ZrO2纳米流体的对流换热系数测定及机理浅析

建立了测量圆管内纳米流体流动与传热性能的实验系统,测量了不同粒子浓度的ZrO2/水纳米流体在雷诺数为3 000～18 000范围内的管内对流换热系数以及不同位置处纳米流体对流换热系数的变化情况.实验结果显示,在液体中添加纳米粒子显著增大了液体的管内对流换热系数,例如,在相同雷诺数时,与纯水相比,如果纳米粒子的质量浓度从1.6%增大到4.1%,则纳米流体的对流换热系数增加的比例从1.09增大到1.2.此外,从颗粒的浓度、粒径两方面分析纳米流体强化传热的机理.     

小通道扁管内纳米流体流动与传热特性

建立了测量小通道扁管内纳米流体流动与对流换热性能的实验系统,测量了不同粒子体积份额的水-Cu纳米 流体的管内对流换热系数和摩擦阻力系数,实验结果表明,在相同雷诺数条件下,小通道扁管内纳米流体的对流换热系数 大于纯液体,且随粒子的体积份额的增加而增大,而纳米流体的阻力系数并未明显增大。     

变物性参数对微通道内纳米流体强制对流换热的影响

对二维微通道内Al_2O_3-水纳米流体的强制对流换热进行了数值研究。主要研究纳米流体的变热物性参数、纳米粒子体积分数φ和Re数对纳米流体强制对流换热的影响。研究表明:在Re数和纳米颗粒体积分数φ一定时,变热物性参数纳米流体比定热物性参数纳米流体在微通道内的强制对流换热强。在Re数一定时,随着纳米粒子体积分数φ的增加,纳米流体换热性能增强。在纳米粒子体积分数φ一定时,随着Re数的增加,纳米流体的换热能力也随之增加。     

高温下板翅式回热器翅片性能的试验研究

本文针对微型燃气轮机的板翅式回热器进行高温试验研究。采用等雷诺数法对回热器在600℃高温下进行了传热与阻力性能试验。通过测量冷热两侧的工质流量、进出口温度及进出口压力,得到各工况下回热度、压损及雷诺数(Re)等热力参数。得到该型式翅片表面的强迫对流换热准则关联式,并拟合了传热因子j、阻力因子f和性能综合评价指标PEC与Re的准则关联式,研究发现换热系数随Re的增大而增大,j因子受Re的影响较小,f因子受工质压力的影响较为明显,拟合关联式时应考虑这种影响。同时发现,随着Re的增大,冷热两侧性能综合评价指标均增大。     

不同纳米流体在微通道内的流动传热特性研究

采用数值模拟的方法研究了不同工质在微通道内流动传热特性的差异。对比了去离子水、纳米流体Al₂O₃/Water、CuO/Water、TiO₂/Water、Cu/Water等工质在微通道内的流动传热特性,并研究了纳米颗粒的浓度对流动换热特性的影响。结果表明：CuO/Water作为冷却工质时的对流换热系数比水增加了9.6%,微通道底面平均温度降低了2.6 K,换热性能明显优于其他几种纳米流体。由于纳米颗粒的加入,纳米流体的粘度比水大,进出口的压降比水大。纳米颗粒的体积分数越大,对流换热系数越大,纳米流体在微通道内的换热性能越好。     

纳米流体对流换热系数增大机理

纳米流体流动换热能力优于传统流体介质.研究了纳米流体热物性的提升和热散射对其对流换热系数的影响.结果表明,纳米颗粒的加入,优化了介质的热物性,增大了导热系数,强化了纳米流体内颗粒、流体以及流道管壁碰撞和相互作用,同时加强了流体的混合脉动和湍流,从而增大了对流换热系数. 关键词： 纳米流体 换热系数 热散射     

混合比例对复合纳米流体在微通道内的流动换热特性影响研究

采用两步法制备了不同混合比例的水基Al_2O_3和TiO_2纳米流体,总体积浓度均为0.2%,用热物性分析仪(HotDisk 2500S)测试了其导热系数。将制备好的复合纳米流体应用于硅基微通道热沉内研究了其流动换热特性。微通道水力直径为104.35μm,流道形状分别分为直线型和折线型。研究发现不同混合比例的纳米流体换热效果均强于去离子水。在Re=305时,相较于去离子水,混合比例为1:1的Al_2O_3-TiO_2复合纳米流体在折线型微通道内对流换热系数增加了9.0%。     

DN板通道传热阻力特性的实验和数值研究

本文分别采用了实验和数值模拟两种方法对DN板通道的阻力特性和传热特性进行了研究。本文的实验采用了稳态实验法,数值模拟分别采用了三种典型的湍流模型(LBKE、SKE和SST)。结果显示,平均努塞尔数Nu随雷诺数Re增大而增大;表面换热因子j和阻力系数f随雷诺数Re的增大而增大。拟合得到了该型DN板的传热阻力特性关联式。同时,对数值模拟结果和实验结果进行了对比分析,对比发现,当Re2000时,三种模型对DN板换热能力和摩擦阻力的预测值均偏高;当Re2000时,LBKE模型和SST模型对DN板的换热预测值与实验值吻合较好,但三种模型对DN板通道摩擦阻力系数的预测值均偏低。     

封闭腔内纳米流体强化自然对流换热的数值模拟

采用F luen软件对封闭腔内Cu-H2O纳米流体强化自然对流换热进行了数值模拟,重点分析Cu纳米粒子添加量和Gr数对换热性能的影响,并解释其换热机理。研究结果表明:在水基液中加入Cu纳米粒子可以显著提高基液的自然对流换热特性。对于一给定的Gr数,随着纳米粒子质量分数的增加,纳米流体的速度组成部分增加,纳米流体质量分数越大,x方向和y方向的速度峰越大,因此加速了流体中能量传输。另一方面,随着Gr数的增加,流线图中旋涡逐渐变大,流线间强度增加,说明换热效果逐渐增强。当Gr数较小时,传热主要是由热壁和冷壁之间的热传导引起的,随着Gr数的增大,换热逐渐变为由对流换热占主导地位。     

纳米流体对流换热的实验研究

建立了测量纳米流体对流换热系数的实验系统,测量了不同粒子体积份额的水-Cu纳米流体在层流与湍流状态下的管内对流换热系数,实验结果表明,在液体中添加纳米粒子增大了液体的管内对流换热系数,粒子的体积份额是影响纳米流体对流换热系数的因素之一。综合考虑影响纳米流体对流换热的多种因素,提出了计算纳米流体对流换热系数的关联式。     

Investigation of Laminar Convective Heat Transfer of a Novel Tio2–Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Water-Based Nanofluid

The current study was conducted to investigate the convective heat transfer coefficient of a novel TiO₂–CNT hybrid nanofluid through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger under a laminar flow and the effects of temperature and mass fraction on it. TiO₂–CNT hybrid nanofluids were prepared using a new and modified hydrolysis technique. The thermal conductivity of the TiO₂–CNT hybrid nanofluid and other thermo-physical properties were assessed. Results indicate that the effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient of the base fluid was influenced significantly and increased by the 0.2 wt% of this novel hybrid nanofluid in distilled water.     

几种氧化物纳米流体强化传热性能研究

以水/乙二醇混合液为基液,加入A12O3,MgO和ZnO纳米颗粒配制得到纳米流体.在自制对流传热性能测试平台上进行基液及纳米流体传热性能的测试.结果表明:同基液相比,随流体流速增大,A12O3纳米流体的传热系数变化不明显,MgO和ZnO纳米流体的传热系数均有提高.层流状态下,随雷诺数增大,三种纳米流体的传热系数都不断增...     

Intriguingly high convective heat transfer enhancement of nanofluid coolants in laminar flows

We reported on investigation of the convective heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids as coolants in laminar flows inside a circular copper tube with constant wall temperature. Nanofluids containing Al₂O₃, ZnO, TiO₂, and MgO nanoparticles were prepared with a mixture of 55 vol.% distilled water and 45 vol.% ethylene glycol as base fluid. It was found that the heat transfer behaviors of the nanofluids were highly depended on the volume fraction, average size, species of the suspended nanoparticles and the flow conditions. MgO, Al₂O₃, and ZnO nanofluids exhibited superior enhancements of heat transfer coefficient, with the highest enhancement up to 252% at a Reynolds number of 1000 for MgO nanofluid. Our results demonstrated that these oxide nanofluids might be promising alternatives for conventional coolants.     

Numerical and Experimental Comparative Study on Nanofluids Flow and Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Triangular Duct

Numerical and experimental investigation is carried out to study the effect of combined vortex generator and nanofluids on turbulent heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in an equilateral triangular duct. A triangular duct provides a lower heat transfer rate and lower pressure drop compared to other duct configurations. The improvement of heat transfer of these ducts increases their importance for providing higher heat transfer and lower pressure drop. Two different types of nanoparticles, namely Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, suspended in distilled water with two particle concentrations are successfully prepared and experimentally tested. The numerical and experimental results show dramatic heat transfer enhancement by using a vortex generator and nanofluids, simultaneously accomplished with a moderate increase in the friction factor. A low deviation has been seen between the present numerical and experimental results.     

Studies on Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>, CuO,and TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> water-based nanofluids: A comparative approach in laminar and turbulent flow

The Prandtl number, Reynolds number and Nusselt number are functions of thermophysical properties of nanofluids, and these numbers strongly influence the convective heat transfer coefficient. The thermophysical properties vary with volumetric concentration of nanofluids. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis was performed to evaluate the effects on the performance of nanofluids due to variations of density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and viscosity, which are functions of nanoparticle volume concentration. Three metallic oxides, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), copper oxide (CuO), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), dispersed in water as the base fluid were studied. A convenient figure of merit, known as the Mouromtseff number, is used as a base of comparisonfor laminar and turbulent flows. The results indicated that the considered nanofluids can successfully replace water in specific applications for a single-phase forced convection flow in a tube.     

Analysis of the convective heat transfer characteristics in a two-dimensional cavity subjected to an external magnetic field

Natural convection heat transfer in the presence of a magnetic field has received considerable attention in the past few decades because of its various applications in industrial installations. In particular, a large number of numerical studies analyzing the effect of the magnetic field on natural convection in a two-dimensional cavity have been performed. In this work, we propose to study the main characteristics of the convective heat transfer of pure fluids and nanofluids in a two-dimensional cavity differentially heated and subjected to an external magnetic field. The scale analysis method is used first to obtain a correlation giving the heat transfer rate, which is then developed to predict the behavior of the heat transfer rate for pure fluids and nanofluids. To verify the reliability of the theoretical predictions, a numerical study is also carried out. The results show that the proposed correlation predicts well the convective heat transfer characteristics obtained numerically.     

矩形微槽道纳米流体饱和沸腾临界热流密度特性

针对纳米流体在微小尺度传热领域的应用,在常压下对微槽道中纳米流体的流动沸腾临界热流密度进行实验研究。分别以体积浓度为0.2%、0.5%的水基Al2O3纳米流体为工质进行试验,研究不同质量流速、槽道尺寸以及体积浓度等因素对沸腾CHF的影响。对比水为工质实验结果,表明:槽道尺寸、质量流速对于水-Al2O3纳米流体和纯水的CHF影响一致。其它参数一定的工况下,纳米流体CHF比纯水大,且随着纳米流体体积浓度增大,出口壁面过热度会增大。最后介绍一个微槽道沸腾CHF的预测模型,在评价其不足的基础上提出一个关于CHF的预测公式,与实验数据进行对比,验证该公式的适用性。     

Physics and mechanics of heat exchange processes in nanofluid flows

Nanofluids present a new type of dispersed fluids consisting of a carrier fluid and solid nanoparticles. Unusual properties of nanofluids, particularly high thermal conductivity, make them eminently suitable for many thermophysical applications, e.g., for cooling of equipment, designing of new heat energy transportation and production systems and so on. This requires a systematic study of heat exchange properties of nanofluids. The present paper contains the measurement results for the heat transfer coefficient of the laminar and turbulent flow of nanofluids on the basis of distilled water with silica, alumina and copper oxide particles in a minichannel with circular cross section. The maximum volume concentration of particles did not exceed 2%. The dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on the concentration and size of nanoparticles was studied. It is shown that the use of nanofluids allows a significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient as compared to that for water. However, the obtained result strongly depends on the regime of flow. The excess of the heat transfer coefficient in the laminar flow is only due to an increase in the thermal conductivity coefficient of nanofluid, while in the turbulent flow the obtained effect is due to the ratio between the viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids depend on the volume concentration of nanoparticles as well as on their size and material and are not described by classical theories. That is why the literature data are diverse and contradictory; they do not actually take into account the influence of the mentioned factors (size and material of nanoparticles). It has been shown experimentally and by a molecular dynamics method that the nanofluid viscosity increases while the thermal conductivity decreases with the decreasing dispersed particle size. It is found experimentally for the first time that the nanofluid viscosity coefficient depends on the particle material. The higher is the density of particles, the higher is the thermal conductivity coefficient of nanofluid.