RhnAl(n=1-6)团簇结构和磁性的研究

用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似方法研究了RhnAl(n=1~6)团簇的结构和磁性。结果表明：Rhn-1Al和Rhn (n=2~7)团簇结构是相似的,结合能随团簇尺寸变化趋势一致,原子间的s,p,d轨道杂化使得RhnAl团簇更加稳定。几乎所有Rh原子都是电子受体,Al-Rh键长越小,Rh原子得电子就越多。团簇磁矩主要来自Rh原子的贡献,Rh原子的4d轨道磁矩是Rh原子磁矩的主要部分。Al原子失去的电子越多,则其磁矩就相对越小。     

碳掺杂铝团簇AlnC(n=6、7)的电子结构与稳定性

利用从头计算方法优化了Al6C和Al7C的稳定结构,分析了掺入C原子对铝团簇的稳定性及电子结构的影响.计算表明Al6C存在多个能量相近的异构体.在铝团簇中掺入碳原子后C-Al之间形成很强的键,碳原子处在团簇中间并使团簇的稳定性有很大的增加.电子结构的分析表明铝团簇中掺入碳后C的2p和Al的3s轨道形成很好的重叠,并且Al的3p电子转移到C原子使C的2p轨道完全占据.无论是纯的或掺碳的铝团簇,最高的占据轨道均由Al的3p轨道组成,能级位置变化不大.     

BnTi(n=1-12)团簇的结构, 电子性质和磁性

利用密度泛函理论广义梯度近似方法得到了BnTi(n=1-12)团簇的基态结构, 并讨论了电子性质和磁性质. 结果表明, n≤5 时, BnTi 基态结构呈平面或准平面, n>5 时, Ti 原子倾向于与较多的B 原子成键而呈三维结构. 由二阶能量差分得出B3Ti, B5Ti, B10Ti 为幻数团簇. Mulliken 布居分析显示BnTi 团簇中电荷由Ti 原子向近邻B 原子转移且以共价键与离子键共存; 除BTi 磁矩为5 μB 外, 其余团簇磁矩处于0-2 μB 之间; 团簇总磁矩主要由Ti 原子的3d 轨道和个别B 原子提供. B3Ti和B7Ti 团簇中, B 原子表现为反铁磁性.     

BnTi(n=1-12)团簇的结构, 电子性质和磁性

利用密度泛函理论广义梯度近似方法得到了BnTi(n=1-12)团簇的基态结构, 并讨论了电子性质和磁性质. 结果表明, n≤5 时, BnTi 基态结构呈平面或准平面, n>5 时, Ti 原子倾向于与较多的B 原子成键而呈三维结构. 由二阶能量差分得出B3Ti, B5Ti, B10Ti 为幻数团簇. Mulliken 布居分析显示BnTi 团簇中电荷由Ti 原子向近邻B 原子转移且以共价键与离子键共存; 除BTi 磁矩为5 μB 外, 其余团簇磁矩处于0-2 μB 之间; 团簇总磁矩主要由Ti 原子的3d 轨道和个别B 原子提供. B3Ti和B7Ti 团簇中, B 原子表现为反铁磁性.     

Rh_nAl(n=1～6)团簇结构和磁性的研究

用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似方法研究了Rh_nAl(n=1～6)团簇的结构和磁性.结果表明:Rh(_n-1)Al和Rh_n(n=2～7)团簇结构是相似的,结合能随团簇尺寸变化趋势一致,原子间的s,p,d轨道杂化使得Rh_nAl团簇更加稳定.几乎所有Rh原子都是电子受体,Al-Rh键长越小.Rh原子得电子就越多.团簇磁矩主要来自Rh原子的贡献,Rh原子的4d轨道磁矩是Rh原子磁矩的主要部分.Al原子失去的电子越多,则其磁矩就相对越小.     

碳掺杂铝团簇AlnC（n=6、7）的电子结构与稳定性

摘要 利用从头计算方法优化了Al6C和Al7C的稳定结构,分析了掺入C原子对铝团簇的稳定性及电子结构的影响．计算表明Al6C存在多个能量相近的异构体．在铝团簇中掺入碳原子后C─Al之间形成很强的键,碳原子处在团簇中间并使团簇的稳定性有很大的增加．电子结构的分析表明铝团簇中掺入碳后C的2p和Al的3s轨道形成很好的重叠,并且Al的3p电子转移到C原子使C的2p轨道完全占据．无论是纯的或掺碳的铝团簇,最高的占据轨道均由Al的3p轨道组成,能级位置变化不大．     

(TiO2)n(n=3-6)团簇吸附水分子的理论研究

给出了优化小分子在团簇表面吸附结构的遗传算法.结合经验势函数,搜寻了水分子在(TiO2)n(n=3-6)团簇上可能的吸附方式;利用B3LYP/6-31G**方法对各种吸附结构进行了优化.结果表明水分子主要通过O原子以非解离方式吸附到团簇中配位数较低或位置比较凸出的Ti原子上.分子轨道分析表明,水分子与团簇之间的成键主要来自吸附位Ti原子3s3p轨道的贡献,水分子的轨道保持了气相水分子中的基本特征,但离域化程度增大.NBO分析表明,Ti原子通过3sp向水中氧原子转移电荷,而水分子又通过轨道离域把电荷反馈到由Ti的3d4s等轨道形成的反键轨道.虽然吸附后水中O,H原子的净电量增加,但O-H键减弱.吸附后水分子的振动频率发生红移.     

Mg14B30笼状团簇结构与性质的理论研究

运用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上优化得到了一种Mg₁₄B₃₀团簇稳定的笼状结构,包括4个Mg原子层和3个B原子层.18个B原子组成的圆环层内B-B键长为0.155～0.157 nm,三角形层内B-B键长为0.161 nm; Mg原子层内Mg-Mg键长为0.305 nm;层间B-Mg键长在0.221～0.260 nm之间;从中间向两侧,Mg、B原子层间距分别为0.180、0.107和0.188 nm.Mg₁₄B₃₀团簇笼状结构中Mg原子和B原子之间发生了大量的电子转移,在B原子层堆积了大量的电子,而且随着团簇的生长,层间电荷转移大量增加;表明MgB₂的超导作用主要发生在B原子层,而Mg原子起了提供电子的作用.B原子主要是sp杂化轨道参与成键,Mg原子主要是s轨道参与成键;体系中前线分子轨道均包含B原子层内多个原子形成的π键轨道、电子存在较强的离域性,这也为其超导电性提供了条件.     

Ge_nMn(n=1-13)团簇的稳定结构、电子性质和磁性研究

基于全电子的密度泛函理论,对GenMn(n=1-13)团簇的结构和电子、磁特性进行了研究,结果表明:GenMn(n=1-7)团簇的最稳定结构是在Gen+1团簇的最稳态结构的基础上用Mn原子替代一个角位的Ge原子获得;纯锗团簇的稳态结构为空心的笼状或扁长的棒状构型,而GenMn(n=8-13)趋于以二十面体为基础生长,即掺杂Mn可以使锗团簇趋于密实结构生长;除Ge3Mn团簇的总自旋磁矩是5μB外,其他掺杂团簇总自旋磁矩都是3μB或1μB,而且主要是由Mn原子3d轨道电子提供的,且3d轨道的磁矩大小与4s,3d轨道间电子的转移程度有着直接的关系;计算得到的Mn原子居于中心的六棱柱形结构的Ge12Mn团簇,无论是几何结构还是化学活性方面都是最稳定的.     

GenMn(n=1-13)团簇的稳定结构、电子性质和磁性研究

基于全电子的密度泛函理论,对GenMn (n=1-13)团簇的结构和电子、磁特性进行了研究,结果表明：GenMn(n=1-7)团簇的最稳定结构是在Gen+1团簇的最稳态结构的基础上用Mn原子替代一个角位的Ge原子获得;纯锗团簇的稳态结构为空心的笼状或扁长的棒状构型,而GenMn(n=8-13)趋于以二十面体为基础生长,即掺杂Mn可以使锗团簇趋于密实结构生长;除Ge3Mn团簇的总磁矩是5μB外,其他掺杂团簇总磁矩都是3μB或1μB,而且主要是由Mn原子3d轨道电子提供的,且3d轨道的磁矩大小与4s,3d轨道间电子的转移程度有着直接的关系;计算得到的Mn原子居于中心的六棱柱形结构的Ge12Mn团簇,无论是几何结构还是化学活性方面都是最稳定的．     

Effects of charging and doping on orbital hybridizations and distributions in TiO2 clusters

Charging and doping are two important strategies used in TiO₂ quantum dots for photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Using small clusters as the prototypes for quantum dots, we have carried out density functional calculations to study the size-specific effects of charging and doping on geometry, electronic structure, frontier orbital distribution, and orbital hybridization. We find that in neutral (TiO₂)_n clusters the charge transfer from Ti to O is almost size independent, while for the anionic (TiO₂)_n clusters the corresponding charge transfer is reduced but it increases with size. When one O atom is substituted with N, the charge transfer is also reduced due to the smaller electron affinity of N. As the cluster size increases, the populations of 3d and 4s orbitals of Ti decrease with size, while the populations of the 4p orbital increase, suggesting size dependence of spd hybridizations. The present study clearly shows that charging and doping are effective ways for tailoring the energy gap, orbital distributions, and hybridizations.     

Local effect of Na adsorption on Cu(111)

The local effect of Na adsorbed on Cu(111) at very low coverage is studied with the Density Functional Theory. We find that the Na atom and its three nearest neighbor Cu atoms tend to form a small cluster, with the Na effect on surface being localized. The Mulliken occupation, density of state, interatomic energy, and interorbital energy show that the electron transfer mainly occurs from the 2p and 3s orbitals of Na atom to the 3d and 4s orbitals of the nearest neighbor Cu atoms, with the formation of a bond with four components that have different energies. In the anti-bonding state region, the 2p state of Na plays a key role in the bond, while in the bonding state region, not only the 2p state of Na has a very significant contribution, but the 3s state (which is the outermost Na orbital) also contributes to the bond between Na and the Cu(111) surface.     

Density functional study on structural and electronic properties of bimetallic gold--yttrium clusters: comparison with pure gold and yttrium clusters

Employing first-principles methods, based on the density functional theory, this paper investigates the ground state geometric and electronic properties of pure gold clusters, pure yttrium clusters and gold clusters doped each with one yttrium atom. It is shown that the average bond lengths in the Augold--yttrium bimetallic cluster, density functional theory, HOMO--LUMO gap, equilibrium structureProject supported by the Education Committee of Chongqing (Grant No KJ051105) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10276028).3640, 3640B, 3120A, 3130J9/1/2007 12:00:00 AMEmploying first-principles methods, based on the density functional theory, this paper investigates the ground state geometric and electronic properties of pure gold clusters, pure yttrium clusters and gold clusters doped each with one yttrium atom. It is shown that the average bond lengths in the Augold--yttrium bimetallic cluster, density functional theory, HOMO--LUMO gap, equilibrium structureProject supported by the Education Committee of Chongqing (Grant No KJ051105) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10276028).3640, 3640B, 3120A, 3130J9/1/2007 12:00:00 AMEmploying first-principles methods, based on the density functional theory, this paper investigates the ground state geometric and electronic properties of pure gold clusters, pure yttrium clusters and gold clusters doped each with one yttrium atom. It is shown that the average bond lengths in the Au$_{n - 1}$Y($n \le $9) bimetallic clusters are shorter than those in the corresponding pure gold and yttrium clusters. The most stable isomers of the yttrium-doped gold clusters tend to equally delocalize valence s, p and d electrons of the constituent atoms over the entire structure. The Y atom has maximum number of neighbouring Au atom, which tends to be energetically favourable in the lowest-energy equilibrium structures, because the Au--Y bond is stronger than the Au-Au bond. The three-dimensional isomers of Au$_{n - 1}$Y structures are found in an early appearance starting at $n$=5 (Au$_{4}$Y). Calculated vertical ionization potential and electron affinities as a function of the cluster size show odd-even oscillatory behaviour, and resemble pure gold clusters. However, one of the most striking feature of pure yttrium clusters is the absence of odd-even alternation, in agreement with mass spectrometric observations. The HOMO--LUMO gap of Au$_{3}$Y is the biggest in all the doped Au$_{n - 1}$Y($n \le $9) bimetallic clusters.     

A DFT study on small M-doped titanium (M = V, Fe, Ni) clusters: structures, chemical bonds and magnetic properties

The equilibrium structures, electronic properties of bimetallic Ti_1-4M (M=V, Fe, Ni) clusters are investigated by using the density functional method within generalized gradient approximation in conjunction with the valence basis set. Considering the spin multiplicity effect, the geometries with different spins are optimized to find the ground states. For the ground states, the natural bonding orbital analysis (NBO) is performed and shows that the 4s electrons always transfer to the 3d orbital in the bonding atoms so that 4s and 3d orbitals hybridize with each other. The electron transfers from Ti atoms to the ‘impurity’ atoms (V, Fe, and Ni) are also found. The two kinds of electron transfer mechanisms are considered to be the contributor for the stabilities of the studied clusters. The Wiberg bond order and AIM (atoms in molecules) analyses indicate that the relative stabilities of chemical bonds are: $\text{Ti-V/Ti-Fe} > \text{Ti-Ti} > \text{Ti-Ni}$\text{Ti-V/Ti-Fe} > \text{Ti-Ti} > \text{Ti-Ni}. The spin magnetic moments are found to be mostly located at Ti atoms. Several clusters like Ti₂V, Ti₃V, Ti₃Ni and Ti₄Ni present the high moments.     

Theoretical study of oxygen chemisorption on zinc surface by cluster models

Theoretical calculations by DV-Xα-MO have been performed for clusters representing a Zn(0001) surface with oxygen. The calculated DOS is in good agreement with the experimental UPS spectra found by Briggs or by Abbati et al. A large amount of electron flow from Zn atoms into the oxygen atom occurs and this causes (1) a remarkable upward shift of the oxygen 2p level and (2) formation of an unoccupied level near the highest occupied level. The bonds between the oxygen 2p and the zinc 4s or 4p orbitals have a strong bonding character, and the contribution of the zinc 3d orbital to the Zn-O bond is not important.     

非晶态合金Fe80P20局域结构和性质的量子化学研究

利用原子簇模型Fe_4P简化了非晶态合金Fe_(80)P_(20)的局域结构,设计了四方锥、三角双锥、四面体及平面五边形等十几种构型,对其二、四重态分别进行密度泛函(DFT)优化计算,经过频率验证,获得五种稳定构型。从所得优化构型的键长和键级,可以发现原子簇Fe4P较好地反映了非晶态合金Fe_(80)P_(20)的局域结构。考察了各构型间的过渡转化情况,发现二重态构型的稳定性要好于四重态。分析各构型的能量、成键及电子转移情况,发现与P原子成键的Fe原子个数对这些性质影响较为明显。与P原子成键的Fe原子个数越多,体系的能量就越低,越容易存在；P原子的得电子能力随着与其成键Fe原子个数增多而减少,甚至会将失去自身电子转移到金属原子上。同时通过3d轨道布居数,讨论了原子簇的空穴数及磁学性质。     

密度泛函理论研究CO与Nin（n=1—6）团簇的相互作用

采用密度泛函理论对CO吸附在镍团簇表面进行了系统研究.结果表明,Ni_nCO团簇的最低能量结构是在Ni_n团簇最低能量结构的基础上吸附CO生长而成,CO的吸附没有改变Ni_n团簇的结构;CO分子在Ni_n团簇表面发生的是非解离性吸附,与优化的CO键长（0.1138?nm）相比,吸附后C—O键长变长（0.1180—0.1214?nm）,表明吸附后C—O键被削弱,CO分子被活化.自然键轨道分析表明,CO分子只与最近邻的Ni原子发生相互作用;CO分子与Ni原子相互作用的本质是CO分子内的杂化轨道与Ni原子3d, 4s, 4p轨道相互作用的结果. 关键词： nCO团簇')" href="#">Ni_nCO团簇 n团簇')" href="#">Ni_n团簇 平衡结构 电子性质     

羟基水团簇OH~n(H_2O)_3(n=0,±1)的比较研究

使用粒子群优化算法结合从头算方法得到了羟基水团簇OH~n(H_2O)_3(n=0,±1)的低能结构,并对考虑零点能后最稳定的团簇的成键、分子轨道和红外性质进行了对比研究.对最高占据轨道进行键序分析表明:阴离子团簇中的外来电子占据了羟基中的氧原子的空轨道,自由基型团簇中的部分电子从水分子转移到了羟基上,阳离子团簇中形成了很强的氧氧键.对这些团簇的红外谱进行了计算和分析,这将为相关实验提供理论参考.