静态 dilaton 黑洞中带电磁荷粒子的隧穿效应

利用Parikh 和 Wilczek的隧穿模型,在Gibbons-Maeda dilaton 黑洞时空中,通过计算带有电荷和磁荷的粒子在事件视界上的隧穿概率,研究了该黑洞的Hawking辐射.在粒子的隧穿过程中,强调了时空的能量守恒和电磁荷守恒,考虑了隧穿粒子对背景时空的反作用.计算表明,在Gibbons-Maeda dilaton 黑洞时空中,带电磁荷的粒子通过事件视界的隧穿概率取决于粒子出射前后黑洞熵的变化.这表示,黑洞辐射过程中可以满足信息守恒和量子理论的幺正性. 关键词： 黑洞 霍金辐射 量子理论     

Correction to Hawking Pure Thermal Spectrum of Stationary Kaluza-Klein Black Hole

Applying Parikh's quantum tunneling method, the tunneling characteristics of stationary Kaluza-Klein black hole is researched. The result shows that the tunneling rate across the event horizon of the black hole is relevant to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived radiation spectrum deviates from pure thermal when the self-gravitation, energy conservation and angular momentum conservation are taken into consideration. Finally, we use the obtained results to reduce to stationary Kerr black hole and static Swarzschild black hole, and find that only ignoring the spectrum at higher energies the tunneling radiation spectrum is consistent with Hawking pure thermal one. PACS:97.60.Lf,04.70._s     

黑洞的Hawking辐射

运用Damour-Ruffini方法研究黑洞的Hawking辐射.在保持时空中总能量守恒的条件下,考虑辐射粒子对时空的反作用后,得到了黑洞视界处粒子出射率与Bekenstein-Hawking熵有关,辐射谱不再是严格的纯热谱.所得结果与他人的工作一致,且满足量子力学的幺正性原理. 关键词： Damour-Ruffini方法 Hawking辐射 能量守恒     

Radiation Characteristics of Stationary Axisymmetric Sen Black Hole as Tunneling

Taking energy conservation and angular momentum conservation into account, the tunneling radiation characteristics of stationary axisymmetric Sen black hole is studied in this paper with the quantum tunneling method and the results show that the tunneling rate of particle at the event horizon of the black hole is relevant to Bekenstein–Hawking entropy and that the radiation spectrum is not strictly pure thermal. PACS: 04.70_S, 97.60.Lf     

The research on the quantum tunneling characteristics and the radiation spectrum of the stationary axisymmetric black hole

At the event horizon and the cosmological horizon of the stationary axisymmetric Kerr-Newman black hole in the de Sitter space-time background, the tunneling rate of the charged particles is relevant with Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the real radiation spectrum is not strictly pure thermal, but consistent with the underlying unitary theory in quantum mechanics. This is a feasible interpretation for the paradox of the black hole information loss. Taking the self-gravitation action, energy conservation, angular momentum conservation and charge conservation into account, the derived radiation spectrum is a correct amendment to the Hawking pure thermal spectrum.     

Hawking Radiation of the Charged Particles via Tunneling from the (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>+2)-Dimensional Topological Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter Black Hole

Extending Parikh-Wilczek’s semi-classical tunneling method, we discuss the Hawking radiation of the charged massive particles via tunneling from the cosmological horizon of (n+2)-dimensional Topological Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black hole.The result shows that, when energy conservation and electric charge conservation are taken into account, the derived spectrum deviates from the pure thermal one, but satisfies the unitary theory, which provides a probability for the solution of the information loss paradox.     

Massive Radiation via Tunneling in a BTZ Black Hole

Hawking radiation can usefully be viewed as a semi-classical tunneling process that originates at the black hole horizon. Massive radiation from a BTZ black hole is investigated. The conservation of energy implies the effect of self-gravitation. Viewed as a tunneling process, the emission spectrum derivates from the pure thermal spectrum, but it is consistent with an underlying unitary theory. The result is the same as that of massless particles.     

Charged Particle’s Tunneling in a Modified Reissner-Nordstrom Black Hole

In the tunneling framework of Hawking radiation, charged particle’s tunneling in the modified Reissner-Nordstrom black hole from gravity’s rainbow is investigated. To this end, following the Schwarzschild solution in gravity’s rainbow, the metric of the modified Reissner-Nordstrom black hole is given. In the tunneling process, the metric fluctuation is taken into account, due to not only the energy conservation and electric charge conservation, but also the spacetime quantum effects. The calculation shows out that the emission rate satisfies the first law of black hole thermodynamics and is consistent with an underlying unitary theory. In addition, it is found that the entropy of the modified black hole is different to the Benkestein-Hawking entropy and the quantum corrections of the entropy appears.     

Quantum Tunneling Radiation of Kerr-NUT Black Hole

Based on particles in a dynamical geometry, extending the Parikh ＇s method of quantum tunneling, radiation, we deeply investigate the quantum tunneling radiation of Kerr-NUT bhck hole. When self-gravitating action, energy conservation, and angular momentum conservation are taken into account, the emission rate of the particle on the event horizon is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the emission spectrum is not precisely thermal, but is consistent with an underlying unitary theory.     

Entropy is conserved in Hawking radiation as tunneling: A revisit of the black hole information loss paradox

We revisit in detail the paradox of black hole information loss due to Hawking radiation as tunneling. We compute the amount of information encoded in correlations among Hawking radiations for a variety of black holes, including the Schwarzchild black hole, the Reissner–Nordström black hole, the Kerr black hole, and the Kerr–Newman black hole. The special case of tunneling through a quantum horizon is also considered. Within a phenomenological treatment based on the accepted emission probability spectrum from a black hole, we find that information is leaked out hidden in the correlations of Hawking radiation. The recovery of this previously unaccounted for information helps to conserve the total entropy of a system composed of a black hole plus its radiations. We thus conclude, irrespective of the microscopic picture for black hole collapsing, the associated radiation process: Hawking radiation as tunneling, is consistent with unitarity as required by quantum mechanics.     

A Secret Tunnel Through the Horizon

Hawking radiation is often intuitively visualized as particles that have tunneled across the horizon. Yet, at first sight, it is not apparent where the barrier is. Here I show that the barrier depends on the tunneling particle itself. The key is to implement energy conservation, so that the black hole contracts during the process of radiation. A direct consequence is that the radiation spectrum cannot be strictly thermal. The correction to the thermal spectrum is of precisely the form that one would expect from an underlying unitary quantum theory. This may have profound implications for the black hole information puzzle.     

Research on Hawking Radiation as Tunneling from Schwarzshild-anti-de Sitter Black Hole

After taking into account energy conservation and the particle’s self-gravitation interaction, Hawking radiation of the massive particle as tunneling from Schwarzshild-anti-de Sitter black hole is studied by using Parikh-Wilczek’s semi-classical quantum tunneling approach. Meanwhile, Hawking radiation as tunneling from the black hole is reexamined by developing Angheben–Nadalini–Vanzo–Zerbini (ANVZ) covariant method to cover energy conservation and the particle’s self-gravitation interaction. Both the results perfectly generalize those obtained by Parikh and Wilczek, and show that the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and the factual emission spectrum is not exactly thermal, but satisfies the underlying unitary theory. PACS: 04.70-s, 9760. Lf.     

A New Method to Study the Hawking Radiation from the Kerr-NUT Black Hole

Developing Hamilton-Jacobi method, we discuss the Hawking radiation of Kerr-NUT black hole by considering the self-gravitation interaction as well as the energy conservation and angular momentum conservation. The result shows that the factual spectrum deviates from the precisely thermal one and the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, which is accordant with that obtained by Parikh and Wilczek’s method and gives an interesting correction to the Hawking radiation of the black hole.     

Black hole thermodynamics and the factor of 2 problem

We show that the recent tunneling formulas for black hole radiation in static, spherically symmetric spacetimes follow as a consequence of the first law of black hole thermodynamics and the area-entropy relation based on the radiation temperature. A tunneling formula results even if the radiation temperature is different from the one originally derived by Hawking and this is discussed in the context of the recent factor of 2 problem. In particular, it is shown that if the radiation temperature is higher than the Hawking temperature by a factor of two, thermodynamics then leads to a tunneling formula which is exactly the one recently found to be canonically invariant.     

Quantum Gravitational Effects on Tunneling Rate of Reissner-Nordströum Black Hole Emission and Generalized Second Law

The semi-classical black hole tunneling radiation (Parikh-Wilczek tunneling proposal) is calculated under a minimal length uncertainty analysis. It is
shown that, the generalized second law of thermodynamics may bound the tunneling probability radiation of a Reissner-Nordström black hole radiation.     

用量子隧穿法研究带质量四极矩静态黑洞的Hawking辐射

对带质量四极矩的静态黑洞Hawking辐射的隧穿过程进行了简单直接的推导，得到了热谱.因推导过程应用了能量守恒定律，故真正的辐射不一定是纯热的.这一结果支持了这样一种观点：隧穿的辐射携带信息是可能的. 关键词： 黑洞 辐射 隧穿 能量守恒     

Comparison of Approaches to Quantum Gravitational Corrections on the Reissner-Nordstr?m-de Sitter Black Hole Tunneling Radiation

Although the tunneling approach is fully established for black hole radiation, much work has been done to support the extension of this approach to more general settings. In this letter the Parikh-Kraus-Wilczeck tunneling proposal of black hole tunneling radiation is considered. The Reissner-Nordstr?m-de Sitter black hole thermodynamics is studied according to the generalized uncertainty principle and the modified dispersion relation analysis. It is shown that entropy, temperature and the original Parikh-Kraus-Wilczek calculations of the black hole tunneling probability receive new corrections. The results are compared and it is shown that these two alternative approaches lead to the same results if one uses the suitable expansion coefficients.     

Tunneling across dilaton–axion black holes

In this work we study both charged and uncharged particles tunneling across the horizon of spherically symmetric dilaton–axion black holes using Parikh–Wilczek tunneling formalism. Such black hole solutions have much significance in string theory based models. For different choices of the dilaton and axion couplings with the electromagnetic field, we show that the tunneling probability depends on the difference between initial and final entropies of the black hole. Our results, which agree with similar results obtained for other classes of black holes, further confirm the usefulness of Parikh–Wilczek formalism to understand Hawking radiation. The emission spectrum is shown to agree with a purely thermal spectrum only in the leading order. The modification of the proportionality factor in the area–entropy relation in the Bekenstein–Hawking formula has been determined.     

Hawking radiation and black hole entropy in a gravity’s rainbow

In the context of gravity’s rainbow, Planck scale correction on Hawking radiation and black hole entropy in Parikh and Wilczk’s tunneling framework is studied. We calculate the tunneling probability of massless particles in the modified Schwarzschild black holes from gravity’s rainbow. In the tunneling process, when a particle gets across the horizon, the metric fluctuation must be taken into account, not only due to energy conservation but also to spacetime Planck scale effect. Our results show that the emission rate is related to changes of the black hole’s quantum corrected entropies before and after the emission. In the same time, for the modified black holes, a series of correction terms including a logarithmic term to Bekenstein–Hawking entropy are obtained. Correspondingly, the spectrum of Planck scale corrected emission is obtained and it deviates from the thermal spectrum. In addition, a specific form of modified dispersion relation is proposed and applied.     

Concrete quantum tunneling spectrum of Schwarzschild black holes

In this paper,a canonical ensemble model for black hole quantum tunneling radiation is introduced.We find that the probability distribution function is the same as the emission rate of a spherical shell in the Parikh-Wilczek tunneling framework.With this model,the probability distribution function corresponding to the emission shell system is calculated.Therefore,the concrete quantum tunneling spectrum of the Schwarzschild black hole is obtained.