500 kV全固态Marx发生器

500 kV全固态Marx发生器采用Z型电路结构,以28个最大工作电压达22 kV、满载最高连续重复运行频率达200 Hz的绝缘栅双极型晶体管组件作为脉冲控制开关,采用以金属化膜电容器和线绕电感构成的梯形脉冲形成网络作为储能和脉冲形成器件。目前已实现500 kV脉冲输出,在50 Hz的重复频率下实现数十个脉冲的猝发输出。该发生器的输出脉冲电压峰值与已有文献报道的最高功率固态Marx发生器技术指标相近,输出脉冲电流峰值提高1倍,达到1000 A,发生器输出脉冲功率峰值达到500 MW。在采用电容器作为储能元件时,此Marx发生器输出脉冲宽度可在3～10 s范围内连续调整。     

Fluorescence Properties of Selected Benzo[c]phenanthridines

The fluorescence properties of selected benzo[c]phenanthridines (BPs) were examined. The effect of structure, pH and solvent on the fluorescence properties has been investigated. It was found out that the presence of charged iminium nitrogen significantly decreased the fluorescence of the compounds. The fluorescence (intensity as well as emission spectra shape) of the investigated compounds was significantly dependent on pH as well as used solvent. The utilization in epigenetic modification mechanisms studies as demethylase probe and as possible pH indicator was suggested.     

Ultrasound fields in attenuating media

For medical ultrasonic imaging and for nondestructive testing, the attenuation of pressure waves and the resulting shift in wave velocity are important features in commonly used transmission media such as biological tissue. An algorithm for the numerical evaluation of pressure field distributions generated by ultrasonic transducers is presented. The attenuation and dispersion of the sound transmission medium are taken into consideration. The sound fields are computed numerically for continuous wave as well as pulse excitation. The transducer has plane or gently curved geometry and is embedded in a plane rigid baffle. The numerically determined pressure fields are presented as 3D plots, as gray-scale images for a fixed time stamp (like a snapshot), or as isobars regarding the maximum values over time for each local point in the area under investigation. The algorithm described here can be utilized as a tool for design of ultrasound transducers, especially array antennas.     

等离子发射光谱法测定煤中总硫的方法研究

本文提出以ICP－AES直接测定煤中总硫。通过对样品溶液的制备、光谱干扰等方面的研究，确定了最佳分析条件，建立了以ICP－AES测定煤中总硫的方法。方法快速、准确，测定结果与国标法一致。方法回收率在96％以上，六次测定相对标准偏差小于3％。     

Cymbal piezoelectric composite underwater acoustic transducer

The working principle of Cymbal piezoelectric composite underwater acoustic transducer was studied in this paper. PZT-5A piezoelectric ceramic disk was used as piezoelectric phase and brass foil was used as end cap electrode of the Cymbal transducer. The silicon rubber was used as the insulated proof layer of the underwater acoustic transducer. The properties of this transducer used as hydrophone, such as operation frequency, free-field voltage receiving sensitivity and directivity, were investigated. Several kinds of prototype of this transducer were fabricated and the properties of this transducer used as hydrophone were tested. The results show that the properties of this transducer used as hydrophone depend on the dimensions of Cymbal transducer because the piezoelectric properties of this transducer are dependent on the dimensions of Cymbal transducer's end caps. The appropriate dimensions for getting higher free-field voltage receiving sensitivity with -184.7 dB were obtained.     

A multipath model for atmospheric scintillations at microwaves and millimeter waves

The paper describes a deterministic model for the effects of atmospheric turbulences on satellite-earth links from 1 to 100 GHz. Turbulent cells are considered as dielectric volumes crossing the Fresnel's zones of the link. The transmission coefficients are calculated for point receivers as well as for actual aperture antennas. The model yields a transfer function submitted to the influence of the equivalent dielectric constant, the thickness, size, and geometry of the cells, the size of the antenna, and the operating frequency. The resulting group delay is also evaluated, as well as the impulse and step-responses.     

近红外光谱定性分析中的特征波长筛选研究

提出了一种以样品光谱类间相关系数之和最小为准则进行光谱波长逐步筛选的方法(stepwise selection basing on minimum sum of correlation coefficients, SMCC),以类间距离与类内距离和的比值最大化(符合分析者主观预期目标)作为定性分析中特征波长筛选效果的评价依据,并使用红塔集团提供的2012年17种不同类型工业分级烟叶作为试验样品,以验证筛选方法的有效性。研究表明,采用CO1分级烟叶光谱作为参照类别,筛选出10个特征波长点：采用特征波长计算得到的类内欧氏距离的平均值为采用全部波长计算得到的平均值的1.69倍,采用特征波长计算得到的类间欧氏距离的平均值为采用全部波长计算得到的平均值的3.70倍,采用特征波长计算得到的类间欧氏距离与类内欧氏距离和的比值的平均值为采用全部波长计算得到的平均值的2.21倍。特征波长的类间与类内欧氏距离和的比值增大,说明筛选出来的特征波长能更加有效的表达不同类间的远近关系以及同一类内的离散度,SMCC算法是一种有效的、可应用于近红外光谱定性分析中的特征波长筛选方法。     

All electron ab initio investigations of the electronic states of the FeC molecule

The low-lying electronic states of the molecule FeC have been investigated by performing all electron ab initio multi-configuration self-consistent-field (CASSCF) and multi reference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations. The relativistic corrections for the one-electron Darwin contact term and the relativistic mass-velocity correction have been determined in perturbation calculations. The electronic structure of the FeC molecule is interpreted as antiferromagnetic couplings of the localized angular momenta of the ions and resulting in a triple bond in the valence bond sense. The electronic ground state is confirmed as being . The spectroscopic constants for the ground state and eleven excited states have been derived from the results of the MRCI calculations. The spectroscopic constants for the ground state have been determined as and ,and for the low-lying state as and . The values for the ground state agree well with the available experimental data. The FeC molecule is polar with charge transfer from Fe to C. The dipole moment has been determined as in the ground state and as 1.51 D in the state. From the results of the MRCI calculations the dissociation energy, , is determined as 2.79 eV, and D₀ as 2.74 eV. Received: 2 October 1998 / Received in final form: 30 March 1999     

基于LVQ神经网络的目标识别技术

通过对目标特征的分析比较,选取不变矩作为识别特征.为了达到很好的识别效果,对不变矩做了优化处理.采用LVQ神经网络技术建立了识别模型,提高了识别速度.运用有限的样本对目标识别技术进行了测试,结果表明采用此技术后的识别成功率较高,平均约为98%,识别速度快,每幅二值目标图像的识别时间约为16 ms.     

Laser performance of monolithic Cr,Nd:YAG self-Q-switched laser

The self-Q-switched laser performance of monolithic Cr⁴⁺,Nd³⁺:YAG concave-planar resonator with 5-mm length was studied experimentally and theoretically. The slope efficiency is as high as 24% and pump threshold is as low as 64 mW. The pulse width, the single pulse energy and the pulse repetition rate of monolithic Cr,Nd:YAG self-Q-switched laser were measured as a function of absorbed pump power. With the increase of pump power, the pulse width decreases and the pulse energy and the pulse repetition rate increase. The average output power of 91 mW with pulse width of 7 ns at repletion rate of 35.5 kHz was obtained at the maximum absorbed pump power of 440 mW, the peak power is as high as 370 W. The theoretical prediction of pulse energy, pulse width and pulse repetition rate as a function of absorbed pump power based on rate equations is in a good agreement with our experimental data. This can lead to develop the diode laser-pumped monolithic self-Q-switched solid-state microchip lasers.     

Facile fabrication of a lotus-effect composite coating via wrapping silica with polyurethane

A lotus-effect coating was fabricated by wrapping micro-silica and nano-silica with polyurethane (PU) and subsequent spraying. The coating shows the similar self-cleaning property as lotus leaves: the contact angle is as large as 168° and the sliding angle is as low as 0.5°. Surface morphology of the coating was studied with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The composite coating shows the similar structure as lotus leaves.     

The fabrication and performance of 1.3μm DFB EMBH lasers with coplanar contacts

The fabrication and performance characteristics of coplanar contact etched mesa-buried heterostructure (EMBH) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers emitting at 1.3μm wavelength are described. The processing was designed such that the lasers could be evaluated as coplanar contact or conventional (top/bottom) contact devices. The threshold current was as low as 14mA and the 3dB small signal response was as high as 9.4 GHz. Both these properties showed negligible differences when the device was biased either coplanarly or conventionally.     

The fabrication and performance of 1.3μm DFB EMBH lasers with coplanar contacts

The fabrication and performance characteristics of coplanar contact etched mesa-buried heterostructure (EMBH) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers emitting at 1.3μm wavelength are described. The processing was designed such that the lasers could be evaluated as coplanar contact or conventional (top/bottom) contact devices. The threshold current was as low as 14mA and the 3dB small signal response was as high as 9.4 GHz. Both these properties showed negligible differences when the device was biased either coplanarly or conventionally.     

光谱线型函数的四种形式及其变换关系

从理论上研究了光谱线型函数的四种形式及其关系,以多普勒展宽导致的线型函数为例,分析了光子数、能量按频率及波长分布函数的最大值和半高全宽。结果表明,光子数、能量按频率的分布函数近似相等,光子数、能量按波长的分布函数也近似相等。通过对多普勒线型函数的分析,建立了根据两条光谱线的线型函数的最大值比值求得光子数比值的方法。     

Decreasing electrical resistivity of silver along the melting boundary up to 5 GPa

The electrical resistivity of Ag was experimentally measured at high pressures up to 5?GPa and at temperatures up to ～300?K above melting. The resistivity decreased as a function of pressure and increased as a function of temperature as expected and is in very good agreement with 1 atm data. Observed melting temperatures at high pressures also agree well with previous experimental and theoretical studies. The main finding of this study is that resistivity of Ag decreases along the pressure- and temperature-dependent melting boundary, in conflict with prediction of resistivity invariance. This result is discussed in terms of the dominant contribution of the increasing energy separation between the Fermi level and 4d-band as a function of pressure. Calculated from the resistivity using the Wiedemann–Franz law, the electronic thermal conductivity increased as a function of pressure and decreased as a function of temperature as expected. The decrease in the high pressure thermal conductivity in the liquid phase as a function of temperature contrasts with the behavior of the 1 atm data.     

Composition, structure, and properties of tantalum boride nanostructured films

The structure, as well as the phase and elemental compositions, of tantalum diboride-based nanostructured films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering under various conditions are studied by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The physicomechanical properties of the films (hardness, as well as elastic and plastic properties) are determined. The maximum hardness and elastic modulus of the synthesized films are 42 are 240 GPa, respectively. The grain size is found to influence the physicomechanical and electrical properties of the films.     

Volatile Phthalocyanines: Vapor Pressure and Thermodynamics

The current review summarizes the data of saturated vapor pressure and thermodynamic parameters of the sublimation process of different phthalocyanines as reported in the literature as well as in our work. The volatility of phthalocyanines is analyzed from the standpoint of their molecular and crystal structure. The differences in the saturated vapor pressure value of the investigated phthalocyanines may reach some orders of magnitude and are determined by the Van der Waals and electrostatic interaction of the peripheral atoms of adjacent molecules, as well as to a specific interaction, the type and number of which depend on the type of molecules packing in the crystal.     

Theoretical investigation of high-pressure phase transitions in Mg1-xSrxO

The stability of Mg_1-xSr_xO solid solution has been analyzed using charge transfer interaction potential (CTIP) model as well as density functional theory-based ab initio approach with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) type parameterized generalized gradient approximation. The present CTIP model consists of long-range part as modified coulomb interactions and charge transfer forces whereas short-range part includes the van der Waals as well as Hafemeister Flygare type overlap repulsive interactions effective up to next nearest neighbor ions. The present study finds that under the influence of pressure host binary oxides as well as their solid solutions undergo B1→B2 structural phase transition in the pressure range of 54–495 GPa. The variation of ground state properties and transition pressures have also been analyzed as a function of Sr composition. The observed results for the end point members are in agreement to their experimental counterparts and the deviations have been discussed in terms of interactions taken into consideration in two approaches.     

Sputtering studies with the Monte Carlo Program TRIM.SP

The Monte Carlo Program TRIM.SP (sputtering version of TRIM) was used to determine sputtering yields and energy and angular distributions of sputtered particles in physical (collisional) sputtering processes. The output is set up to distinguish between the contributions of primary and secondary knock-on atoms as caused by in- and outgoing incident ions, in order to get a better understanding of the sputtering mechanisms and to check on previous theoretical models. The influence of the interatomic potential and the inelastic energy loss model as well as the surface binding energy on the sputtering yield is investigated. Further results are sputtering yields versus incident energy and angle as well as total angular distributions of sputtered particles and energy distributions in specific solid angles for non-normal incidence. The calculated data are compared with experimental results as far as possible. From this comparison it turns out that the TRIM.SP is able to reproduce experimental results even in very special details of angular and energy distributions.     

Time-energy properties of an attosecond extreme ultra-violet pulse

The time-energy properties of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) are calculated for a linearly polarized 7-fs laser pulse with different carrier-envelope phases (CEPs). The quantum trajectory paths that contribute to an as (1 as=10-18 s) pulse in HHG are identified. The laser-duration dependence and the CEP dependence of HHG energy property are investigated. The study shows that an as extreme ultra-violet (XUV) pulse can be selected from HHG spectrum near cut-off energy with a bandpass optical filter. The theoretical prediction of the pulse duration is proportional to bandwidth. Analysis suggests that a measured narrowband as XUV pulse may consist of instantaneous shorter pulses each dependent on laser pulse duration, intensity, and CEP. These information can be used as references for producing, selecting, improving and manipulating (timing) as pulses.