光阑对非线性折射光限幅效果影响的理论研究

分析和计算了光阑在两种典型光路系统的光限幅中对限幅效果的影响,包括光阑的大小和位置.两种典型系统分别为理想望远系统和理想聚焦系统.计算模型基于Z扫描理论及其改进公式,限幅机理为非线性折射.对每种情况下光阑的影响进行了定性分析和计算,并取得了相应的理论曲线.研究结果对于光限幅结构中光阑的选取和优化有重要的参考意义.     

Emergent biaxiality in nematic microflows illuminated by a laser beam

Anisotropic fluids (e.g. liquid crystals) offer a remarkable promise as optofluidic materials owing to the directional, tunable, and coupled interactions between the material, flow, and the optical fields. Here we present a comprehensive in silico treatment of this anisotropic interaction by performing nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We quantify the response of a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) undergoing a Poiseuille flow in the Stokes regime, while being illuminated by a laser beam incident perpendicular to the flow direction. We adopt a minimalistic model to capture the interactions, accounting for two features: first, the laser heats up the NLC locally; and second, the laser polarises the NLC and exerts an optical torque that tends to reorient molecules of the nematic phase. Because of this reorientation the liquid crystal exhibits small regions of biaxiality, where the nematic director is one symmetry axis and the axis of rotation for the reorientation of the molecules is the other one. We find that the relative strength of the viscous and the optical torques mediates the flow-induced response of the biaxial regions, thereby tuning the emergence, shape and location of the regions of enhanced biaxiality. The mechanistic framework presented here promises experimentally tractable routes toward novel optofluidic applications based on material-flow-light interactions.     

阶梯型纳米孔径的近场光学局域增强特性研究

提出一种高分辨力与高通光效率兼备的阶梯型纳米孔径设计方法 ,孔径的尺寸从膜层的入射表面向出射表面呈阶梯型逐渐减小 ,直到在膜层的出射表面形成一个亚波长的小孔。采用三维时域有限差分 (FDTD)方法对方形阶梯型纳米孔径及三角形阶梯型纳米孔径进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明 ,由于近场光学很强的局域场增强效应 ,其通光效率与输出光强极大值在具有相同近场光斑尺寸情况下 ,较普通的非阶梯型纳米孔径提高了两个数量级 ,甚至更高 ,有效地提高了输出光功率。采用四台阶三角形阶梯型纳米孔径 ,当光斑半峰全宽为 97nm× 74nm时 ,出射光强极大值达到 10 4 9.76 ,较入射光增强了 10 0 0倍 ,而通光效率大于 1,达到 1.6 7。这种阶梯型纳米孔径可以直接作为纳米孔径激光器的出射孔径提高其输出光功率 ,也可以作为独立的光学屏对入射光进行整形得到具有高输出功率的亚波长尺度光源 ,在纳米尺度光学成像、光谱探测、数据存储、光刻、光学操作等近场光学应用领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

基于波像差函数建立大口径施密特校正板方程

施密特光学系统由施密特校正板和球面反射镜组成,校正板设置在球面反射镜的球心处,系统的焦点不一定和反射镜的焦点重合。为了得到精确的校正板面形初始结构参数,基于波像差函数建立了带有离焦量的大口径施密特校正板的数学模型,同时校正了系统的三级和五级球差。利用光学设计软件对校正板口径为1000mm、主镜的曲率半径为2000mm、F数为1的系统进行了设计和分析,来验证校正板面形数学模型的正确性。结果显示此校正板的数学模型与优化后结果吻合得较好,校正板面形初始结构参数的精度得到了极大的提高,这为大口径、大相对孔径的施密特光学系统的设计提供了理论基础。     

Optofluidic variable aperture

A variable aperture has been fabricated and demonstrated using polydimethylsiloxane-based optofluidic technology. The device consists of a deformable membrane, an air pressure chamber, a cavity filled with light-absorbing liquid, and a rigid transparent upper plate. The working principle of the device is based on the deformable capability of the thin membrane structure and its resultant contact with the rigid plate. The contact area can be easily controlled by varying the air volume introduced and hence can serve as a light transmission aperture. Experimental results show that aperture diameter can be continuously changed from zero to 6.35 mm.     

Optical transmission enhancement by a sub-wavelength film lens

A new sub-wavelength metallic film lens configuration is proposed, which is embedded in a thin ideal metal film, and its near field optical properties are investigated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)method. It is found that the optical transmission is greatly enhanced, and the spot size can be reduced by the sub-wavelength metallic film lens in comparison with the bare aperture. This kind of lens is expected to have practical applications in the very small aperture laser (VSAL), a promising nanosource for near-field optical storage and lithography.     

Holographic optical elements as scanning lidar telescopes

We have developed and investigated the use of holographic optical elements (HOEs) and holographic transmission gratings for scanning lidar telescopes. Rotating a flat HOE in its own plane with the focal spot on the rotation axis makes a very simple and compact conical scanning telescope. We developed transmission and reflection HOEs for use at the first three harmonic wavelengths of Nd:YAG lasers. The diffraction efficiency, diffraction angle, focal length, focal spot size and optical losses were measured for several HOEs and holographic gratings, and found to be suitable for use as lidar receiver telescopes, and in many cases could also serve as the final collimating and beam steering optic for the laser transmitter. Two lidar systems based on this technology have been designed, built, and successfully tested in atmospheric science applications. This technology will enable future spaceborne lidar missions by significantly lowering the size, weight, power requirement and cost of a large aperture, narrow field of view scanning telescope.     

DNA transport and delivery in thermal gradients near optofluidic resonators

Heat generation and its impact on DNA transport in the vicinity of an optofluidic silicon photonic crystal resonator are studied theoretically and experimentally. The temperature rise is measured to be as high as 57 K for 10 mW of input power. The resulting optical trapping and biomolecular sensing properties of these devices are shown to be strongly affected by the combination of buoyancy driven flow and thermophoresis. Specifically, the region around the electromagnetic hot spot is depleted in biomolecules because of a high free energy barrier.     

Optical losses in dielectric apertured terahertz VCSEL

The resonant wavelength and mode radius of the fundamental modes supported by an oxide apertured terahertz vertical surface emitting laser are determined from Gaussian resonant theory and scalar variational method. The reflectivity of the Bragg mirror is calculated for the lowest modes and it decreases as the aperture size decreases. The aperture radius, thickness, and axial position in the cavity are shown to be an important factor for high efficiency vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and single mode operation. When the aperture size is much larger than the emitting wavelength, the optical loss is negligible. However, the optical loss strongly depends on the aperture size and thickness when aperture size is similar to or smaller than emitting wavelength.     

基于微流控光学可调谐的渐变折射率特性研究

本文基于层流液体的对流扩散效应,提出了一种新型的具有渐变折射率分布特性并且可以实现调节的微腔流体透镜.利用有限元法分析微腔中芯层与包层流体在对流扩散过程达到稳定后的浓度分度,即混合流体的折射率分布,结果表明,分别调节芯层与包层流体的流速,微腔中的流体可以实现不同的渐变折射率分布.同时,本文还分析了即使考虑腔壁与流体之间的黏滞阻力因素,芯层与包层流体的流速组合依然是混合流体折射率分布的决定因素.应用微腔流体透镜的这种调节效果,可以实现不同要求的光束聚焦、分束、偏转等功能,在微流控光学检测系统以及微成像系统中有重要的应用.     

Observation of photoacoustic/photothermal effect with a liquid-core optical ring resonator

Photothermal/photoacoustic(PT/PA) spectroscopy provides useful knowledge about optical absorption, as well as the thermal and acoustical properties of a liquid sample. For microfluidic biosensing and bioanalysis where an extremely small volume of liquid sample is encapsulated, simultaneous PT/PA detection remains a challenge. In this work, we present a new optofluidic device based on a liquid-core optical ring resonator(LCORR) for the investigation of PT and PA effects in fluid samples. A focused 532 nm pulsed light optically heats the absorptive fluid in a capillary to locally create a transient temperature rise, as well as acoustic waves. A1550 nm CW laser light is quadrature-locked to detect the resonance spectrum shift of the LCORR and study thermal diffusion and acoustic wave propagation in the capillary. This modality provides an optofluidic investigative platform for biological/biochemical sensing and spectroscopy.     

子孔径布局对拼接光学系统像质的影响

 由衍射理论模型出发,分析了子孔径布局对光学系统点扩散函数的影响,从而进行傅里叶变换计算出其对光学系统光学传递函数的影响|并由光学设计软件内嵌程序将子孔径布局实际地加入到设计的光学系统中,分析各种不同子孔径布局对光学系统像质的影响.通过由衍射理论出发的计算结果与设计软件内嵌程序的模拟仿真结果的对比,软件内嵌程序的模拟仿真结果得以验证.针对子孔径布局对具有相同相对孔径光学系统的影响进行了仿真计算,对与子孔径拼接原理样机具有相同相对孔径和中心遮拦比的反射式光学系统,针对相同孔径布局对其光学传递函数的影响进行了实际测试,通过仿真计算结果与测试结果的对比分析表明,孔径布局对具有相同相对孔径拼接光学系统的光学传递函数影响趋势一致的结论,从而为子孔径拼接原理样机研究的实用性及像质检测提供了理论依据.     

近场光学虚拟光探针的数值分析

虚拟光探针是基于近场光学隐失场干涉原理产生的一种非实体探针，可以应用于近场光学超高密度存储、纳米光刻、近场光学成像、光谱探测、纳米样品的近场光学操作等领域。本研究采用三维时间域有限差分（FDTD）方法对近场光学虚拟光探针的光场分布特性进行了数值模拟计算和比较，分析了孔的形状、大小及偏振态等因素对虚拟光探针光场分布的影响，研究结果表明虚拟光探针的通光效率较普通的纳米孔径光纤探针提高10^2-10^4倍；其光场分布的中间峰的半峰全宽（即虚拟光探针的尺寸）在一定距离范围内基本保持不变，从而可以解决近场光学系统中纳米间距控制的难题，避免光学头与介质的磁撞。优化虚拟光探针的设计参量能有效的抑制虚拟光探针中的旁瓣。文章还给出了应用虚拟探针实现高密度光存储的原理方案。     

光学稀疏孔径系统的成像及其评价方法

对典型阵列结构的光学稀疏孔径系统成像特性进行了数值仿真分析,并采用基于光学实验测量的调制传递函数（MTF）完成了光学稀疏孔径系统成像实验的图像复原处理.针对复杂目标成像,为了评价光学稀疏孔径系统最终成像的整体质量,不仅考虑系统的调制传递函数指标,还提出了一种基于相关系数的成像质量客观评价方法.数值仿真结果和光学实验结果均表明,基于相关系数的成像质量客观评价方法是可行的,实验说明光学稀疏孔径系统成像质量可以达到其等效单个大孔径成像系统的成像效果.     

基于PIV评价的光瞳超分辨理论与技术

随着成像探测技术的发展，对光学系统的分辨能力提出了更高的要求，用传统的光学理论需增大光学系统口径才能满足要求，在对尺寸，重量和价格有限制的实际系统中往往很难实现。基于瑞利判据作为ＰＩＶ指标的光瞳超分辨技术，可以在不增加光学系统口径的条件下提高系统分辨率，由于本技术可以用光瞳滤波器的形式以硬件实现，成像探测过程不必增加额外的工作时间，在理论分析的基础上，设计了实际的超分辨光瞳，并给出了计算机模拟和实     

光学合成孔径成像技术及发展现状

基于干涉成像理论介绍了合成孔径成像技术原理。分别从成像过程、成像特性、视场大小、适用范围等方面对迈克尔逊型和菲索型两种合成孔径成像系统做了对比,重点介绍了这两种类型合成孔径望远镜在地基系统和天基系统上的应用、发展现状及发展趋势,指出迈克尔逊型合成孔径望远镜将会向着长基线、复杂基线结构的方向发展,而菲索型合成孔径望远镜则会向着复杂孔径排列结构的方向发展,以组成等效孔径为其子孔径几倍甚至几十倍的系统。与传统光学系统相比,合成孔径系统具有分辨力高、镜面加工难度小、易折叠、重量轻等特点,是实现高分辨力光学成像的一种有效途径,幸运成像、分布发射与在轨装配、无支撑薄膜望远镜等各种新技术都可以引用到合成孔径技术中来。     

基于EWOD的微流控透镜变焦特性分析

随着光学技术的蓬勃发展,传统的固体光学器件难以满足日益增加的微型化、集成化、可调化的现代光学技术发展的需要,新兴的微流控光学器件则为这一需要提供了可能。基于介质上电润湿(EWOD)的液体变焦透镜就是一种微流控光学器件。介绍了该种透镜的几个基本结构和变焦原理,着重推导计算了外加电压与液体透镜曲率半径、焦距的变化关系,分析了其变焦特性,提出了相应消像差方案。     

Reduction of speckle in an image by a moving aperture - second order statistics

In an earlier paper the second-order statistics of time-averaged speckle were investigated for the case of speckle formed in the Fraunhofer plane when an aperture was moved over the surface of a uniformly illuminated diffuse object. In this paper it is the intention to substantiate a claim that was made in that paper that the same treatment will also apply to time-averaged speckle in an image plane when an aperture is moved in the pupil plane of the imaging lens. The optical system is allowed to have aberrations of any degree of severity, and the object is allowed to have non-uniform brightness, subject to the condition that the brightness variations are slow in comparison to the size of the (aberrated) point spread function. The treatment makes use of the usual assumption that a very large number of independent scattering points in the object contributes to any one point in the image: for this assumption to be realistic, however, it will be shown that the point spread function of the lens must be of a size that restricts us either to systems where the numerical aperture in object space is low or, alternatively, to systems where the aberrations are severe.     

点衍射干涉系统光学结构参数优化研究

采用时域有限差分方法,在分析点衍射波前误差的前提下,讨论了点衍射干涉系统中物镜数值孔径、针孔尺寸、检测的数值孔径对衍射光强的影响;逐步优化光学结构参数,得到不同光学结构参数之间的匹配数值表;通过比较点衍射干涉系统和Zygo干涉仪对球面镜的测量结果,得到测量面形误差的均方根之差为波长的1/1000,且获得的干涉条纹具有合适的对比度和亮度,验证了光学结构参数选择的合理性。     

基于亚微米尺度干涉阵列的超小型高分辨光谱仪(英文)

We present an ultra compact and high resolution free space optical spectrometer and demonstrate it by using FDTD simulations. The miniature interferometer-based speetrometer is a series of submicron phase objects on a polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA） film with a CCD as the detector. The speetrum is obtained by solving a system of simultaneous linear equations. The Tikhonov regularization method is used to achieve a resolution at the picometer level. Compared with conventional speetrometers, the proposed device is low-cost and easy to fabricate due to its simple structure. Furthermore, its compact feature renders the device ideal for miniaturization and integration as the systems in microfluidics architectures and lab-on-chip designs.