吸光度比值-导数光谱新方法及其在两组分同时测定中的应用

本文叙述了吸光度比值－导数光谱新方法的原理,研究了在普通分光光度计上用计算法完成吸光度比值导数运算、同时测定苯酚和间苯二酚含量的实验方法,取得了较为满意的结果。苯酚的回收率为９９．４％～１０４．２％（ｎ＝２５,ＲＳＤ＝１．１％）,间苯二酚的回收率为９７．１％～１０２．８％（ｎ＝２５,ＲＳＤ＝１．６％）。     

ICP-AES法测定铝锂合金中Li、Mg、Fe、Cu、Si、Zr的研究

本文研究了采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ技术同时测定铝锂合金中Ｌｉ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｉ、Ｚｒ等六元素的分析方法,优化了工作条件,经对合成样品和实际样品测量,对Ｌｉ（１％－４％）、Ｍｇ（０．５％－６％）、Ｆｅ（０．０５％－２．５％）、Ｃｕ（０．５％－５％）、Ｓｉ（０．０５％－０．５％）、Ｚｒ（０．０５％－０．５％）,方法的相对标准偏差均小于５％,回收率为９３％－１０５％。方法对照结果亦表明,本方法简便、快速、准确     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定茶叶中的锌、铜和锰

本文研究了茶叶中锌、铜、锰微量金属元素的火焰原子吸收分光光度法的测定。方法简便、快速,灵敏度和精密度高,特征浓度锌为０．００９μｇ／ｍＬ／１％,铜为０．０３１μｇ／ｍＬ／１％,锰为０．０１７μｇ／ｍＬ／１％;相对标准偏差为０．９％～５．０％,回收率９２．０％～１０６．０％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中的钾、钠、铷

本文报道了空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中钾,钠,铷的含量。茶叶采用硝酸消解,方法简单,快速,回收率为９９．９％－１０５．２％,相对标准偏差为２．７８％－８．９６％。     

微量进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定血浆,红细胞中铜,铁和锌

本文叙述了在国产ＷＹＸ－４０２型原子吸收分光光度计上采用微量增样技术，用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定血浆，红细胞中铜，铁和锌的含量，获得了与常规法相同的灵敏度。血浆中铜，铁和锌的平均回收率分别为１０１．０％，１０３．０％，１００．８％。相对标准偏差分别为１．２５％，１．４４％，３．１４％。红细胞中铜，铁和锌的平均回收率分别为１０２．５％，１０４．９％，９７．９％，相对标准偏差分别为３．４％．１４８％．３     

盐酸环丙沙星含量测定方法的研究

本文介绍了盐酸环丙沙星含量测定的离子选择电极法，紫外分光光度法和格兰线性滴定三种不同方法。用于原料药回收率的测定分别为９９．４％，９９．６７％和９９．５％；用于片剂回收率测定分别为９８．８５％，９８．８４％和９８．７３％。结果基本相同，与非水滴定法相比具有测试方便、快速等优点。     

火焰原子吸收法测定茜素中的K、Na、Ca

本文对茜素中微量元素钾、钠、钙的火焰原子吸收法的测定进行了研究，结果表明：方法简单，具有很好的精密度和准确度。钾、钠、钙的相对标准偏差分别为：４．４％、２．５％和３．７％。回收率分别为９７．５％，９８．３％和９８．１％。     

由多个高斯函数表征的发光二极管光谱模型

利用发光二极管（LED）光色电综合测试系统测量不同颜色不同功率的LED在多个电流下的光谱,提出并构建了由多个高斯函数组成的LED光谱模型,并根据各颜色LED在额定电流下的光谱计算模型中的系数,最后将该模型与已报道的模型进行了对比。研究表明：对于光谱有n（n≥1）个波峰的LED,可用3n个高斯函数形式的模型来表示,大功率红、黄、蓝、绿、白色LED模型与实测光谱之间平均误差分别为3．45％、1．01％、2．33％、4．65％、2．49％,小功率LED的平均误差分别为2．61％、2．65％、3．77％、2．87％、2．48％。与已报道的模型相比,该模型精度高,普适性好。本研究对LED光度色度测量仪器的研制及智能化LED产品的设计具有重要意义。     

系数倍率紫外光谱法同时测定复方苯甲酸软膏中的苯甲酸和水杨酸的研究

本文用系数倍率紫外光谱法同时测定了复方苯甲酸软膏中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量,取得了满意的结果,苯甲酸测定回收率为99．33％－101．80％,水杨酸测定回收率100．92％－105．46％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重晶石中镉

本文介绍了用火焰原子吸收法测定重晶石中微量镉的方法。利用本方法测定重晶石中的微量镉得到了满意的结果。回收率９７．５％￣１０１．２％，相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）１．６８％￣４．４９％。     

The Tsallis entropy of natural information

Estimating the information contained in natural data, such as electroencephalography data, is unusually difficult because the relationship between the physical data and the information that it encodes is unknown. This unknown relationship is often called the encoding problem. The present work provides a solution to this problem by deriving a method to estimate the Tsallis entropy in natural data. The method is based on two findings. The first finding is that the physical instantiation of any information event, that is, the physical occurrence of a symbol of information, must begin and end at a discontinuity or critical point (maximum, minimum, or saddle point) in the data. The second finding is that, in certain data types such as the encephalogram (EEG), the variance within of an EEG waveform event is directly proportional to its probability of occurrence.These two outcomes yield two results. The first is the easy binning of data into separate information events. The second is the ability to estimate probabilities in two ways: frequency counting and computing the variance within of an EEG waveform. These results are used to derive a linear estimator of the Tsallis entropy functional, allowing it to be estimated without deducing the encoding.This method for estimating the Tsallis entropy is first used to estimate the information in simple signals. The amount of information estimated is highly accurate. The method is then applied to two problems in electroencephalography. The first is distinguishing normal aging from very early Alzheimer's disease (mild cognitive impairment), and the second is medication monitoring of Alzheimer's disease treatment. The former is done with an accuracy of 92% and the latter with an accuracy of 91%. This detection accuracy is the highest published accuracy in the literature, which suggests that this method for Tsallis entropy estimation is both accurate and useful.     

轻型车载大口径光电跟测系统光学设计

设计了一套能实现机动式布站的大口径车载可见光、红外、激光光电跟踪测量光学系统。其主光学系统采用共口径光谱分光方式工作,系统有效口径1.2m,各成像通道成像质量均达到衍射极限;捕获电视系统采用连续变焦距光学系统,视场范围0.31°～4.57°;激光测距通道设计作用距离达20km。光学设计结果表明,此套光学系统能够用于空中和空间目标的运动轨迹、成像测量和实况景象记录。     

小尾寒羊胴体不同部位矿物元素的比较研究

采用火焰原子吸收法对小尾寒羊胴体不同部位的Ca,Fe,K,Cu,Zn和Mg等矿物元素的含量进行了分析测定。该法的加标回收率为96.9%—104.2%,RSD值小于2.0%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。研究结果表明：小尾寒羊肉中Ca,Fe,K,Zn和Mg含量丰富,颈肉中Ca的含量最高,肋肉和腰肉中Mg的含量较高,心和肝中Fe的含量较高,心和颈肉中Zn的含量较高。此测定结果可为探讨羊肉中矿物元素的含量与其代谢调节功效的相关性提供科学依据。     

In-cylinder temperature field measurement with laser shearing interferometry for spark ignition engines

The temperature field in combustion chamber of spark ignition engine is measured using laser shearing interferometry and high-speed photography in this paper. A set of experimental facility is set up. The relationship equation between the interference fringe image and temperature distribution is deduced. Changing the shearing interferometry quantity, the two-dimensional temperature field of engine combustion chamber and flame propagation can be measured quantitatively by image processing. The test results indicate that the shearing interferometric method has a strong vibration resistance, and a simple and reliable optical path. The temperature distribution and the temperature gradient are different in different zones. The temperature is highest in the burning zone and the temperature gradient is large. The temperature is lower in the burned zone and the temperature gradient is smaller. The temperature is lowest in the unburned zone but the temperature gradient is large. At the initial period of combustion, the flame propagation velocity is low. In the combustion process, the flame front in the approximate spherical shape pushes toward the unburned zone, and the flame propagation velocity starts to decrease. It rapidly increases until it reaches the maximum value as the combustion process going on, and then it gradually decreases until it has burned in the entire combustion chamber.     

A theoretical study of radiation between two concentric spheres using a modified discrete ordinates method associated with Legendre transform

A modified discrete ordinates method (DOM) is used in spherical participating media. The radiative intensity is broken up into two components. One component is traced back to the enclosure's source. It is called direct intensity. The other component is rather traced back to the contribution of the medium itself. It is called diffuse intensity. Thus, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is transformed into two simultaneous equations: a direct RTE and a diffuse RTE. The direct RTE is solved analytically. The diffuse RTE is solved numerically using the DOM. The streaming angular derivative term appearing in spherical geometry is modeled by making use of the Finite Legendre Transform. We study a pure radiation transfer problem between two concentric spheres. The medium is assumed to be gray and isotropically scattering. The limiting spheres are considered to be opaque, gray, diffusely emitting and diffusely reflecting with uniform emissivity over each surface. The obtained results are compared with available cases reported in the literature. In particular, relative importance of the direct radiation in optically thin media is studied.     

管内两层介质入口段扩散混合的耦合换热研究

对圆管内辐射物性不同的两层介质层流入口段,采用SIMPLEC算法与蒙特卡罗法数值模拟了二维稳态流动与扩散混合时的辐射-对流耦合换热。通过计算,分析了介质层几何参数、介质物性与流动参数对组份分布与耦合换热的影响。结果表明,介质组分的扩散混合对耦合换热存在明显的影响区域,且该影响区大于组分的扩散混合区;外层介质的吸收系数、入口截面的相对厚度对耦合换热的影响基本一致;质扩散系数对耦合换热的影响很小,入口雷诺数的增加会抑制质扩散。     

高硫肥煤碳结构研究与光谱学表征

煤结构是煤化学的重要研究内容,优质肥煤在我国属于稀缺炼焦煤种。碳是煤结构的基本骨架,是构成煤中有机质及形成焦炭的主要元素。研究高硫肥煤中的碳结构对认知肥煤结构与性质,提高低品质炼焦煤利用效率具有重要意义。采集并制备山东东滩（DT）和山西水峪（SY）、霍州（HZ）、高阳（GY）四个矿区的肥煤样品,利用X-射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）以及 X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对煤中碳结构进行谱学表征和联合解析,结合煤质分析结果,计算不同肥煤样品的碳结构参数。研究结果表明：SY,HZ,GY和DT四种肥煤的芳香度f_a-XRD依次增大,芳香层片的延展度L_c和堆垛高度L_a依次减小,山西煤的芳香碳结构层片在排列规整度和芳香环缩合程度上强于东滩煤。DT和GY煤中芳香烃结构主要以苯环五取代、苯环四取代和苯环三取代形式存在,SY与HZ煤中芳香结构以苯环二取代和苯环四取代为主。DT和GY煤含有较多的支链和较高的芳环缩合度。四种肥煤中脂肪结构均是以亚甲基为主,DT,SY,HZ和GY煤的亚甲基占脂肪结构的比例分别为46.27%,48.89%,44.21%和41.85%,煤中含有较多的烷基侧链。GY与DT煤中甲基含量略高于次甲基,SY和HZ煤则相反,这主要与不同煤样在成烃期间长脂肪族结构发生断裂的程度有关。SY,HZ,GY和DT煤的芳碳率分别为0.83,0.81,0.74和0.68,芳氢率分别为0.51,0.43,0.34和0.29,煤中芳构化程度依次减小,芳香环缩合度依次升高。DT和HZ煤的氧化程度较高,DT煤含有较多的C-O结构,判断DT煤中存在较多不易被热分解或不易起化学反应的非活性氧。     

SU-8光刻胶应变分布光学全场检测方法

由于SU-8光刻胶的内应力将会影响高深宽比结构的全金属光栅的制作质量,本文针对近年来SU-8光刻胶应力测量困难的情况,提出了一种基于激光剪切散斑干涉技术的SU-8光刻胶应变分布测量的新方法。该方法通过对被测胶体加载前后两幅干涉图像的处理,直接得到被测胶体结构的全场应变分布情况,由胶体的应变变形数据即可反映出内应力的变化和分布趋势。同时使用ANSYS有限元分析软件对同一被测胶体进行应变仿真模拟研究,获得胶体结构的变形场仿真数据。组建了实验系统,进行了实验验证,结果表明:实际测量变形量约为1.189μm,仿真的最大变形量为1.088μm,测量误差在允许范围内,且测量的形变趋势与仿真模拟结果相一致,表明激光剪切散斑干涉技术可应用于SU-8光刻胶的应变分布全场无损检测。     

二氧化钒纳米点阵红外光学特性研究

针对二氧化钒纳米点阵从半导体到金属的可逆相变,考虑到点阵中各个点之间散射光的交互作用,基于VO2在不同温度和波长下的折射率和消光系数,以及小颗粒的吸收和散射特性,建立了VO2纳米颗粒的数学模型,研究了VO2纳米颗粒的相变光学特性.结果表明,随着波长变化,吸收截面相对散射截面占主导,金属相在980 nm附近出现吸收峰值|随着温度变化,可见光区域的消光系数变化较小,而红外区域较大,其中在近红外区域的消光系数变化最大.在纳米点阵中,消光截面随着颗粒间距变化,当颗粒间距增大时,消光峰值出现红移,且峰值大小也会随之增大|当间距超过一定数值后,峰值反而会逐渐减小.采用多孔氧化铝掩模的方法,通过磁控反应溅射制备VO2纳米点阵,测试结果表明其透过率比薄膜的透过率高.     

荧光光谱检测的酸性橙Ⅱ的研究

酸性橙Ⅱ在食品工业中是禁用添加剂.针对酸性橙Ⅱ的食品安全检测问题,报道了运用荧光光谱技术检测其水溶液的实验.实验表明,酸性橙Ⅱ水溶液在230～290nm波长激发下,310～390nm范围内产生荧光光谱,峰位波长在350nm,最佳激励波长为250nm;采用垂直偏振片(起偏角为0°)起偏照射样品,发现偏振荧光峰位不变,荧光峰强度随检偏角的增大而呈明显的线性递减关系.由实验数据计算得到荧光偏振度为0.783,表明分子具有一定确定取向;另外,分析认为酸性橙Ⅱ产生荧光,是由于分子中含有苯环和萘环结构吸收紫外光能量,以及氮键在光子作用下形成顺式异构体的激发单线态后,两者发射的光子所致.整个结果对酸性橙Ⅱ在食品中的违禁使用检测、特性表征、以及分子规律的更深入研究,有一定的参考价值.