热经济准孤立化优化

一、前言 在进行热经济优化时,若系统优化变量较多,则因计算量大而难于进行;特别是若系统中某个或某些子系统数学模型的非凸性,就引起整个系统数学模型的非凸性,这将导致无法保证能找出系统的最优值。见于这种情况,若能把每个子系统从系统中孤立出来,因为解决子系统的优化问题比解决整个系统的优化问题要简单得多,完成了子系统的热经     

基于预测PI的多变量控制在锅炉燃烧系统中的应用

在锅炉的燃烧控制系统中,燃烧对象是一个具有多变量、强耦合、强干扰、大滞后等特性的复杂过程系统,常规的PID控制无法满足实际需求。针对该问题,提出了将动态解耦方法与非线性最小二乘优化算法相结合,得到降阶模型,并运用预测PI控制算法进行控制研究。仿真结果表明：基于降阶模型的预测PI解耦控制策略具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性,且抗干扰能力强,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于自适应步长人工鱼群算法的仿生机器鱼目标检测研究

以全局视觉仿生机器鱼的视觉子系统为研究对象,为准确检测与跟踪目标(水球),提出了一种基于自适应步长人工鱼群算法的目标识别方法。该方法首先对鱼群个数进行初始化,以图像像素梯度值为目标函数,随机分布在像素矩阵中;然后计算初始鱼群中各机器鱼当前位置的食物浓度,选取其最小值作为公告板值,并将此鱼当前状态赋值公告板;在此基础上,各机器鱼分别模拟追尾行为和聚群行为,进行评价并选取目标函数值较优者为实际行为,通过不断更新公告板值,直到找到最优结果。实验结果表明该方法可减少计算复杂度,提高系统实时性,有效应用于全局视觉仿生机器鱼的目标检测与追踪。     

执行依赖启发式动态规划PMSM控制策略研究

永磁同步电机算法中的PID参数固定不变,自适应能力较差。近似动态规划具有自学习能力,能动态调整参数,增强系统的自适应能力。本文将近似动态规划中的代表性算法——执行依赖启发式动态规划与类PI网络相结合,根据环境反馈对各个策略进行评价,选取评价最优的策略在线调整动作网络参数,对永磁同步电机进行自适应最优控制。仿真结果表明,执行依赖启发式动态规划加PI控制算法在系统速度变化和负载变化过程中,动态效果和稳态精度优于传统PID控制。     

考虑环境的能量转换系统环境(火用)经济建模与优化

按照能量转换系统中(火用)流及废物流变化特征,提出了增设废物处理子系统进行系统排放废物的达标处理,并将整个系统划分为能量转换主子系统及废物治理附属子系统.给出了两个子系统各自的同时考虑热力学、经济学、环境三个目标的环境(火用)经济优化目标及相应的约束条件;提出了能量转换系统的环境(火用)经济分解协调优化策略,在子系统分别优化的基础上协调,达到系统全局的优化.     

基于人工神经网络在线学习方法优化磁屏蔽特性参数

磁屏蔽在磁场敏感的装置如原子钟、原子干涉仪等精密设备中发挥重要的作用,在变化外磁场下的某个磁屏蔽内部剩余磁场,可以通过Jiles-Atherton磁滞模型和磁屏蔽系数计算得出,根据计算结果可以进行主动补偿来抵消内部磁场的改变.然而实际应用中磁滞模型中五个与磁屏蔽相关的参数以及磁场衰减的两个参数的准确值的获得是比较困难的,通常根据实测磁滞回线人工匹配调节参数会花费大量时间且很难确保最终参数是全局最优值.基于人工神经网络的机器学习方法已经成为一种对复杂模型进行参数优化的有效手段,得益于现代计算机强大的运算能力,该过程通常远远快于人工参数调节,并有更大概率找到全局最优值,获得优于手工调节的参数值.本文利用人工神经网络在线机器学习的方法,对磁滞模型的五个参数与磁屏蔽的另外两个屏蔽相关参数进行优化测定,并对模拟卫星磁场环境下磁屏蔽内剩余磁场进行预测.通过实际测量屏蔽筒内剩余磁场与预测值比对,发现通过机器学习方法得到的磁屏蔽特性参数优于手动找到的参数,且所用时间大大缩短.该结果不仅有助于更好地进行磁场补偿,用于冷原子系统参数优化调整,更重要的是验证了神经网络在多参数物理系统中的应用,可以使其他多参数共同作用的物理实验进行最优参数的快速确定.     

基于连续时间广义预测校正的水下非线性追踪博弈控制

针对复杂环境下的追踪控制问题,提出了一种基于连续时间广义预测校正的水下非线性追踪博弈控制算法.利用连续时间广义预测对目标机动偏离趋势进行在线预测补偿校正,将机动目标紧缩于最大捕获概率扇面之内,同时引入零效控制参数和连续时间广义预测校正算法,解决了微分对策动态博弈剩余时间难于估计的问题,提高了系统的响应速度.将算法应用于水下非线性追踪博弈的验证结果表明,该算法兼顾了控制约束与干扰抑制性能,能够实时有效地对抗初始偏差和随机扰动,不仅具有良好的导引效果,而且有效提高了系统对环境干扰的鲁棒性.     

混流泵三元叶片优化设计方法研究

以叶片角的分布为优化变量,叶轮效率为优化目标,将三维粘性流动分析与神经网络相结合对混流泵叶片进行了优化设计。在设计空间内根据实验设计理论安排神经网络的训练样本,选择径向基函数网络建立设计变量和目标函数间复杂的响应关系,利用遗传算法进行优化。针对研究对象设计变量较多、变化范围较大的问题,提出子系统优化的初步思想,即:将优化变量进行分类,对每类变量建立子系统,分别在子系统内进行局部优化,然后再考虑子系统之间的相互影响进行全局优化。对一混流泵的三元扭曲叶片进行优化,叶轮效率明显提高,从而验证了该方法的简便性与有效性。     

自然循环流动不稳定性的多目标优化极限学习机预测方法

极限学习机是近年来提出的一种前向单隐层神经网络训练算法,具有训练速度快、不会陷入局部最优等优点,但其性能会受到随机选取的输入权值和阈值的影响.针对这一问题,提出一种基于多目标优化的改进极限学习机,将训练误差和输出层权值的均方最小化同时作为优化目标,采用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法对极限学习机的输入层到隐层的权值和阈值进行优化.将该算法应用于摇摆工况下自然循环系统不规则复合型流量脉动的多步滚动预测,分析了训练误差和输出层权值对不同步长预测效果的影响.仿真结果表明,优化极限学习机预测误差可以用较小的网络规模获得很好的泛化能力.为流动不稳定性的实时预测提供了一种准确度较高的途径,其预测结果可以作为核动力系统操作员的参考.     

长距离分布式光纤传感中基于STM32的遗传算法偏振控制

基于STM32微处理器采用偏振控制器反馈技术并结合遗传算法对50km长距离分布式光纤振动传感系统中偏振衰落进行抑制.结合STM32与PCD-M02型偏振控制模块特性,优化遗传算法相关参量,在STM32微处理器上实现了遗传算法对传感系统的偏振控制.实验结果表明,基于STM32微处理器的遗传算法在短时间内能得到全局近似最优解,有效实现偏振控制,该方案适用于对实时性和集成度要求较高的长距离分布式光纤传感系统.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.