远程制备双原子纠缠态

提出一种远程制备双原子纠缠态的方案,该方案基于两个原子与单模腔场的同时非共振相互作用.由于双粒子纠缠态比三粒子纠缠态容易制备,方案用两对双原子纠缠态作为量子通道.Alice 拥有的两个相同原子同时与一单模腔场非共振相互作用.Alice已知她要制备的纠缠态,她选择适当的相互作用时间、测量她所拥有的两个原子并通过经典通道通知Bob.Bob引入一个相同的辅助原子和一个单模腔场来实现方案.方案对腔场状态和腔损耗不敏感,基于当前的腔QED 技术,方案能在实验上实现.该方案有望在量子信息过程中有重要的应用价值.     

受限体相分子的超快微观结构动力学

利用飞秒二维红外光谱实验手段,我们比较研究了两个典型的微乳液体系,即反胶束和双连续相体系,二者的微观超快结构动力学。以六氰基亚铁酸钾[K_4Fe(CN)_6]和六羰基钨[W(CO)_6]分别为水相和油相(异辛烷)的探针分子,在AOT作为表面活性剂所形成的反胶束和双连续相体系中,受限水相和受限油相各自表现出了不同的分子微观结构动力学性质。此外,我们还在分子水平上解释了为什么双连续相体系比反胶束体系具有更好的导电性能。     

酞菁镍复合凝胶材料的制备及谱学研究

采用Sol gel湿化学工艺将水溶性的四磺化酞菁镍 (NiTSPc)均匀掺入SiO2 凝胶基质。考察SiO2 凝胶基质在溶胶 凝胶的转化过程中组织结构和粘度变化的相关规律及最终所获干凝胶孔结构的特征。对NiT SPc在此过程中电子吸收光谱的变化进行了系统的跟踪研究以考察其在溶胶 凝胶体系中的二聚行为 ,并结合复合体系微化学环境的改变对其进行了自洽解释。     

不同溶胶体系对纳米氧化锌发光特性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备ZnO纳米粉体,研究了两种不同溶剂下制备的纳米ZnO的荧光特性。结果表明两种氧化锌有相同的晶型和能带结构,其紫外发光相似,但其带间的可见发射表现出了巨大差异,其原因在于两溶剂的极性不同导致两体系凝胶、烧结的微过程不同,从而使两ZnO样品的表面态结构和布局发生变化。     

三种脉冲序列制备核自旋单重态效率的比较

核自旋单重态的制备和检测在化合物分子的相关分析中具有重要的应用价值和广阔的应用前景.本文以三肽分子AGG（Ala-Gly-Gly）中两个质子构成的一组孤立的自旋耦合体系为研究对象,利用三组基于不同原理的脉冲序列,分别对该体系制备了核自旋单重态;并分别测定和比较了三种方法制备核自旋单重态的效率及其寿命.研究结果表明,对于同一分子的同一自旋耦合体系中的质子,使用不同的脉冲序列制备得到的核自旋单重态的寿命并不会有明显差异,但基于不同脉冲制备核自旋单重态的效率差异相对较大.     

在多能级∧系统中运用“部分受激拉曼绝热通道”制备相干叠加态(英文)

我们给出了在A型五能级系统中制备| 3态和| 5态的连续叠加态的方法,这种方法是部分受激拉曼绝热通道的扩充。但是它又不同于部分受激拉曼绝热通道,我们设计了新的斯托克斯脉冲和相应的泵浦脉冲。进而应用数值方法讨论了脉冲驰豫时间和失谐量对该方法的影响.数值结果表明要制备任意的叠加态要满足双光子共振.这种方法可以推广到多能级A系统中制备任意两个下面能级的叠加态.     

不同溶胶体系对纳米氧化锌发光特性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备ZnO纳米粉体,研究了两种不同溶剂下制备的纳米ZnO的荧光特性。实验结果表明两种氧化锌样品有相同的晶型和能带结构,其紫外发光相似,但其带间的可见发射表现出了巨大差异,其原因在于两溶剂的极性不同导致两体系凝胶、烧结的微过程不同,从而使两种ZnO样品的表面态结构和布局发生变化。     

一种可直接使用的磁性光热纳米流体

本文通过"两步法"制备了一种具有高光热转换效率的Fe304-H20磁性纳米流体。该纳米流体可以通过磁分离技术实现纳米颗粒与基液的分离,使得纳米流体基液得以直接使用,同时具有优异的可重复利用性能。实验结果表明,在1200 s内其光热转化效率高达70.2%,并且经过60次的循环使用后无明显的衰减。此研究结果为实现纳米流体基液的直接应用提供了可行性的方案。     

诱惑态在“双探测器”准单光子光源量子密钥分发系统中的应用

现在诱惑态已被证明是一种可以大大提高量子密钥分发安全性能的现实可行的方法.由于考虑到现实应用中激光器在调制过程中的消光比不能做到100%,以及激光器固有的自发辐射因而使得制备真空态并不是一件容易的事情. 因此本文将对理想情况下准单光子光源量子密钥分发系统应用中的诱惑态结论作了补充和扩展,提出了两个弱光强态的诱惑态方案和一个弱光强诱惑态方案.最后,将“双探测器”的理论应用在准单光子源(HSPS)光源系统中,使系统的安全传输距离可达到2215km,比使用普通探测器的系统增加了约50km. 关键词： 量子密钥分发 诱惑态 HSPS光源 双探测器     

Patchy胶体粒子的结晶、玻璃化和凝胶化问题

本文探讨了中性多缔合位点Patchy胶体粒子系统的相图及其相关问题. 在研究中,计入了分子间的硬芯Lennard-Jones势和缔合作用,进而阐明了系统的流体相(F),无规密积相(RCP)和面心立方相(FCC)之间转变的相态结构. 在体系丰富的相结构中,F-F,F-RCP及F-FCC相转变以及描述粒子间联结性的溶胶-凝胶转变相互影响,致使一些相态在不同相互作用强度时可以呈现亚稳态和稳态. 同时,本文重点阐述了缔合能量以及patch数目对体系的临界温度、临界密度、临界三相点以及溶胶-凝胶转变等的调控机制.     

Phase separation in a chaotic flow

The phase separation between two immiscible liquids advected by a bidimensional velocity field is investigated numerically by solving the corresponding Cahn-Hilliard equation. We study how the spinodal decomposition process depends on the presence-or absence-of Lagrangian chaos. A fully chaotic flow, in particular, limits the growth of domains, and for unequal volume fractions of the liquids, a characteristic exponential distribution of droplet sizes is obtained. The limiting domain size results from a balance between chaotic mixing and spinodal decomposition, measured in terms of Lyapunov exponent and diffusivity constant, respectively.     

Reversible phase transition of colloids in a binary liquid solvent

We report fluid-fluid and fluid-solid phase transitions of charge-stabilized polystyrene particles suspended in a binary liquid mixture of 3-methylpyridine and water. These thermally reversible phase transitions occur in the homogeneous phase of the binary liquid mixture below the coexistence temperature of the two liquids. Close density matching of the particles and the solvent allows us to follow the phase behavior until complete coexistence of macroscopic phases with temperature as the control parameter. We use small angle x-ray scattering to characterize these phases as colloidal gas, liquid, fcc crystal, and glass.     

有限尺寸胶体体系的二维结晶

从工业上的大尺寸晶体生长到实验室中受限小体系的结晶,结晶是普遍存在的物理现象,也一直是物理学中的重要研究课题.与大尺度结晶相变的研究相比,对于有限小尺度体系结晶过程的研究相对较少.本文通过设计具有吸引相互作用的胶体体系,在实验上研究了有限小尺寸胶体体系的二维结晶相变.通过计算和分析径向分布函数、泰森多边形以及取向序参量,发现有限小尺寸体系的结晶过程是从中央高密度区域开始,随着结晶的进行,周围液相减小而晶相增加,最后完全转变为晶态的过程.体系结晶速率呈现两个阶段:在结晶初期中央区域是高密度的亚稳态液体,会降低结晶自由能能垒,使得体系快速结晶;随后晶相长大,亚稳态液体消失,体系结晶速率变慢.此外,通过统计有序度参量的分布发现:在结晶过程中,序参量出现双峰分布,分别对应液相和晶相,与大尺度胶体体系的二维结晶行为一致,说明序参量分布的变化规律是二维结晶相变的重要特征.     

Computational materials design of filled tetrahedral compound magnetic semiconductors

Based on first-principles calculations within the density functional theory, materials design of filled tetrahedral compound magnetic semiconductors is proposed. By using the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent potential approximation, electronic structures of Mn-doped LiZnAs, LiZnP and LiZnN are calculated. First, by estimating free energy, phase diagrams of these systems are predicted. It is shown that these systems are phase separating systems and favor spinodal decomposition. However, by introducing Li vacancies, spinodal decomposition is strongly suppressed and Mn can be doped up to high concentration. Moreover, the introduced Li vacancies induce ferromagnetic interaction between Mn and thus we can expect high Curie temperature (T_C) in these systems. To see the chemical trend, electronic structure and T_C of Li(Zn, Cr)As are also calculated.     

Computer simulations of structure, dynamics, and phase behavior of colloidal fluids in confined geometry and under shear

Using computer simulations, colloidal systems in different external fields are investigated. Colloid-polymer mixtures, described in terms of the Asakura-Oosawa (AO) model, are considered under strong confinement. Both in cylindrical and spherical confinement, the demixing transition of the three-dimensional AO model is rounded and, using Monte Carlo simulations, we analyze in detail the consequences of this rounding (occurrence of multi-domain states in cylindrical geometry, non-equivalence of conjugate ensembles due to different finite-size corrections in spherical geometry etc.). For the case of the AO model confined between two parallel walls, spinodal decomposition is studied using a combination of molecular dynamics simulation and the multiparticle collision dynamics method. This allows us to investigate the influence of hydrodynamic interactions on the domain growth during spinodal decomposition. For a binary glass-forming Yukawa mixture, non-linear active micro-rheology is considered, i.e. a single particle is pulled through a deeply supercooled liquid. The diffusion dynamics of the pulled particle is analyzed in terms of the van Hove correlation function. Finally, the Yukawa mixture in the glass state, confined between walls, is studied under the imposition of a uniform shear stress. Below and around the yield stress, persistent creep in the form of shear-banded structures is observed.     

From colloidal aggregation to spinodal decomposition in sticky emulsions

Aggregation mechanisms of emulsions at high initial volume fractions () is studied using light scattering. We use emulsion droplets which can be made unstable towards aggregation by a temperature quench. For deep quenches and , the aggregation mechanism is identified as diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA). An ordering of the clusters, which is reflected by a peak in the scattering intensity, is shown to result from the intercluster separation, exhibiting different scaling than that observed at lower volume fractions. This manifests an increasing similarity to spinodal decomposition observed as is increased. For and shallow quenches, different mechanisms, closer to spinodal decomposition, are observed. These results allow the subtle boundaries between DLCA and spinodal decomposition to be explored. Received: 7 April 1998 / Revised: 19 August 1998 / Accepted: 21 August 1998     

Melting line, spinodal and the endpoint of the melting line in the system with a modified Lennard—Jones potential

A molecular dynamics method was used to calculate the pressure p* and the internal energy e* of a liquid and a crystal in stable and metastable states in a system of 2048 particles, which interaction is described by a modified Lennard—Jones potential. For the liquid phase, calculations were performed along 13 isotherms from the range of reduced temperature T* = 0.35–3.0, and for the crystal phase, along 16 isotherms from the range T* =0.1–3.0. The thermal p* = p*(ρ*,T*) and caloric e* = e*(ρ*,T*) equations of state for liquids and crystals have been constructed. The parameters of crystal-liquid phase equilibrium have been determined from the conditions of phases coexistence at positive pressures and in the region of negative pressures, where the coexistent phases are metastable. The spinodal of a stretched liquid has been approximated. It has been found that with a temperature decrease the metastable extension of the melting line meets the spinodal of the liquid phase. The point of their meeting, the endpoint of the melting curve, is the point of termination of crystal-liquid phase equilibrium without the onset of identity of the phases.     

调幅分解及形核对相分离作用机理研究

以SCN-30wt%H₂O, SCN-50 wt%H₂O和SCN-80 wt%H₂O三组透明体系, 在恒温场下实现了形核和调幅分解两种过程; 在此基础上, 施加温度梯度, 研究了第二相液滴的迁移运动规律. 结果表明, 相分离在临界成分体系以调幅分解方式进行, 在另外两种体系中以形核长大方式进行; 调幅分解与形核过程相比, 反应进行得更快, 液滴长大到同一尺寸所需时间仅为形核所需时间的1/3—1/2. 且临界成分体系有更大的不混溶间隙, 所以第二相液滴具有更多迁移时间, 揭示了偏晶体系相分离过程中在临界成分处易获得壳-核组织的内在机理. 在单向温度场中, 测量了不同半径的液滴迁移速率, 并且与理论Marangoni迁移速率值作比较, 发现液滴迁移速率和Marangoni理论迁移速率符合较好. 说明了在较好地抑制自然对流条件下Marangoni迁移对于相分离过程起主要作用.     

Filamentary coagulation of particles from water-heterogeneous systems in the field of an acoustic resonator

The coagulation of particles from water-heterogeneous systems in the field of a confocal ultrasonic resonator is studied. It is found that, at frequencies of several megahertz, when acoustic power of about 1 W is applied to the resonator, long stable filaments consisting of the material of the heterogeneous system are formed in the vicinity of the resonator axis. The filaments consist of thin disks formed by coalescent particles spaced at intervals strictly equal to half of the sound wavelength. The features of this coagulation are determined for suspensions of various nature (metal and dielectric particles, colloidal solutions, and oil emulsions). It is established that the coagulation in a standing acoustic wave occurs faster than under natural conditions (under the influence of gravity). The possibility of using this effect for cleaning liquids from impurities and separating hyperfine particles without employing filter materials is discussed.