具有谐振腔的多波切伦柯夫振荡器的粒子模拟

 设计了一种新型的多波切伦柯夫振荡器，即在第二慢波段和输出喇叭之间加一个谐振腔，并采用PIC方法模拟了器件产生微波的物理过程。结果表明这种新型器件符合普通多波切伦柯夫振荡器的基本特征，同时具有纵向尺寸短，导引磁场低，功率、效率高等优点。     

多电子束契伦柯夫自由电子激光振荡器

我们对多电子束契伦柯夫自由电子激光进行了首次实验研究。280A,500kV的电子束被引入一多介质矩形谐振腔,在频率为33.4GHz处产生了1.7MW的契伦柯夫相干受激辐射。互作用效率为1.2％。     

圆波导契伦柯夫自由电子激光流体描述

用磁流体理论研究了契伦柯夫自由电子激光的性质,导出了空心束驱动的圆柱对称波导契伦柯夫自由电子激光的色散关系,利用色散关系计算了契伦柯夫不稳定性增长率,给出了饱和功率的估计值,考虑了束与介质间间隙对契伦柯夫自由电子激光的影响,并就空心束与实心束情况进行了比较。     

远红外契伦柯夫FEL的动力学理论

契伦柯夫自由电子激光可以产生远红外相干受激辐射。本文建立了契伦柯夫自由电子激光的动力学理论并详细研究了初始信号频率,电子束电压和束—介质膜间隙对器件性能的影响。与自由电子激光,回旋自谐振脉塞比较,指出了短波契伦柯夫自由电子激光的几个显著特点。     

圆波导契伦柯夫自由电子激光的单粒子理论

用单粒子理论研究了契伦柯夫自由电子激光的基本性质,给出了空心束圆柱衬介质波导契伦柯夫自由电子激光调谐特性,导出了增长率表达式,计算了克服谐振腔损失所需阈值电流和相互作用效率,讨论了束与介质间间隙的影响,并对空心束与实心束进行了比较,最后讨论了电子束品质对契伦柯夫自由电子激光的影响。     

过模慢波结构频率反射特性及谐振腔的影响

 利用有限元方法求解:S-参数矩阵，研究了过模慢波结构对圆波导TM₀₁，TM₀₂模的反射特性，分析了在慢波结构末端加入谐振腔后，由于两端口的不对称性而造成的对反射特性影响。结果表明，在TM₀₁的π模频率附近，慢波结构和谐振腔组成的系统对无谐振腔一侧端口入射TM₀₁模的反射增大，而对有谐振腔一侧端口入射TM₀₁模的反射减小。根据计算结果，解释了普通多波切伦柯夫振荡器所用慢波结构周期数较多的原因，说明了在多波切伦柯夫振荡器中引入谐振腔后，不但可以减少所用慢波结构周期数，而且有利于提高微波输出效率。     

在速调管中空间电荷波对辐射波引起的电子束群聚的修正

 在相对论情况下，导出了速调管(klystron)和契伦柯夫(Cherenkov)器件中考虑空间电荷波影响的被调制电子束的谐波电流公式；并且分析了空间电荷波对电子束群聚的影响：在小信号时使群聚减小；在大信号时使群聚增强。     

充氦气对多波切伦柯夫振荡器工作特性的影响

采用PIC模拟方法,研究了具有谐振腔的多波切伦柯夫振荡器在充入不同密度的氦气下工作的物理过程,分析了等离子体产生物理机制及其对微波输出影响。结果表明,等离子体的产生是由于电子束对氦原子的碰撞电离及其雪崩效应引起的。由于电离产生的正离子有利于束的传输和群聚,当在一定范围内增加氦气密度时,可减小微波起振时间,提高束波能量转换效率,但并不改变微波频率;进一步增大气体密度,微波起振时间增大、效率下降,甚至出现脉冲缩短现象。     

阳极结构对过模返波振荡器长脉冲工作特性的影响

针对过模返波振荡器中泄漏微波在二极管区谐振, 造成微波脉冲缩短的现象, 设计了内置吸波材料的阳极结构来抑制这种泄漏微波对器件输出的影响。利用粒子模拟软件对不同阳极结构下过模返波管微波输出特性进行模拟研究, 模拟结果表明, 带吸波材料的阳极结构可以减小泄漏微波对微波输出功率、器件工作模式及脉冲宽度的影响。在长脉冲过模返波振荡器实验中, 电子束参数为（800 kV, 7 kA）时, 器件输出微波频率为8.58 GHz, 效率为30%。通过模拟计算和实验验证, 这种带吸波材料的阳极结构有效降低了泄漏微波对过模返波管微波输出的影响, 将器件输出微波脉冲宽度从70 ns提高到110 ns。     

气体探测器的最新应用

本文讨论了气体探测器在下述领域的最新应用:放射性痕量元素的二维图像;用X 射线衍射研究晶体结构;工业射线照相法;用核扩散的射线照相;契伦柯夫环探测器;流光管量热计;渡越辐射测量;用作电磁量热计的高密度显像室;用作探测契伦柯夫环的显像室。     

Variation in the radiation frequency of a plasma relativistic microwave oscillator within its nanosecond pulse

The radiation spectrum of a plasma relativistic microwave oscillator with a pulse power of 50 MW operating in the 10-GHz frequency range is studied experimentally. During a 60-ns-long microwave pulse, the radiation frequency may both remain constant and change by more than 1.5 GHz. The pressure of a gas that ionizes in the microwave field has a significant effect on the radiation frequency and thereby changes the concentration of a pregenerated plasma.     

Dependence of Output Power on Cavity Length in a Gyrotron Backward Wave Oscillator

A relativistic electron beam (500 keV, 200 A, 10 ns) generated magnetically tunable microwave radiation in a frequency range of 9-13 GHz when it is injected into an X-band rectangular waveguide immersed in a uniform axial magnetic field (4-10 kG). The mechanism of the microwave radiation was identified as the gyrotron backward wave interaction. The output power of the radiated microwave increased exponentially with the increase of the cavity length.     

Microwave oscillator based on Bloch oscillations of electrons in a semiconductor superlattice

We report on a microwave oscillator based on Bloch oscillations of electrons in a semiconductor superlattice. Our GaAs/AlAs superlattice, at room temperature, was coupled electromagnetically by an antenna to a rectangular cavity resonator, and was operated at a current-voltage state of negative differential conductance. We observed generation of microwave radiation at frequencies, depending on the resonator length, between 7 and 30 GHz. Electronic tuning by several percent was possible; the ratio of linewidth to frequency was of the order of 10^?4. A radiation power up to 1 μW (at 10 GHz) was obtained, corresponding to a generator efficiency of the order of 10^?3 for the conversion of electrical power to microwave radiation.     

微型计算机微波辐照效应的实验研究

 微波辐照频率为1.2~2.0 GHz时，利用宽带天线对微型计算机主板进行微波辐照，考察了微波辐照载波频率、调制方式和调制深度对微波辐照效应的影响，得到了计算机分别处于满负荷工作、内存读写操作、磁盘读写操作和系统空闲4种工作状态下的微波辐照干扰功率阈值。实验结果表明：微波辐照的载波频率为1.47 GHz时，辐照干扰功率阈值最低,为32.7 dBm，计算机最易被干扰；瞬时功率是干扰微型计算机的关键参数，调制方式、调制频率和深度对微波辐照干扰功率阈值影响不大；处于高负荷工作状态的微型计算机更易于被微波辐射干扰；计算机启动的干扰功率阈值为32.0 dBm，小于正常工作状态时的阈值。     

High-power, single-beam plasma wave tube

Short-pulse, ultra-broadband sources of RF radiation are needed for a variety of new applications. To meet this demand, we have developed and optimized a single-beam Plasma Wave Tube (PWT), The PWT is a unique microwave/millimeter-wave source which utilizes the interaction between beamexcited electron plasma waves to generate kilowatt-power (~10 kW) radiation at microwave to millimeter-wave frequencies with a beam-to-radiation conversion efficiency of ⩾0.4%. In a single-beam PWT, an electron beam (⩽40 kV, ⩾200 A, 5-to-20-μs pulse width) is injected into a gas-filled (e,g., hydrogen) cylindrical waveguide. The beam first ionizes the gas to generate a plasma, and then nonlinearly interacts with the plasma to generate radiation from 6-to-60 GHz. Slew rates of up to 7 GHz/μs have been measured during a single beam pulse. The radiation has a wide instantaneous bandwidth, typically 10 GHz or wider. Electron-beam transport through the waveguide is accomplished with no externally applied magnetic fields because the beam space charge is cancelled by the background plasma     

Magnetoresistance oscillations due to Zener tunneling and microwave radiation in a 2D electron gas in GaAs quantum well with AlAs/GaAs superlattices barriers

The effect of microwave radiation in the frequency range from 1.2 to 10 GHz on the magnetoresistance of a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas has been studied in a GaAs quantum well with AlAs/GaAs superlattice barriers. It has been found that the microwave field induces magnetoresistance oscillations periodic in the reciprocal magnetic field (1/B). It has been shown that the period of these oscillations in the covered frequency range depends on the microwave radiation power.     

Oscillations of the magnetoresistance of a two-dimensional electron gas in a GaAs quantum well with AlAs/GaAs superlattice barriers in a microwave field

The effect of microwave radiation in the frequency range from 1.2 to 10 GHz on the magnetoresistance of a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas has been studied in a GaAs quantum well with AlAs/GaAs superlattice barriers. It has been found that the microwave field induces oscillations of this magnetoresistance, which are periodic in the reciprocal magnetic field (1/B). It has been shown that the period of these oscillations in the frequency range under study depends on the microwave radiation power.     

Increase in the energy efficiency of a pulsed-periodic relativistic backward wave oscillator with a modulating resonant reflector

An efficient microwave oscillator (320 MW and 7.9 GHz) that generates microwave pulses with a duration of 90 ns is developed using optimization of an electron-wave system and decompression of the longitudinal magnetic field with a maximum induction of 0.62 T in the region of an explosive-emission cathode and a lower field (0.36 T) with respect to cyclotron resonance in the slow-wave structure. In a packet (up to 10 ns) repetitively-pulsed (100 Hz) regime, the maximum conversion efficiency of the electron-beam power to microwave radiation is 27%. The mean energy of the radiation pulse (23 J) is about 18% of the pulse energy of high-voltage oscillator.     

Multiphoton transitions between energy levels in a current-biased Josephson tunnel junction

The escape of a current-biased Josephson tunnel junction from the zero-voltage state in the presence of weak microwave radiation is investigated experimentally at low temperatures. The measurements of the junction switching current distribution indicate the macroscopic quantum tunneling of the phase below a crossover temperature of T small star, filled approximately 280 mK. At temperatures below T small star, filled we observe both single-photon and multiphoton transitions between the junction energy levels by applying microwave radiation in the frequency range between 10 and 38 GHz to the junction. These observations reflect the anharmonicity of the junction potential containing only a small number of levels.     

Collective responses of Bi-2212 stacked junction to 100 GHz microwave radiation under magnetic field oriented along the <Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>-axis

We studied a response of Bi-2212 mesa type structures to 100 GHz microwave radiation. We found that applying magnetic field of about 0.1 T across the layers enables to observe collective Shapiro step response corresponding to a synchronization of all 50 intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJ) of the mesa. At high microwave power we observed up to 10th harmonics of the fundamental Shapiro step. Besides, we found microwave induced flux-flow step position of which is proportional to the square root of microwave power and that can exceed at high enough powers 1 THz operating frequency of IJJ oscillations. The article is published in the original.