空间散斑的运动规律

相干光照明的漫射表面在空间中产生随机散斑。反射表面相对于光源运动,引起散斑的相应运动。当跟踪一个运动的斑,认为斑的强度不变,而位相是可以变化的。从Fresnel-Kirch-hoff积分,得到关于散斑运动的三个基本规则,即文中的(3),(4)和(5)式。第一和第二式类似于光栅方程。第三式类似于透镜定律。从这三个规则推导了当表面运动时散斑的运动公式(18)。这公式以矩阵形式表示,包括三个转动和三个平动。实验结果与公式非常符合。同时,三个基本规则适用于一般的空间衍射图。 关键词：     

损耗大气的射线理论

在声学领域内,关于损耗媒质的射线理论问题迄今尚未被讨论过。本文从描述粘滞性、导热流体的基本方程组出发,同时考虑到重力场和流体定常运动的影响,导出分层大气中的“局部”频散方程。利用从Sommerfeld-Runge折射定律和Whitham波峰守恒定律导出的、推广到吸收媒质中的Hamilton方程组,最后推出用以计算射线路径的参量方程组,它们可以作为数值积分的基础而对具体的大气模型算出声线路径,这种路径具有复数坐标,但只有它们的终端在实空间中时才有物理意义。     

激光散斑反差与表面粗糙度关系的理论分析

本文从Fresne1-Kirchhoff衍射公式出发,直接由光强分布导出了散斑平均反差与表面粗糙度特征参数的关系公式,采用指数形式和高斯形式的自相关函数,得到极为相符的计算结果。利用激光衍射散斑平均反差测量表面粗糙度,具有精度高和分辨高等优点,可以用于测试精密表面的粗糙度。     

立体摄影术与数字散斑相关方法相结合用于研究三维变形场

采用立体摄影术与数字图像相关技术相结合的方法测量了三维位移场。首先利用两个CCD摄像机在空间两个不同位置拍摄物体表面在变形前后同一个区域之间的散斑图像;然后利用数字散斑相关技术求解这四幅散斑图像之间的相对位移;最后利用立体摄影的几何转换公式来确定物体表面的三维变形场。给出了该立体摄影测试系统的标定结果以及编织复合材料试件的三维变形测量结果。     

涡旋光的干涉特性及其在变形测量中的应用

将涡旋光应用于电子散斑干涉,测量变形物体的离面位移.把传统的电子散斑干涉测量技术与液晶空间光调制器相结合,将所获得的涡旋光作为参考光或者物光进行变形测量.推导出物光为平面光、参考光为涡旋光,和参考光、物光均为涡旋光时物体变形后的干涉强度公式,模拟计算了变形后的干涉图样,分析了变形图样的特征.运用四步相移方法得到了物体的变形相位公式,通过解包裹得到了物体的变形相位.模拟计算得到的三维相位分布图与物体离面位移的变形相位理论值的三维分布图相吻合.模拟实验结果表明,涡旋光可以应用于物体的变形测量,为变形测量提供新的途径.     

运动界面上反射超声散斑空间运动的研究

在Kirchhoff 衍射理论的基础上，应用随机信号相关原理，推导了作刚体运动的界面上反射超声散斑在空间运动时，保持其复振幅相关的必要条件.由此得到超声散斑的空间运动公式.界面、超声散斑和超声接收探头之间的相对运动，导致界面孔径的改变.分析表明，在保持界面孔径相关的条件下，界面所允许的最大平移量和转角值，与声源位置、接收用聚焦探头的数值孔径、超声入射角以及观察角有关.应用数字相关技术和三维扫描信号采集系统，根据散斑场子集相关系数的单峰性质，对超声散斑空间运动公式进行了实验验证.实验结果表明，理论分析所得的 关键词： 超声散斑 相关原理 空间运动     

运动变形表面在相干光照明下的自由空间散斑位移分布

物体表面在一束相干光照明下的空间散斑位移场分布对于分析物体表面状态及位移、变形等信息具有重要意义。本文应用散斑场的相关方法与散斑相移技术得到了物体表面位移及变形参量与自由空间衍射场散斑位移的一般关系,给出了这种一般关系的简化与分离条件,并对物体平移、转动及热加载条件下的蜂窝结构进行了实验。     

剪切散斑干涉技术及应用研究进展

剪切散斑干涉技术是一种非接触测量物体变形缺陷的光学无损测量方法,其通过计算物体变形前后的散斑图中的相位获取被测物的应变缺陷信息。近年来该技术在航空、航天等工业无损检测领域得到了广泛的应用。本文从系统关键技术、散斑图像处理技术两方面介绍了剪切散斑干涉技术的研究进展,详细论述了多种剪切装置实现大视角测量、空间载波实现动态测量、多种图像处理算法的一系列剪切散斑干涉技术;最后介绍了剪切散斑干涉技术的国内外应用进展,展望了剪切散斑干涉技术在动态测量、光滑表面测量及定量反算形变量等方面的发展趋势。     

在洛伦兹变换下磁单极的电磁规律

从磁库仑定律出发，用洛伦兹变换导出磁单极的电磁场及其散度，旋度公式和磁单极在电磁场中的受力公式；给出它们的相对论协变形式；最后对讨论推广的麦克斯韦方程组。     

基于散斑干涉的光滑表面变形快速检测

针对目前光滑表面力学性能测试困难的情况,建立了一种改进的数字激光散斑干涉测量系统。首先通过新的散斑干涉光路设计实现散斑照射,同时采用空间载波傅里叶变换法,对光滑零件加载变形的动态散斑干涉图像进行处理,最后得到光滑表面的变形场分布情况。该方法不对被测表面进行任何处理,可实现光滑表面的高精度全场变形测量。实验结果表明:最大变形处为镜面板的中央,测得最大变形量分别为1.936、1.861和1.797μm,与中心变形预设值接近。该方法光路简单、测量方案切实可行,能够实现光滑表面变形的快速动态测量。     

Continual deformation analysis with scanning phase method and time sequence phase method in temporal speckle pattern interferometry

If a laser beam illuminates a continual deformation object surface, it will lead to a temporal speckle pattern on the observation plane. Recording this time-dependent speckle pattern the deformation of the surface of an object can be obtained. Two methods, scanning phase method (SPM) and time sequence phase method (TSPM), have been introduced for measuring the displacement caused by the deformation in temporal speckle pattern interferometry (TSPI). Their principle is that by capturing a series of speckle interference patterns related to the object deformations, the fluctuations in the intensity of the interference patterns can be obtained. Through scanning these fluctuations and estimating both the average intensity and modulation of the temporal speckle interference patterns, the phase maps for whole-field displacements are calculated. In this way one is capable of quantitatively measuring continual displacements simply using a conventional electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) system without phase shifting or a carrier. The elaboration on the new methods is given in this paper and experiments are performed to demonstrate their performance with a conventional ESPI system.     

Diffraction equations for weak scattering reflective surface

In order to investigate the surface roughness dependence of speckle patterns, the complex-amplitude distribution of the speckle field should be obtained first. In previous studies, most investigators have treated this problem using the Fresnel or Fraunhofer diffraction equation. But for a weakly scattering reflective surface, when the observation plane is not parallel to the object plane, the Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction equations become inapplicable. Therefore, a reflective surface diffraction model (RSDM) is formed. When the difference between the RSDM and the transmission aperture diffraction model (TADM) is considered, then a general diffraction equation is presented. Considering the variations of the near-field approximation caused by coordinate system rotation, the near-field diffraction equation is derived. By introducing the far-field approximation, the far-field diffraction equation is obtained. The physical meanings of factors in the new equations are interpreted. Comparisons between the Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction equations and the newly derived ones show that the former are just the special cases of the latter. Finally, an application of these new diffraction equations is proposed.     

频闪剪切散斑干涉术的研究

提出了一种用于振动研究的方法——频闪剪切散斑干涉照相法。该方法由于采用了剪切镜,能得到较为精确的散斑剪切图,提高了测量的精度,是一种用于振动研究较为理想的散斑照相的新方法。讨论了频闪剪切散斑干涉术的基本原理,给出了频闪剪切散斑图的全场分析的平均光强分析的解析式,并给出了实验结果。理论和实验都表明频闪剪切散斑干涉照相法要优于时间平均剪切散斑干涉照相法。该方法在全场滤波分析时,能给出任一瞬时物体振动信息,得到清晰的、高衬比的全场干涉条纹图,是一种实用可行的方法。     

纳秒级脉冲激光诱导Zn掺杂过程中GaN/Al2O3材料的温度分布及热形变解析分析

分析了纳秒级脉冲激光作用下GaN的激光诱导Zn的掺杂过程.利用简化的一维模型，给出一种比较直观的脉冲激光辐照下GaN/Al₂O₃材料温度分布的解析形式，得到了GaN材料表面温度与激光辐照时间的关系以及材料形变与深度的关系.在激光脉冲作用时，GaN材料表面的温度与辐照时间的平方根成正比.脉冲过后，材料温度分布梯度和热形变分布随深度发生变化，接近表面的温度梯度最大，热形变量也最大.而在连续脉冲作用时表面的温度呈锯齿状不断升高. 关键词： 激光诱导 2O₃')" href="#">GaN/Al₂O₃ 温度分布 热形变     

A nonlinear theory for the motion of hydrodynamic discontinuity surfaces

The complete system of hydrodynamic equations that describe the free surface of an inviscid fluid, a tangential discontinuity, and the development of the hydrodynamic instability of a reaction front is reduced to a closed system of surface equations using Lagrangian variables, special integrals of motion, and their analogues. The vorticity is shown to play a fundamental role in the pattern of motion of hydrodynamic discontinuities, imparting a differential form to the equations. In the isentropic approximation, it is demonstrated how to take into account the fluid density oscillations caused by this motion. The derived system of equations is consistent with the previously known analytical solutions obtained in special cases.     

Introducing speckle noise maps for Laser Vibrometry

When coherent light scatters from a surface, which is rough on the scale of the wavelength of the light, a speckle pattern is produced. The Laser Vibrometer measures target vibration velocity in the direction of the incident laser beam and typically samples a region of a speckle pattern on its photodetector. Target motions can cause the speckle pattern to change on the photodetector surface, particularly when target motions are non-normal to the direction of the laser beam. This speckle motion modulates the Doppler signal and adds noise to the demodulated output signal. Periodic target motions can cause the speckle noise to become pseudo-random and produce harmonic peaks, with the same fundamental frequency as the genuine target vibrations, which can be indistinguishable from the genuine target vibrations. Typical speckle noise levels are generally considered to be low-level, but they have not so far been adequately quantified. This paper reports preliminary results quantifying speckle noise levels using controlled experimental configurations incorporating periodic in-plane and tilt target motions. Working with commercial Laser Vibrometers, various target surface finishes and treatments are considered and speckle noise maps are produced for each configuration. For a tilting surface, speckle noise has been quantified at approximately 1 μm s^?1/deg s^?1 while, for surfaces with in-plane motion, the sensitivity to speckle noise has been estimated pessimistically at 0.1% of the in-plane velocity. Ultimately, these speckle noise maps will form a valuable practical resource for the Laser Vibrometer user.