兰州重离子冷却储存环束流踢轨控制系统

 踢轨系统是一种以快速脉冲方式工作的以高压大电流驱动的特殊二极磁铁系统,用于环形加速器的束流注入和引出。简要介绍了在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环上采用ARM+DSP+FPGA技术实现踢轨控制时序的方法,时间控制精度达ns量级。ARM主要控制信号的网络通讯,踢轨系统的时序精度控制主要由DSP结合FPGA技术完成。远程时序控制信号均通过光纤传输,同时对踢轨电源的电压给定采用信号隔离器及铁氧体以抑制脉冲干扰。经现场测试,系统可以安全稳定地实现束流踢轨的控制要求。     

Preliminary study of residual orbit oscillation in BEPC Ⅱ

BEPCⅡ has two rings each with an injection system.The injection system of each ring consists of two kicker magnets and a septum magnet.The injection layout of two rings is the same.Both two kickers would kick the beam in horizontal plane.The betatron phase advance in the horizontal plane between two kickers is designed exactly 180° in order to reduce the perturbation to the circulating beams during injection.In fact,the residual orbit oscillation will originate because of the existence of a variety of errors.The Librea Electron BPM processor is used to acquire the beam position data in turn-by-turn mode and to analyze the residual orbit oscillation.According to the measurement results,minimization of the residual orbit oscillation can be done by adjusting the peak field strength and trigger timing delay of two kickers.With very small residual orbit oscillation the two beams can keep collision condition during the injection.     

HIRFL新的束流分配系统

随着CSR的建成和兰州重粒子加速系统(HIRFL)实现质子加速,HIRFL现有的束流传输系统已不能满足越来越多的物理实验对供束时间的要求,为此,对原有的HIRFL的束流输运系统进行了分时供束改造,新的束流分配系统可以在给CSR供束和不供束两种情况下,同时使用SFC和SSC的束流在多个实验终端进行物理实验,介绍了新设计的HIRFL束流分配系统的布局和束流光学计算结果.     

Kicker magnet modulator in the 2-GeV Pohang light source

The 2.0-GeV Pohang light source (PLS) is a third-generation synchrotron light source that is the first such facility in Korea and the fifth in the world. The PLS mainly consisted of a full-energy injection linac and a storage ring. Four kicker magnets are installed in the storage ring tunnel to move the stored beam orbit in the storage ring closer to the injected beam from the beam transfer line. The injected beam then falls into the storage ring beam dynamic aperture. A kicker magnet modulator drives all four kicker magnets to maintain field balance and synchronized kick of the beam. Specification of the kicker magnet modulator is ~6.0-μs-full width, 200-ns flattop width with ±0.2% regulation, ~24-kA peak current, and 10-Hz repetition rate. Two thyratron switches (EEV CX-1536AX) are used in the system. As the inverse voltage is dangerous to thyratron operation, a new surge suppression circuit was developed. The kicker modulator has been operated very reliably since its installation in August 1995. In this article, design, simulation, and experimental results of the kicker magnet modulator are discussed. In addition, measurement result of spatial B-field distribution in the kicker magnet and maximum operating range of kicker magnet are discussed     

New Beam Distribution System

With construction of CSR and acceleration of proton at HIRFL, the existing beam handling system can not meet the requirements of nuclear physics experiments for more and more beam time. For this reason, a new beam distribution system based on time is being constructed. The new system not only deliuers beams to the new terminals for reaser-ch program of proton and heavy ion therapies, single particle effects of spaceflight electronics components and irradiration effecs of living things, but also can provide beams for CSR when physics experiments are done on the experimental terminals with the beam from both SFC and SSC. The layout, performance and beam optics calculations of the new distribution system are presented.     

基于EPICS的CSRe束流诊断控制系统升级

兰州重离子加速器(HIRFL)冷却存储环的实验环（CSRe）提供高品质的束流用于高精度的质量测量、原子物理等实验研究,实现束流参数的准确测量是进行物理实验的前提保障。目前,CSRe加速器控制系统已升级为EPICS架构。介绍了基于EPICS的束流诊断控制系统现状,并利用升级后的控制系统测量了束流相关参数。其中,束流位置系统能够测量注入束流的逐圈位置信息,测量结果发现束流在注入过程中存在一定程度的震荡,影响注入效率。流强测量系统通过高分辨的数据采集卡实现对DCCT信号的精确测量,同时增加了D事例触发功能。升级后的控制系统,可以实现束流参数的测量,并集成于加速器控制系统的EPICS CSS界面。     

环形正负电子对撞机注入引出分布参数型冲击磁铁设计

环形正负电子对撞机（CEPC）是一台周长100 km,最高能量为120 GeV的双环对撞机。为了满足不同能量粒子从增强器注入到对撞环,针对W和Z能量模式设计了对撞环离轴注入系统,用于实现束流的累积。为了提高注入效率,兼容不同注入能量,不同束流填充模式,同时尽可能减少注入过程中冲击磁铁对其它束团的扰动,要求对撞环离轴注入冲击磁铁系统是一个上升时间和下降时间小于200 ns,脉冲底宽调节范围为440～2420 ns的梯形波脉冲放电系统。和常见的集中参数型冲击磁铁相比,分布参数型冲击磁铁具有更优越的动态响应特性,适合产生一个前沿更加陡峭、波形更为理想的梯形波脉冲。根据CEPC的束流注入物理需求,完成了一台分布参数型冲击磁铁的物理设计和结构设计,并采用了PSpice和Opera程序进行模拟仿真。设计结果表明：冲击磁铁由26级LC单元结构叠装而成,磁铁总长为1018 mm,磁有效长度为942 mm;在[-20,20] mm磁铁孔径内,磁场强度为0.042 1 T,磁场均匀性优于±0.2%;冲击磁铁系统总上升时间（10%～90%）为193 ns,下降时间（90%～10%）为191 ns。理论分析、...     

实验环Betatron振荡随机冷却的模拟

随机冷却是一种基于带宽反馈系统对束流振荡进行衰减的冷却方法,更适合冷却较大发射度和动量分散的次级粒子束,与电子冷却互补,可以得到更高品质的束流。兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL) 目前处于冷却存储环的实验环随机冷却系统的设计和建造阶段。通过对横向Betatron 振荡的模拟,得到了提高系统带宽、增加探测器(Pick-up) 和冲击器(Kicker) 的个数、降低系统噪声温度等对缩短冷却时间和减小冷却平衡值的重要作用。同时,分析了较大的动量分散或较大的放大器增益对Betatron 振荡冷却过程产生的加热现象。Stochastic cooling, based on a feedback system, aims at damping the oscillation of particles. Stochastic cooling is more suitable to cool secondary beam with larger size and momentum spread, and it is therefore can be complemented with electron cooling, in order to obtain beam of higher quality. Stochastic cooling system is being designed and constructed on the experimental Cooling Storage Ring of HIRFL. By simulation of Betatron stochastic cooling, it is obtained that the importance for shortening the cooling time and reducing cooling equilibrium by improving bandwidth, increasing the numbers of pickup and kicker, and decreasing the system noises. Meanwhile, the heating during the cooling process caused by larger momentum spread or larger gain of amplifier is analyzed.     

HLSⅡ新的注入器束流强度测量系统

合肥光源升级改造任务已基本完成,注入器实现满能量注入。为适应新的注入器束流强度的测量需求,设计了新的注入器束流强度测量系统,该系统利用安装在真空腔上的3个快速束流变压器(FCT)和2个积分束流变压器(ICT),能够实现束流流强和电荷量的非拦截实时测量。为了准确获取束流参数,首先对束流变压器(CT)传输电缆进行了在线和离线标定;由于ICT输出信号信号幅度较小,噪声大,设计了低噪声前置放大器以改善信噪比;考虑低频谐波噪声和Kicker噪声的干扰,软件中通过适当的算法对噪声进行了处理;最后给出了部分在线实验结果。实验结果表明,束流传输效率约为27.4%,注入效率约为44.3%。     

HIRFL改造中的加速器物理问题

从加速器运行的角度对兰州重离子加速器 HIRFL建成以来所存在的问题进行了总结 ,结合放射束物理和冷却储存环 CSR对 HIRFL的新要求 ,从加速器的物理设计方面提出了一些改进方案 .主要问题有 :超低能束流传输的空间电荷效应的影响 ,扇聚焦回旋加速器 SFC高频加速电压不对称对束流轨道的影响 ,用半频聚束的方式补偿两台回旋加速器的纵向不匹配 ,前束线上聚束器的工作模式的选取 ,强杂散磁场对超低能和低能束流传输的影响 ,分离扇回旋加速器 SSC注入区过垫补磁场对注入束流轨道的影响 ,SFC和 SSC的单圈引出 ,重离子通过剥离膜后的束流损失和束流品质的变坏等.From the viewpoints of the HIRFL operation and the new requirements to HIRFL by the study of radioactive beam physics and CSR project, the HIRFL upgrading program has been proposed after studying the existing problems found during the operation and new problems when increasing the beam intensιty and ion variety. The accelerator physics problems of the upgrading program were discussed here, which include the space charge effect on the very low energy beam line...     

HIRFL改造中的加速器物理问题

从加速器运行的角度对兰州重离子加速器 HIRFL建成以来所存在的问题进行了总结 ,结合放射束物理和冷却储存环 CSR对 HIRFL的新要求 ,从加速器的物理设计方面提出了一些改进方案 .主要问题有 :超低能束流传输的空间电荷效应的影响 ,扇聚焦回旋加速器 SFC高频加速电压不对称对束流轨道的影响 ,用半频聚束的方式补偿两台回旋加速器的纵向不匹配 ,前束线上聚束器的工作模式的选取 ,强杂散磁场对超低能和低能束流传输的影响 ,分离扇回旋加速器 SSC注入区过垫补磁场对注入束流轨道的影响 ,SFC和 SSC的单圈引出 ,重离子通过剥离膜后的束流损失和束流品质的变坏等.From the viewpoints of the HIRFL operation and the new requirements to HIRFL by the study of radioactive beam physics and CSR project, the HIRFL upgrading program has been proposed after studying the existing problems found during the operation and new problems when increasing the beam intensιty and ion variety. The accelerator physics problems of the upgrading program were discussed here, which include the space charge effect on the very low energy beam line...     

The future of the cern ad infrastructures in the context of elena machine design and integration

ELENA will lower the energy of AD antiprotons from 5MeV to 100keV, thus increasing by a factor of up to 100 the number of antiprotons usable by the experiments (Oelert et al. 2014). The AD infrastructures must be adapted to cope with another 20 years of low energy antiproton physics. To fit the ELENA ring in the already crowded AD hall, old kicker generators must be relocated to a new technical building, existing and new services and racks must be re-arranged also at height, preserving access and maintenance capabilities. The ELENA beam will be delivered to existing experiments via new transfer lines without compromising the possibility to maintain a visitors path to this very popular place at CERN. New experimental areas being designed to house new experiments (GBAR, BASE), and re-arrangement for future experiments (cleaning rooms relocation in the new technical building, control rooms in a separate building with a cafeteria and a conference room) are also detailed.     

HLS-Ⅱ储存环工作点测量系统的开发（英）

介绍了在合肥光源重大维修改造工程期间,开发的一套基于扫频激励法的工作点测量系统。测量系统硬件包括基于条带BPM的信号拾取电极、前端信号调理模块、一台带跟踪输出的信号分析仪N9000AEP、功率放大器以及用于激励束流的条带激励器。系统控制软件采用EPICS开发,基于EPICS Stream Device设计的输入输出控制器(soft IOC)运行在服务器虚拟机中,通过VXI11协议进行通信实现对信号分析仪的控制和数据获取;用户操作界面采用EPICS平台下的EDM开发,通过Channel Access与IOC通信。在HLS-II储存环上对工作点测量系统进行了在线的调试。调试结果说明,在扫频范围为2.1 MHz到4.1 MHz时,工作点测量系统的统计分辨率在水平方向上好于0.000 3,在垂直方向上好于0.000 2。     

强流重离子加速器装置的增强器慢引出系统

中国科学院近代物理研究所承担的强流重离子加速器装置目前已进入了初步设计阶段。增强器作为该装置的主加速器,可利用双向涂抹技术将238U35+束的粒子数累积至1.0×1011,并将其从注入能量为17 MeV/u加速至高能量,引出能量的范围为200-835 MeV/u。为了提供s量级的准连续束以开展辐照实验,增强器中设计了慢引出系统,该系统将采用三分之一共振与RF-knockout的引出方法。同步加速器中有两种不同种类的六极磁铁,用于实现色品校正与共振驱动,并在设计中考虑了两者能同时运行并互不影响。针对增强器中不同引出能量的238U35+束,对其相应的稳定接受度模拟结果进行了比较,并给出了在引出静电偏转板处的光学匹配参数,这将为增强器中重离子束的慢引出及放射性次级束流分离器的入口光学设计提供重要的理论依据。     

HIRFL中的束流纵向运动

 对兰州重离子加速器的两台等时性回旋加速器中的束流纵向运动作了简单分析,主要介绍两条束运线上的几台聚束器的物理设计。超低能束运线SFC轴向注入线上的两台聚束器采用了线性聚束器,并提出了用半频聚束来提高两台回旋加速器的纵向匹配效率的新方法。低能束运线(BL1)上的聚束器采用多工作模式以解决加速粒子和能量范围宽的问题。     

300MeV质子同步加速器概念设计优化（英文）

目前处于设计阶段的哈尔滨工业大学空间辐照效应装置,其核心部件是由1台10 MeV的注入器、1台300MeV的同步加速器以及输运线构成的加速器装置。同步加速器中引出的质子束流被用于辐照研究。基于装置的概念设计,优化了其同步加速器部分的设计。设计了新的磁聚焦结构,优化了基于新的磁聚焦结构的多圈注入系统的凸轨变化模式,提高了注入效率。为了更好地优化引出束流的时间结构,慢引出系统采用了RF knock-out的方法。为了满足精准辐照的要求,研究了RF Kicker的频率调制,发现RF Kicker的双频调制能使得引出束流更均匀。A research complex for aerospace radiation effects research is in the designing stage in Harbin Institute of Technology. Its core part is a proton accelerator complex, which consists of a 10 MeV injector, a 300 MeV synchrotron and beam transport lines. The proton beam extracted from the synchrotron is utilized for the radiation effects research. Based on the conceptual design, the design study for optimizing the synchrotron has been done. A new lattice design was worked out, and the decreasing pattern of the bump of the multi-turn injection system was optimized to increase the injection efficiency. In order to improve the time structure of the extracted beam, a RF knock-out method is employed in the slow extraction system. To meet the requirement of accurate control of dose, the frequency modulation of the RF kicker is well investigated, and the dual frequency modulation has been found to have a better performance for a uniform spill.     

MSC1210电源控制器的程序优化

为了解决兰州重离子研究装置( HIRFL ) 电源控制系统中的MSC1210 控制模块在调束过程中出现的各种故障,对其主芯片程序进行了优化设计。首先介绍了控制器的各种故障现象,分析了形成原因,然后制定了详细的设计方案,最后采用了以状态机为基础的指令接收过程、带校验机制的通信方式及远程指令复位等方法进行程序优化。实验室测试和现场使用结果表明,优化后的控制器运行稳定可靠,满足加速器的需求。The MSC1210 control module is one of the most important power supply controllers of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou ( HIRFL ), but there are several problems during beam tuning. In order to deal with the problems,the main chip’s program was redesigned. In this paper we introduced the controller’s fault phenomena, and analyzed the reasons; then scheduled the optimized program in detail. Several methods were employed to improve the system performance, including instruction receiving process which is based on state machine, the communication mode with parity mechanism, and the remote instruction reset method. Both laboratory and commissioning tests indicate that the optimized controller is stable and reliable, and meet the operation requirement of HIRFL.     

SFC的新的轴向注入束流线

为了满足HIRFL-CSR对注入器SFC的束流强度和品种的越来越高的要求, 兰州重离子加速器国家实验室在研制超导ECR离子源的同时, 设计了一个新的SFC的轴向注入束流线. 这个系统可以分别使用现有的常规ECR离子源和新建造的超导ECR离子源, 期望把从C到U的各种离子的能量和束流强度提高到一个新的水平. 这个系统由二极磁铁, 四极透镜, GLASSER透镜, 螺线管, 螺旋形静电偏转器和两台丝网型线性聚束器组成. 在总结现有系统运行经验的基础上,无论在横向还是纵向, 其性能结构都做了必要的改进. 文章给出了新系统的设计思想, 系统的布局结构和束流光学计算结果, 并对进一步提高聚束效率和聚束器的改进设计作了简要的描述. 目前, 系统正在安装中.     

Development of tools for real-time betatron tune measurements at the Nuclotron

A betatron tune measurement system was developed and tested at the Nuclotron. A white noise and chirp signals were used for transverse beam motion excitation. A custom FlexRIO digitizer module was developed which provides excitation signal generation for kicker electrodes and real-time signal acquisition from pickup electrodes. A high resolution FFT algorithm was implemented inside a NI PXI FPGA module, connected to digitizer. The measurement system is integrated with the NICA control system based on the TANGO Controls. Results and tests performed with the Nuclotron beam are presented.     

圆形加速器的注入和引出技术

圆形加速器中的注入引出通常是关键性的系统, 它们在从一个加速阶段到另一个加速阶段或从加速器到实验系统的束流传输中起到重要作用. 注入引出区通常也是发生较大束流损失的地方. 受制