Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2单晶中巨磁致伸缩的逆效应

研究了Terfenol-D材料中巨磁致伸缩的逆效应,即磁机械效应.基于Stoner-Wohlfarth(SW)模型,考虑磁晶各向异性和应力各向异性能,依据自由能极小原理,获得了退磁态下Terfenol-D单晶中磁化强度方向和压应力的关系.采用数值方法求解了平衡条件下的非线性方程组.理论结果表明,Terfenol-D巨磁致伸缩单晶中的磁各向异性取决于磁晶各向异性和应力各向异性之间的竞争.在压应力的作用下,Terfenol-D单晶中的磁各向异性由立方向单轴转变.理论和实验结果的比较表明,存在一个临界压应力,使磁致伸缩效应达到极大值.该理论结果还解释了压应力使得Terfenol-D单晶材料难于磁化和磁致伸缩效应出现极大值的实验事实.理论计算不仅为研究这类问题提供了一个更准确的方法,而且其结果也有助于理解类似材料中的磁化过程.     

压应力对Fe0.81 Ga0.19单晶磁化和磁致伸缩的影响

研究了Fe_0.81Ga_0.19合金单晶沿[100]方向的磁机械效应和磁致伸缩效应.基于Stoner-Wohlfarth模型,通过数值计算获得了在压应力和外磁场联合作用下磁化强度的方向余弦.研究表明,随着压应力的增加,退磁态下合金中的磁各向异性会由三轴各向异性向双轴各向异性转变.这使得合金中 90° 畴的体积分数增加,导致磁致伸缩效应增大. 关键词： FeGa合金 磁机械效应 巨磁致伸缩效应     

Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2合金磁畴偏转研究

研究了Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe₂合金在压磁和磁 弹性效应中的磁畴偏转和磁导率特性. 基于Stoner-Wolhfarth 模型能量极小原理, 绘制了自由能与磁畴偏转角度的关系曲线, 研究了压应力和磁场载荷作用下磁畴角度的偏转特性, 计算分析了不同载荷作用下磁畴偏转的磁导率特性, 并与实验数据进行比较论证. 研究表明,应力和磁场的作用都将使磁畴方向[111]和[111]发生角度跃迁, 直观有效地解释了材料巨磁致伸缩效应的机理; 应力和磁场作用下磁畴的偏转将使材料磁导率呈减小趋势, 其中磁场能对磁导率的影响大于应力能, 这一现象在小载荷作用下尤为明显. 实验结果表明, 磁导率的计算数据与实验数据符合得较好, 验证了计算方法的正确性. 理论分析对Terfenol-D磁畴偏转模型的完善 和磁化过程中磁滞回线的绘制非常有意义.     

高磁导率材料FeCuNbSiB对超磁致伸缩/压电层合材料磁电性能的影响

采用超磁致伸缩材料TbxDy_1-xFe₂(x≈0.3)(Terfenol-D)、压电材料PbZrxTi_1-xO₃(PZT)和高磁导率材料FeCuNbSiB构造了新型的层合结构.由于引入高磁导率材料FeCuNbSiB改变了Terfenol-D的内部磁场分布,并且在磁场作用下,FeCuNbSiB发生形变对Terfenol-D产生应力,增大了Terfeno 关键词： 磁电效应 磁致伸缩材料 压电材料 高磁导率材料     

有限输入阻抗下压电/磁伸层叠材料磁电效应理论及实验

将磁致伸缩材料及压电材料本构方程与运动方程结合,考虑压电材料具有的高输出阻抗的特点及测试设备的有限输入阻抗和传输信号引线电容对磁电效应输出电压的影响,推出了Terfenol-D巨磁伸材料与横向极化Pb(Zr_1-xTi_x)O₃压电材料的磁电效应理论,研制了由一维磁伸材料构成的三明治结构元件并对其性能进行了测试,采用考虑了测试系统有限输入阻抗后建立的磁电效应理论结果与实验结果更符合.理论结果表明磁电元件在有限输入阻抗 关键词： 磁电效应 有限输入阻抗 压电/磁伸复合 一维磁伸材料     

Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2合金磁畴偏转的滞回特性研究

研究了不同载荷作用下Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe₂合金在压磁和磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转的滞回特性. 基于Stoner-Wolhfarth模型的能量极小原理, 采用绘制自由能-磁畴偏转角度关系曲线的求解方法, 研究了压磁和磁弹性效应中载荷作用下的磁畴角度偏转和磁化过程, 计算分析了不同载荷作用下磁畴偏转的滞回特性. 研究表明, 压磁和磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转均存在明显的滞回、跃迁效应, 其中磁化强度的滞回效应来源于磁畴偏转的角度跃迁; 压磁效应中预加磁场的施加将增大磁化强度的滞回, 同时使滞回曲线向大压应力方向偏移; 磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转的滞回存在两个临界磁场强度, 不同磁场强度下合金具有不同的磁畴偏转路径和磁化滞回曲线, 临界磁场强度的大小取决于预压应力的施加. 理论分析对类磁致伸缩材料磁畴偏转模型的完善和材料器件的设计应用非常有意义.     

TbDyFe薄膜对三明治膜巨磁阻抗效应的影响

将600℃退火后的超磁致伸缩材料(Tb0.27Dy_0.73)_0.3Fe_0.7薄膜作为Ni_80.2Fe_14.1Si_0.2Mn_0.4Mo_5.1三明治膜的基底，制备出四层膜.结果表明：附加的磁致伸缩并没有减小材料的巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应，而由于磁场下磁致伸缩材料的应力效应影响了三明治膜中的各向异性场，使三明治膜的GMI效应增大了4倍.再将制备态的四层膜在280℃下真空退火，退火态四层膜也增大了三明治膜的GMI效应，但可能由于磁致伸缩向磁性层中的扩散，其GMI效应相对于制备态四层膜则有所降低. 关键词： 巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应 三明治膜 TbDyFe薄膜 各向异性场     

偏置磁场对磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料磁电效应的影响

根据磁致伸缩材料的非线性本构关系得到其动态杨氏弹性模量和动态压磁系数,结合等效电路法得到磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料的磁电效应与磁致伸缩材料的动态杨氏弹性模量和动态压磁系数的关系,讨论了偏置磁场对这种层合材料的谐振频率和谐振磁电电压转换系数的影响.理论推导和实验结果均表明,存在最佳偏置磁场使磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料的谐振磁电电压转换系数最大. 关键词： 磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料 磁电效应 偏置磁场 非线性本构关系     

基于力磁耦合效应的铁磁材料修正磁化模型

Jiles-Atherton (J-A)模型和Zheng Xiao-Jing-Liu Xing-En (Z-L)模型在分析应力对铁磁材料磁化的影响方面应用十分广泛.目前, J-A模型中的磁致伸缩应变与应力和磁化强度的关系式采用Jiles给出的经典拟合公式,该拟合公式中磁化强度的二次项和四次项系数与应力均为线性关系,不能准确描述铁磁材料磁致伸缩系数随应力、磁化强度的非线性变化规律; Z-L模型中磁致伸缩应变与应力和磁化强度的关系式采用了双曲正切函数tanh(x),更好地描述了铁磁材料磁致伸缩应变和磁化强度随应力的非线性变化规律,但Z-L模型却没有考虑Weiss分子场、钉扎效应的作用,且由于采用了基于弹性能的接近定理,只能描述弹性应力对磁化过程的影响.针对上述问题,本文结合Z-L模型中的非线性磁致伸缩应变关系式以及J-A模型中的磁滞理论,考虑弹性应力、塑性变形对模型参数的影响,建立了能够反映弹-塑性阶段应力与塑性变形对铁磁材料磁化曲线影响的修正磁化模型,分析了弹性拉、压应力及塑性拉、压变形对磁化曲线、矫顽力和剩余磁化强度的影响规律.通过与试验结果及原有模型的计算结果进行对比,发现修正模型能够更好地反映单次磁化、循环磁化过程中应力、塑性变形对磁化曲线的影响规律,理论预测结果与试验结果之间的相关系数均在0.98以上,可为分析力磁耦合效应对铁磁材料磁化影响规律提供更准确的理论模型.     

超磁致伸缩材料性能测量实验

采用比较法和电桥法测量了Terfenol-D样品的磁致伸缩系数,并采用共振法测量了Terfenol-D样品的磁机械耦合系数.将超磁致伸缩材料特性测量实验引入本科实验教学,可以使学生在近代物理实验课程的学习中接触到材料科学研究前沿领域的技术与知识,有助于提高学生的创新意识和创新能力,激发学生的学习兴趣.     

Magnetization,magnetocrystalline anisotropy,magnetostriction and elastic constants of a ruthenium-nickel single crystal

The preparation of a single crystal of Ni:3.3 at.% Ru is described. The thermal variations of its main magnetic properties are given, namely magnetization, magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetostriction. The main feature of this compound is its small anisotropy energy, about 16 times smaller than that of pure nickel. Its elastic properties are identical to those of pure nickel. These data are briefly discussed.     

A structural, magnetostrictive and M(o)ssbauer study of Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe0.9T0.1)1.95 alloys

The effect of ⅢA metal and transition metal T substitution for Fe on crystal structure, magnetostriction and spontaneous magnetostriction, anisotropy and spin reorientation of a series of polycrystalline Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe0.9T0.1)1.95 (T = Mn, Fe, Co, B, Al, Ga) alloys at room temperature were investigated systematically. It was found that the primary phase of the Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe0.9T0.1)1.95 alloys is the MgCu2-type cubic Laves phase structure for different substitution. The magnetostriction λs decrases greatly for the substitution of IIIA metal B, Al and Ga, but is saturated more easily for Al and Ga substitution, showing that the Al and Ga substitution is beneficial to a decrease in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe0.9T0.1)1.95 alloys. However, the substitution of transition metal Mn and Co decreases slightly the magnetostriction λs. It was also found that the effect of different substitutions on the spontaneous magnetostriction λ111 is distinct. The analysis of the Mossbauer spectra indicates that the easy magnetization direction in the {110} plane deviates slightly from the main axis of symmetry for Al and Ga substitution, namely spin reorientation, but it does not change evidently for B, Mn and Co substitution.     

Effects of compressive stress on a steel cube using tensor magnetization and magnetostriction analysis

Measurements of the effects of a compressive stress on magnetization and magnetostriction loops of a cubic sample from a steel pipe are presented. The compressive stress was applied perpendicularly to the magnetic field and, in order to take account of the anisotropy of the sample, measurements were performed in all three orthogonal directions with field applied successively parallel to each direction of the cube edges. This gives rise to 3×3 matrices defining the magnetization and magnetostriction tensors. Analysis of each element of the tensors enabled, firstly, the initial preferential orientation of the magnetic domains due to the texture to be identified and, secondly, permitted us to follow the changes in the bulk easy axis induced when the compressive stress was applied. Valuable information about these changes in the domain arrangements was obtained from analysis of the off-diagonal elements of the magnetization tensor.     

The effect of magnetic field heat treatment on magnetostriction of Terfenol-D 2-2 composites

Based on the analysis of the magnetostriction for Terfenol-D composites, Terfenol-D 2-2 magnetostrictive composites have been prepared with laminations perpendicular to [1 1 2] axes. Then one of the samples was annealed in the vacuum at 423 K for 15 min at the magnetic field of 240 kA/m, which is along the direction of laminations and vertical to the [1 1 2] axes of the specimen. The static magnetostriction λ and dynamic magnetostrictive coefficient d₃₃ of samples were measured under the compressive stress of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 MPa. Effects of the compressive stress and the magnetic field heat treatment on the magnetostriction λ have been investigated. It is found that the magnetostriction of 2-2 composites can be improved under the compressive stress when the magnetic field is larger than 20 kA/m. The magnetostriction of 2-2 composites with the magnetic field heat treatment increases under compressive stress, and it can reach 1390×10⁻⁶ at the magnetic field of 200 kA/m and under the compressive stress of 4 MPa, much larger than the value of 860×10⁻⁶ without the magnetic field heat treatment. The highest magnetostriction of the 2-2 composite with the magnetic field heat treatment can reach 1530×10⁻⁶. The dynamic magnetostrictive coefficient d₃₃ of 2-2 composites with the magnetic field heat treatment have been improved, compared with that without magnetic field heat treatment. The maximum value of d₃₃ of the sample with magnetic field heat treatment is 71% larger than that without magnetic field heat treatment.     

The influence of spatially random magnetostatic,magnetocrystalline, magnetostrictive and exchange fluctuations on the law of approach to ferromagnetic saturation of amorphous ferromagnets

Within the framework of the micromagnetic theory developed by Kronmüller and Ulner we have calculated the influence of spacially random dipolar, magnetocrystalline, magnetostrictive and exchange fluctuations on the law of approach to ferromagnetic saturation of amorphous ferromagnetic materials. The effect of fluctuations of dipolar and exchange interactions turns out to be negligibly small in most materials. The magnetocrystalline and magnetostrictive fluctuations, however, may give rise to a 1/?H-term in the saturation magnetization in materials (such as TbFe₂) with huge local magnetocrystalline fields. In materials with non-vanishing volume averages of the magnetocrystalline energy or the magnetostriction the H-dependence of the saturation magnetization reflects the nature of the strained arrangement of atoms.     

Tuning stress-induced magnetic anisotropy and high frequency properties of FeCo films deposited on different curvature substrates

It is important to control magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic materials. In this work, FeCo thin films are deposited on the curving substrates by electrochemical deposition to adjust the stress-induced magnetic anisotropy. The compressive stress is produced in the as-deposited films after the substrates are flattened. A simplified theoretical model of ferromagnetic resonance is utilized to measure the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy field and saturation magnetization. The results show that the stress-induced magnetic anisotropy and the resonance frequency increase with the increase of substrate curvature. The induced easy axis is perpendicular to the compressive stress direction.     

Magnetic properties of composites of Tb0.28Dy0.72Fe2 and polyvinylidene fluoride

Bi-ferroic particulate composites with Tb_{0.28}Dy_{0.72}Fe_2 (Terfenol-D) particles randomly dispersed in ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride matrix prepared by a simple hot-pressing procedure were investigated. With increasing concentration of Terfenol-D, the magnetic susceptibility, saturation magnetization and initial permeability of the composites increases. The dependence of the effective magnetostriction on applied bias for the composites is similar to that for bulk Terfenol-D, but the effective magnetostriction strongly depends on the volume fraction of Terfenol-D. The observed behaviour of the composite is reasonably described by using effective medium theories.