution of the self-similar parabolic pulse in comb-like profiled dispersion fiber with dispersion profile close to that of the dispersion decreasing fiber, and the influence of different initial energies and pulse widths on the linearly chirped parabolic pulse formation in the comb-like profiled dispersion fiber. The results show that the evolution of the self-similar parabolic pulses can realized in the comb-like profiled dispersion fiber, the results of which are in good agreement with these of the dispersion decreasing fiber, and the best-matched scheme of designing and optimizing comb-like profiled dispersion fiber will help to obtain the ideal similaritons.     

Pulse Amplification in Dispersion-Decreasing Fibers with Symbolic Computation

The pulse amplification in the dispersion-decreasing fiber (DDF) isinvestigated via symbolic computation to solve the variable-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the effects of third-order dispersion, self-steepening, and stimulated Raman scattering. The analytic one-soliton solution of this model is obtained with a set of parametricconditions. Based on this solution, the fundamental soliton is shown to be amplified in the DDF. The comparison of the amplitude of pulses for different dispersion profiles of the DDF is also performed through the graphical analysis. The results of this paper would be of certain value to the study of signal amplification and pulse compression.     

色散渐减光纤的脉冲压缩研究

介绍了色散渐减光纤的绝热孤子压缩(ASC)过程，分析结果表明利用线性渐减的色散渐减光 纤(DDF)对飞秒基态孤子进行绝热压缩可以得到高质量的压缩脉冲，但用于压缩的DDF长度很 长，因此又提出DDF的高阶孤子(1＜N≤21)脉冲压缩技术，以在较短的DDF长度下获得 较大压缩比和高质量的压缩脉冲. 关键词： 色散渐减光纤 绝热孤子压缩 脉冲压缩 高阶孤子     

高功率脉冲在大模场掺Yb3+光纤中的自相似传输放大特性

分析了高功率脉冲在增益光纤中传输放大时非线性薛定谔方程的自相似解,得出注入光的脉宽和能量满足一定关系时,优化增益光纤的长度,才能满足种子光脉冲在增益光纤中的自相似传输放大.揭示了高功率种子光脉冲在光纤中自相似演化的特征参量.此外,模拟了注入能量为400 pJ,脉宽为200 fs,波形分别为正割、高斯以及3阶超高斯的种子光脉冲在纤芯为30μm的大模场增益光纤中的传输放大特性.结果表明3种波形的种子光脉冲的时间波形与光谱均演化为抛物形,时间波形与光谱均发生展宽,但光谱两侧均发生抖动.自相似传输放大后,脉冲为线性啁啾,易于压缩,对实现全光纤高功率超短脉冲产生系统具有重要意义.