神经网络反演算法在超声测量单向复合纤维材料特性中的应用

提出了一种神经网络反演算法,用于超声测量单向复合纤维材料的参数。算法基于Chistoffel方程,将单向复合纤维材料视作六角对称晶体,通过测量纤维样品中的声速,可以反演出五个独立的弹性系数C11,C12,C13,C33和C44。反演方法则利用了神经网络反复学习不断用较好样例更新的训练样本集,克服了由于学习样例数目有限而使神经网络在预测过程中所产生的误差,提高了计算精度。并将该方法用于单向复合材料S2/DET85的弹性系数的实验测量和反演,所得声速与实验测量值吻合较好。该方法实现了超声测量单向复合纤维材料特性的自动递进反演过程。     

声速测量实验原理释疑

目前常见的一种声速测量实验中，通常认为接收端测量到的信号是按驻波规律变化的，按照这个原理虽然能得到正确的声速测量结果，但是也有许多明显不合理的地方，本文对这个实验提出了新的解释，不仅能够很好地与实验现象符合，也避免了理论上的矛盾。     

基于 LabVIEW 声速测量系统研究声速与温湿度的关系

利用USB独立声卡结合虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW开发了声速测量系统,研究了声速与空气的温度、湿度之间的关系,得到了温湿度修正的声速经验公式。     

利用VISAR测量LY12铝在冲击压缩下的声速

 介绍了利用VISAR技术测量受冲击压缩LY12铝的高压声速的方法。平板对称碰撞实验在冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室的二级轻气炮上进行，峰值应力约为20、32、55和71 GPa。每发实验中，VISAR同时使用三种条纹常数测量LY12铝和单晶LiF窗口的界面粒子速度剖面。从三种条纹常数计算的界面粒子速度剖面相互符合，完全一致。实验信号具有很高的信噪比，表明样品与窗口之间的界面连结和处理技术非常成功。这种测量技术不仅能够得到初始加载应力下的纵波声速，而且能够得到声速沿着卸载路径的变化。将声速的塑性段外推到初始冲击加载压力即得到该压力下的体积声速。LY12铝的声速测量结果与假定ργ为常数条件下用Mie-Grüneisen状态方程计算的结果符合得很好。     

利用自发布里渊散射测量液体声速

为了克服共振干涉法在液体的热力学声速和高频声速测量方面精度不高的问题, 本文建立了一种基于自发布里渊散射原理的测定液体声速的实验装置. 利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪对散射光进行扫描滤波, 数据采集卡结合光子计数器对散射光进行探测, 设计了一种散射光信息采集分析方法. 该实验方法有效的解决了传统布里渊散射方法中信号失真的问题, 显著地提升了液体声速测量精度. 对308.6–906.2 MHz内298.15 K饱和液相CCl₄声速进行了测量, 测量结果与文献值具有较好一致性. 利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪周期性扫描的滤波原理, 通过在测量得到的布里渊频移上加减整数倍个自由波谱区, 得到了更大频率的波谱信息, 进而设计一种测定介质高频声速的方法. 对CCl₄在5406.1–5521.0 MHz频段内的声速进行了测量. 实验结果显示, CCl₄的热力学声速随频率无明显变化, 而高频声速随频率的增大呈增大趋势且远大于热力学声速, 证实CCl₄具有色散现象.     

多普勒效应测量声速实验的设计

介绍了设计性实验"多普勒效应测量声速."该实验要求学生理解多普勒效应测量声速的原理,利用气垫导轨实验和声速的测定实验仪器,设计出一套多普勒效应测量声速的实验装置,并利用该实验装置测量声速.     

逐差间隔数对处理结果准确性影响实验研究

文章利用逐差法处理了声速测量和电阻测量及弹簧振子弹性系数实验数据,研究总结不同逐差间隔数对处理结果的影响,结果表明逐差间隔数与处理结果的准确性没有非常明确的关系,逐差间隔数接近数据总量一半时,结果接近线性回归结果的几率增大.     

高超声速类HTV2模型全目标电磁散射特性实验研究

针对临近空间高超声速飞行器目标探测与识别研究的需求,开展了高超声速飞行器非均匀等离子体电磁散射特性模拟测量研究.利用弹道靶设备发射高超声速类HTV2模型形成模拟的超高速复杂外形目标,弹道靶高精度阴影成像系统和雷达测量系统分别测量高超声速类HTV2模型姿态、全目标C波段/X波段电磁散射特性,获得了不同实验条件下模型全目标雷达散射截面积(RCS)等实验数据.研究结果表明:在不同实验状态下,包覆等离子体鞘套的高超声速类HTV2模型同一测量波段的RCS差别超过1个数量级,模型姿态角对包覆等离子体鞘套的高超声速类HTV2模型RCS影响较大,最大相差1个多数量级;在给定的实验条件下,模型尾迹C波段RCS远小于包覆等离子体鞘套的模型RCS,模型尾迹X波段RCS显著增强;高超声速类HTV2模型全目标C波段电磁散射能量主要分布在模型及其绕流区域, X波段电磁散射能量主要分布在模型及其绕流区域和等离子体尾迹区域.根据弹道靶实验条件,开展了包覆等离子体鞘套的高超声速类HTV2模型电磁散射特性数值仿真,仿真结果与实验结果之间的最大误差小于4 d B,验证了本文提出的非均匀等离子体包覆目标电磁散射特性建模方法的...     

重玻璃高压声速测量与反向加载光分析技术

高压声速测量在冲击波物理研究中有重要的意义。高压卸载声速测量是研究材料动态力学性质和高压物理性质十分有效的手段。当同时测得纵波和体波声速后，就可以得到材料在动高压下的剪切模量。通过纵波声速向体积声速的跃变，可以判定冲击熔化的发生。由此不难明白，声速测量精度对冲击波物理研究的重要性。图1为典型的实验波形、Hugoniot、冲击温度和高压卸载声速测量结果。图1（a）中波形上数字为测量中心波长，t0和t1为冲击波到达时刻，t2为稀疏波赶上冲击波的时刻。     

高温高压条件下液态氧的声速及弹性系数研究

 采用布里渊散射技术和金刚石对顶砧高压装置,对液态氧进行了高温高压实验研究。入射光采用波长为532 nm的单纵模二极管泵浦固体激光源,布里渊光谱由3+3通道法布里-珀罗干涉仪收集。采用电阻丝外加热方法产生高温,用四柱型金刚石对顶砧压机产生高压。分别在背向散射和60°对称散射配置下,研究了温度在298、367和423 K下液态氧的声速及弹性系数随压力的变化关系,实验的最高温度和压力为423 K、8.9 GPa。结果表明,通过实验测量所得到的声速值与理论计算值较接近,并发现在2.3~4.9 GPa的压力范围内,温度由298 K升高到367 K时,弹性系数并没有明显的减小,认为在这个压力范围内,当温度升高时,液氧的体积不膨胀,即基本保持不变。     

用声波速度确定骨组织弹性参数

本文用超声方法确定密质骨的弹性特征,其基本原理是基于弹性波理论中的Christoffel方程。本文应用液浸、声波穿透技术,对牛胫骨样品中一些特殊入射方向的声波速度进行了测试,利用固体中沿任意方向的弹性波传播速度与材料的弹性系数间的关系,通过计算机编程反演出具有六方晶体对称结构的密质骨组织的5个独立弹性常数。结果与相关文献中其它方法所得结果一致。     

Lattice dynamics,third order elastic constants and low temperature lattice thermal expansion of zirconium

The lattice dynamics and the anharmonic properties of the hexagonal Zirconium are worked out using Keating's approach. The dispersion curves are fitted using twelve second order parameters and the six second order elastic constants are evaluated. The ten third order elastic constants are calculated using five third order parameters. The experimental measurements on the pressure derivatives of the second order elastic constants in Zirconium are in good agreement with the calculated values. The low-temperature limit of the lattice thermal expansion is calculated which agrees well with the value obtained from thermal expansion data. The variation of the generalised GPs of the elastic modes with the direction of propagation is illustrated by polar diagram.     

Elastic constants of an aluminum-alumina unidirectional composite

The five independent second-order elastic constants of a transversely isotropic aluminum/alumina fiber composite have been measured for the first time using a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique. These data were used to deduce the elastic constants and engineering moduli for off-axis loading conditions.     

Experimental investigation of the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves and calculation of the elastic constants of nanocrystalline pyrocarbon

The dispersion of the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in pyrocarbon samples with a monotonically varying structure is studied in a frequency range of 0.5–25 MHz. The elastic constants of pyrocarbon samples that were obtained with the processing temperatures of 2100–3200°C are calculated on the basis of the measured values of propagation velocities of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves.     

Stiffness matrix invariants to validate the characterization of composite materials with ultrasonic methods

This paper presents a method of testing the ultrasonic measurements of the stiffness matrix, and the identification of the anisotropic behaviour, of composite materials. Some linear combinations of elastic constants are invariants for a rotation around an axis of symmetry. If the stacking sequence is the only parameter which changes in a set of long-fibre composites made of the superimposition of plies, the composites must own these invariants. So, PEEK-carbon fibre composite samples were constructed in this way to measure their elastic properties by immersion and contact ultrasonic methods, and to compare the results with predicted invariants. By changing the stacking sequence of plies three anisotropic models are tested: orthotropic, hexagonal and quadratic. Measurements of ultrasonic velocities in various planes of propagation permit the identification of the elastic constant and invariants. From the invariance of these linear combinations, the precision of the three-dimensional effective moduli can be estimated.     

Determination of the elastic constants of a composite plate using wavelet transforms and neural networks

An inverse method based on a combination of the wavelet transform and artificial neural networks is presented. The method is used to recover the elastic constants of a fiber-reinforced composite plate from experimental measurements of ultrasonic Lamb waves generated and detected with lasers. In this method, the elastic constants are not recovered from the dispersion curves but rather directly from the measured waveforms. Transient waveforms obtained by numerical simulations for different elastic constants are used as input to train the neural network. The wavelet transform is used to extract the eigenvectors from the Lamb wave signals to simplify the structure of the neutral network. The eigenvectors are then introduced into a multilayer internally recurrent neural network with a back-propagation algorithm. Finally, experimental waveforms recoded on a titanium-graphite composite plate are used as input to recover the elastic constants of the material.     

关于岩石三阶弹性常数的超声测量方法

油气储层岩石的三阶弹性常数反映了该岩石的速度应力敏感性,是利用声波测井或地震资料进行原位地应力反演的基本参数。本文阐述了利用声弹性理论在实验室测量岩石三阶弹性常数的原理与方法,并给出了部分实验结果。这些参数将为研究声波在预应力声场中传播规律的提供基础数据,同时也为定量分析利用交叉偶极声波测井评价地应力的精度提供了依据。不同岩石的三阶弹性常数较大差异表明,通过速度各向异性进行应力反演时必须考虑岩石本身非线性的差异。     

Elastic and acoustic characteristics of a three-dimensional carbon supracrystal (C)CTO

The force constants of the central and noncentral interactions of carbon atoms in a three-dimensional supracrystal (C)_CTO have been calculated using the ab initio and Harrison bond-orbital methods. The components of the elastic rigidity tensor and the propagation velocity of elastic waves in the supracrystal have been calculated. The results are close in magnitude to corresponding characteristics of diamond.     

Temperature dependent ultrasonic properties of aluminium nitride

Hexagonal wurtzite structured aluminium nitride has been characterized by the theoretical calculation of ultrasonic attenuation, ultrasonic velocity, higher order elastic constants, thermal relaxation time, acoustic coupling constants and other related parameters in temperature range 200-800 K for wave propagation along the unique axis of the crystal. Higher order elastic constants of AlN at different temperatures are calculated using Lennard-Jones potential for the determination of ultrasonic attenuation. A decrease in ultrasonic velocity with temperature has been predicted, which is caused by reduction in higher order elastic constants with temperature. The temperature dependent ultrasonic properties have been discussed in correlation with higher order elastic constants, thermal relaxation time, thermal conductivity, acoustic coupling constants and thermal energy density. Anomalous behaviour of the attenuation is found at 400 K. On the basis of attenuation, the ductility and performance of AlN have been studied.     

Determination of elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants of an R:BaTiO₃ single crystal by Brillouin scattering

From the sound velocity measured using the Brillouin scattering technique,the elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants of a high-quality monodomain tetragonal Rh:BaTiO3 single crystal are determined at room temperature.The elastic constants are in fairly good agreement with those of the BaTiO3 single crystal,measured previously by Brillouin scattering and the low-frequency equivalent circuit methods.However,their electromechanical properties are significantly different.Based on the sound propagation equations and these results,the directional dependence of the compressional modulus and the shear modulus of Rh:BaTiO3 in the(010) plane is investigated.Some properties of sound propagation and electromechanical coupling in the crystal are discussed.