蒙特卡罗模拟激光诱导间质热疗中激光能量在肿瘤组织内的传播

激光诱导间质热疗手术方案的制定需要术前对引入激光能量在组织中的分布进行准确的数值模拟。考虑肿瘤大小、光学特性与周围正常组织的差别,建立激光诱导间质热疗时的肿瘤与正常组织两层结构模型,采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟激光在其中的传播,得到激光能量在组织中的分布规律,并采用Pennes生物传热方程计算得出组织的稳态温度分布,这对于激光诱导间质热疗的临床应用具有积极的理论指导意义。     

激光诱导间质肿瘤热疗的数值模拟和实验研究

本文在考虑生物组织物性动态变化的情况下建立了激光诱导间质肿瘤热疗(LITT)的物理数学模型,采用MonteCarlo方法数值模拟了LITT中激光能量在生物组织内的传输过程,基于Pennes生物传热方程和Arrhenius方程数值求解了组织内的温度分布和热损伤体积的变化,分析了热物性及血液灌注率的动态变化对LITT过程的影响,并与相应的离体实验结果进行了对比。数值模拟结果表明,组织的热物性及血液灌注率的动态变化对于热损伤体积的变化具有重要的影响。因此在激光诱导间质肿瘤热疗的数值模拟中应该考虑热物性及血液灌注率的动态变化以期为临床治疗方案的制定提供更为准确的依据。     

肿瘤热疗中正常组织的降温保护方法

本文提出了一种对热疗中肿瘤周围的正常组织或器官实施降温保护的方法.该方法的原理是向需保护的组织或器官区域注射相对低温的保护液.为验证其可行性,本文对射频热疗中采用该方法后组织的传热过程进行了深入的数值研究.结果表明,注射低温保护液方法可有效地防止肿瘤周围正常组织或器官在热疗中受到热损伤.     

肿瘤热疗计划中三维温度分布的不确定性研究

本文采用Monte—Carlo方法对肿瘤热疗计划中组织的三维温度场进行了模拟,并研究了肿瘤区域、血液灌注率、 加热功率等参数的不确定性对组织温度造成的影响。本文结果对优化热疗参数及制定临床治疗方案具有重要的参考价值。     

激光诱导间质热疗中生物组织的温度场研究

激光诱导间质热疗疗效评估的前提是必须获得准确的激光在不同功率、不同照射时间的生物组织温度场分布.利用多物理场直接耦合分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics构建了在组织光学参量不变情况下的三维有限元传热模型.该模型基于Pennes生物传热方程和轴对称高斯形状的激光光束热源方程,参量针对离体猪肝组织,考虑到了生物组...     

激光诱导间质热疗中生物组织的温度场研究

激光诱导间质热疗疗效评估的前提是必须获得准确的激光在不同功率、不同照射时间的生物组织温度场分布.利用多物理场直接耦合分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics构建了在组织光学参量不变情况下的三维有限元传热模型.该模型基于Pennes生物传热方程和轴对称高斯形状的激光光束热源方程,参量针对离体猪肝组织,考虑到了生物组织热物性密度、比热和热导率随温度变化的情况.仿真获得激光功率为0.77 W、0.95 W、1.23 W,照射时间为10~90 s,径向距离0~2 mm范围和轴向距离0~4 mm范围的温度场数据集.利用拟合算法,获得了自变量为激光功率、照射时间、径向距离和轴向距离的生物组织温度场分布模型.将功率为0.88 W和1.05 W时的结果与Pennes方程结果相比较,两者误差在5%以内.     

激光热疗中生物组织的光热描述及研究进展

激光热疗中,激光与生物组织相互作用研究应包含两个方面：一是光子在生物组织中的迁移规律,基于传输理论的Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ方法能较为真实地模拟光在生物组织内的分布,并进一步获得热源的分布;另一方面是热在生物组织中的传导,经典的Ｐｅｎｎｅｓ方程和基于微结构的Ｗｅｉｎｂａｕｍ与Ｊｉｊｉ模型从不同层面描述生物组织中的传热问题,两者的统一是至关重要的,文中对此进行了阐述,文中还报道了用光学方法对组织热凝固     

肿瘤组织磁流体热疗过程中的影响因素分析

以治疗肿瘤的热疗中的传热传质过程为研究对象,分析磁流体直接注入肿瘤中的过程,建立了肿瘤组织中的磁流体流动、对流-扩散模型及生物传热模型。采用有限元方法对模型进行数值求解,获得了肿瘤组织内的浓度分布和温度分布特征,分析了磁流体体积流速、颗粒剂量和磁场参数等因素对于温度场的影响。结果表明,在研究参数范围内,在一定注射总量下采用低输注速率、高体积浓度、高磁场强度和频率会使肿瘤中达到有效治疗温度的体积增大,从而提升治疗效果。采用多点注射的方法不仅能够增加有效治疗体积,而且能够降低肿瘤中心最高温度,避免出现过热区域。所用的研究方法与研究结论对于肿瘤组织磁流体热疗研究具有参考意义。     

Tm3+掺杂光纤激光制冷的理论分析

近年来,掺Tm3+:ZBLANP玻璃已成为固体材料激光冷却领域中最有希望的新材料之一,但有关掺Tm3+:ZBLANP光纤的激光冷却尚未见到理论研究与实验报道.本文采用一个简单的理论模型,就Tm3+:ZBLANP光纤的激光冷却进行了理论研究与分析,讨论了量子效率、抽运功率、背景吸收、出射荧光波长变化和环境黑体辐射等对激光制冷效果的影响,得到了一些有趣的重要结果,可为掺Tm3+:ZBLANP光纤的激光冷却实验提供可靠的理论依据.     

超声速流场条件下激光辐照耦合效应数值模拟

激光辐照结构物包含复杂的多物理场耦合问题,其存在流、热、固多种机制的耦合效应。结合计算流体力学(CFD)和有限元方法,对超声速条件下的激光辐照平板问题进行了热流固耦合分析。采用CFD方法得到平板附近流场分布,利用有限元方法计算平板的温度分布,并将二者结合起来实现流体和固体间的数据交互。理论分析确定了流场效应的最主要影响参数为来流马赫数与攻角。对于不同马赫数,激光区域在6 Ma条件下存在温度的谷值,小于等于6 Ma条件下主要体现为冷却效应,而6 Ma以上主要体现为气动加热效应。攻角增大会导致激光区流体质量流量的增加,使冷却效应更加明显。最后综合分析了流场气动加热和冷却两种效应的产生机制。     

考虑冷热刀刀头温度响应对制定肿瘤治疗计划的影响

本文对冷热联合治疗肿瘤过程中在体生物组织的温度响应进行了深入的数值研究。组织被当作非理想材料,在一定的温度范围内冷冻和融化,并且考虑了未冻结组织和未损伤组织区域的血液灌注及代谢产热的影响。对比考虑和不考虑冷热刀刀头温度响应两种情形的计算结果表明,拟定治疗计划中若不考虑刀头温度响应,则有可能会造成冷热剂量的不足,从而无法彻底杀灭肿瘤。     

A thermo-fluid analysis in magnetic hyperthermia

In the last years, hyperthermia induced by the heating of magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） in an alternating magnetic field received considerable attention in cancer therapy. The thermal effects could be automatically controlled by using MNPs with selective magnetic absorption properties. In this paper, we analyze the temperature field determined by the heating of MNPs, injected in a malignant tissue, subjected to an alternating magnetic field. The main parameters which have a strong influence on temperature field are analyzed. The temperature evolution within healthy and tumor tissues are analyzed by finite element method （FEM） simulations in a thermo-fluid model. The cooling effect produced by blood flow in blood vessels from the tumor is considered. A thermal analysis is conducted under different distributions of MNP injection sites. The interdependence between the optimum dose of the nanoparticles and various types of tumors is investigated in order to understand their thermal effect on hyperthermia therapy. The control of the temperature field in the tumor and healthy tissues is an important step in the healing treatment.     

半导体制冷片制作的高能激光靶屏

 为了用热图法测量高能激光强度的时空分布,设计了将半导体制冷片作为激光靶屏的测量方案。研制了由16个50 mm×50 mm的制冷片组装成的总面积为200 mm×200 mm、总制冷功率超4 800 W的靶屏, 屏四周安装了8个红外标定物用于校正红外图像的畸变。理论上用热传导方程建立了激光辐照半导体制冷片靶屏的加热模型;数值模拟了屏表面温度分布同光强分布的关系,论证了氧化铝陶瓷材料制成的半导体制冷片作为高能激光靶屏的可行性,以及制冷片的制冷功能对测试性能的改善;通过实验验证了研制的靶屏测量光强是可行的。     

Features of neodymium laser epilation

The efficiency and features of the use of the Nd:YAG laser for epilation in comparison with ruby, alexandrite, diode lasers and a broadband light source were studied. Procedures for calculating the temperature distribution of the hair follicle over the entire depth of its position in the skin and temperatures of undesirable heating of surrounding skin regions under exposure to Nd:YAG laser radiation were developed. The heating temperature of hair follicles with black, brown, and light hair was calculated. The heating temperature of follicles of biological tissues for patients with light, swarthy, and dark skin was calculated. The ranges of the neodymium laser applicability to hair and skin colors during epilation procedures were determined. The ways of optimization of the output radiation parameters (pulse energy and duration, light spot sizes) for removing variously colored hair of patients with various skin phototypes were directed. The ways of epilation technology improvement (active skin cooling, injection of special dyes into hair follicles, and others) were proposed.     

Dynamic simulation on the temperature field of laser micro-patterning metal in the liquid

To further understand the mechanism of laser electrochemical etching metal, it is necessary to describe the temperature field induced by laser heating metal at the liquid–solid interfaces. For solving the complex problem of laser heating a metal immersed in a liquid, the thermal phenomena adjacent to the metal–liquid interface, which was induced by means of irradiating a stainless steel sample immersed in a liquid with an 808 nm semiconductor laser beam, were numerically investigated. Based on a simplified method to solve the transient explosive boiling when a continuous wave (CW) laser heating a material in a liquid, a commercial finite element analysis (FEA) code (ABAQUS) was used to directly solve and model the transient temperature fields of laser micro-patterning metal in a liquid. As known from simulation results, the simulation of laser scanning indicates that it realizes the effect of pulse laser heating owing to laser moving and liquid cooling. Moreover, laser scanning achieves the pattern at a high resolution. At the same time, the experiment phenomena also proved that the simulation results were reasonable.     

Dynamic and Reversible Accumulation of Plasmonic Core‐Satellite Nanostructures in a Light‐Induced Temperature Gradient for In Situ SERS Detection

A surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection method that allows dynamic on‐demand generation of SERS substrates at locations of interest for in situ molecular sensing is demonstrated. Thermal convection and thermophoresis, which are both generated in a laser‐induced temperature gradient, are used to accumulate suspended plasmonic nanostructures to form 3D SERS substrate. Raman signals of melamine, which is used as a model analyte, increase to ≈117‐fold within 2 min of laser irradiation because of the accumulation. In addition, it is demonstrated that the accumulation of the nanostructures is reversible, and that reproducible SERS effects can be obtained during a repeated heating and cooling process. Because of the capability of on‐demand generation of a high density of SERS hot spots at different locations in solution, this particle manipulation and SERS detection method is applicable to monitor temporal and spatial variations of the concentrations of molecules. The complexity of the detection system remains the same when using this method since all the measurements are performed with a conventional Raman system and simple fluid channels. The required temperature gradient is generated by the laser used to excite Raman signals, and no nanofabricated substrates and complicated microfluidic or optical components are needed.     

板状激光振荡介质温度场和应力场的数值模拟

以非均匀内热源模型为基础,并考虑材料的导热系数和热膨胀系数的温度相关性,利用有限元方法,对板状激光振荡介质在不同功率和冷却强度下的温度和热应力分布进行了数值模拟及分析。根据计算结果提出了最大有效换热系数的概念,指出换热系数超过最大有效换热系数后,继续强化传热对减小高功率激光器的热效应已无明显效果。以此得出采用常规冷却技术所允许的最大泵浦加热功率。     

Analytical solution for multilayer assembly including heating and cooling cycles with laser pulse parameter variation

Laser heating of surfaces is involved with heating and cooling cycles. Material response to a laser pulse in the heating cycle is rapid while in the cooling cycle it is gradual. In this case, temperature rises rapidly in the heating cycle while temperature decay is gradual in the cooling cycle. Depending on the laser pulse properties (pulse length and intensity), the rise and fall of temperature profiles change in the surface region of the substrate material. In the present study, an analytical solution for laser heating pulse is presented and a closed-form solution for temperature distribution inside the multilayer assembly is obtained. Steel is considered as top layer while copper is situated below steel in the multilayer assembly. It is found that the analytical solution agrees well with the numerical predictions. Temperature rise in steel is higher than copper. This is due to the thickness of steel, which is larger than the absorption depth. In this case, internal energy gain dominates over the heat conduction in the energy transport process.     

薄片激光介质分区域主动冷却方法

针对高功率、大口径薄片激光器,提出了采用半导体制冷片阵列对薄片激光介质进行分区域主动冷却的方法,通过调节各单元半导体制冷片的工作电压,改变阵列的冷却效率分布,实现了对薄片激光介质的局部温度的控制,进而使得薄片介质的横向温度分布均匀,降低了热效应的影响,为薄片激光器的冷却设计提供了新思路,并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。