Probing the structure of the pomeron

We suggest that the pseudo-rapidity cut dependence of diffractive deep-inelastic scattering events at HERA may provide a sensitive test of models of diffraction. A comparison with the experimental cross section shows that the Donnachie-Landshoff model and a simple two-gluon exchange model of the pomeron model are disfavoured. However a model with a direct coupling of the pomeron to quarks is viable for a harder quark–pomeron form factor, as is a model based on the leading-twist operator contribution. We also consider a direct-coupling scalar pomeron model. We comment on the implications of these results for the determination of the partonic structure of the pomeron. Received: 5 March 1999 / Published online: 3 August 1999     

The parameter conversion from the Kedem-Katchalsky model into the two-parameter model

Cryopreservation is an important process for preserving cells and tissues. The process itself can, however, cause damage to cells and tissues. During addition and removal of a cryoprotective agent (CPA), cells are subjected to imbalanced osmotic pressures between the intracellular and extracellular solutions. Cells can be injured if these shrinkage and swelling events are beyond their tolerable limits. The characteristics of the cell volume changes during these processes depend on the types of CPA, the methods of adding and removing of the CPA and the permeability of cells to CPA and water. The typical models of this transportation are the two-parameter (2-p) model and the Kedem-Katchalsky (K-K) model. The K-K model is more general than the 2-p model. However, there is evidence that in many cases water and CPAs do not permeate through common pathways, hence the use of the reflection coefficient in the K-K model may be unnecessary and in some cases it may create conceptual errors. Therefore, the 2-p model is more suitable for use as a transport model than the K-K model. The aim of this study is to use the values of the K-K model parameters from data in the literature to calculate the corresponding parameters for the 2-p model. The results from these simulations demonstrate that the cell volume changes during CPA addition and removal from the K-K model can be closely estimated by the 2-p model.     

On the fractional derivative model of the transport of cosmic rays in the Galaxy

One of the models of the transport of cosmic rays in the Galaxy that is based on a fractional partial differential equation is criticized. A new model called the model of limited anomalous diffusion is proposed. Its main difference from the criticized model is that the finiteness of the velocity of particles is taken into account.     

Spin quantum number in the ground state of the Mattis-Heisenberg model

Total spin quantum number is rigorously calculated for a quantum version of the Mattis model of random spin systems. Crossover between three universality classes of the Ising model, theXY model, and the Heisenberg model is explicitly worked out in the presence of randomness. The randomness of the type of the Mattis model is shown to have no thermodynamic effects even in quantum systems.     

火成岩光谱吸收深度与矿物组分黑云母含量关系研究

岩石的矿物组成成分是影响其反射光谱特征的主要因素之一,是产生各类岩石特征谱带的重要原因。本文选择美国喷气推进实验室提供的岩石样本(包括组成岩石样本的各类矿物百分含量和用Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD)地物光谱仪测得0.35～2.50 μm波长范围内岩石样本光谱反射率)、岩石所包含的各类矿物的光谱反射率为基础数据,根据岩石和所含矿物的光谱线性混合模型,首先进行了岩石及其矿物成分线性混合模拟实验,实验结果表明基于线性混合光谱理论的岩石矿物模拟模型能够较好的模拟岩石光谱曲线,并且能够保留各个矿物组分的吸收特征。然后从火成岩的岩石光谱中选出含有黑云母矿物的八个样本,研究岩石样本中黑云母含量及其在2.332 μm处反射光谱吸收深度的特征,用线性和非线性等多种常用统计模型拟合了岩石光谱吸收深度与矿物组分黑云母含量之间的响应关系,最后本文将增长型(Growth)和指数曲线型(Exponential)两个模型相结合获得新的拟合模型,利用该模型拟合了岩石光谱吸收深度与矿物组分黑云母含量之间的统计响应关系,拟合结果表明二者的相关系数达到0.998 4,标准偏差为0.57 2,虽然利用Growth和Exponential模型拟合的标准偏差小于两个模型结合后的新模型拟合的标准偏差,但新模型的相关系数有了显著提高,这说明新模型拟合效果更接近样本的实测值。     

最优速度模型与元胞自动机模型的比较研究

用解析分析与数值仿真的手段研究了一种典型的车辆跟驰模型(OV模型)与元胞自动机模型(NS模型)之间的区别与联系.首先通过对模型规则的分析,证明了确定NS模型是OV模型的一种离散形式.随后针对两模型更复杂的具体形式,通过数值仿真的手段进行了模型的密度-流量关系与模型在开放边界下的动态特性的研究.实验结果表明,从现象来看,OV模型与NS模型具有非常近似的性质,但两种模型的机制不相同,并且各自具有不能相互替代的优势.为交通流模型的使用和改进提供了参考.     

集成学习算法的红外光谱定量回归模型

近年来,深度学习在数据挖掘领域研究较多,深度学习中的集成学习算法也越来越多地应用到分类和定量回归中,但是,集成学习算法在红外光谱分析领域的应用研究较少。提出一种基于Blending模型融合的集成学习定量回归算法,利用GBDT算法、线性核支持向量机(LinearSVM)和径向基核支持向量机(RBF SVM)作为基学习器,将基学习器预测结果通过LinearSVM模型完成数据融合。以公开数据库中的药片和柴油近红外光谱数据为研究对象,首先对光谱数据进行一阶导数预处理,分别采用单核支持向量回归模型、GBDT模型和Blending集成学习模型,将模型预测结果进行分析比较。药片活性物含量和硬度性质采用RBF SVM模型的预测结果最优,RMSEP最小,RPD最大;其次为Blending集成学习模型;GBDT模型预测结果最差。药片质量采用Blending集成学习模型预测的R2最高,达到0.837 4;RBF SVM的RMSEP最小,为2.140 6,RPD最大,达到7.487 8;LinearSVM的预测结果最差。对于柴油沸点、闪点和总芳香烃三种性质,Blending模型预测效果最好,优于三种单模型预测结果。对于十六烷值,GBDT模型和RBF SVM模型预测结果优于Blending集成学习模型。对于密度,仅GBDT模型优于Blending集成模型,并且,使用单模型和集成模型的预测结果均较为理想,除了LinearSVM模型R2为0.944 5,其他模型R2均高于0.99。对于冰点的预测,RBF SVM和LinearSVM的预测效果优于Blending集成学习模型。对于黏性性质的预测,仅RBF SVM的预测效果优于Blending集成算法模型。由结果可以看出,由GBDT,LinearSVM和RBF SVM集成的Blending模型由于融合了单模型的特征,与单模型相比,预测效果较优或者最优,证明集成学习Blending模型用于红外光谱定量回归具有较强的适用性,且具有较高的预测精度和泛化能力,对于进一步研究集成学习算法在红外光谱定量回归中的应用具有重要的意义。     

On the structure of the nucleon optical potential

A generalization of the exciton model for preequilibrium decay of the compound nucleus is presented. This model successfully describes both spectra and angular distributions of neutrons and protons emitted in reactions induced by light (A≦4) projectiles. Limitations of the model due to the finite nuclear geometry are discussed. The connection with a statistical model for the nuclear Hamiltonian is established.     

Tavis-Cummings模型中原子间偶极相互作用对场熵演化特性的影响

研究了单模辐射场与耦合双原子相互作用系统场熵的演化特性,讨论了原子间偶极相互作用对场熵演化特性的影响.研究结果表明,当原子间偶极偶极相互作用不太强时,场熵的时间演化行为与单光子JC模型相似;当原子间偶极偶极相互作用足够强时,场熵的时间演化行为与双光子JC模型相似 关键词： 单模辐射场 耦合双原子 场熵演化     

Semirealistic models of the cochlea

The aim of this paper is the introduction and comparison of consistent albeit passive mechanical models for the whole cochlea. A widely used transmission line filterbank, which hydrodynamically speaking is a long wave approximation (L model), suffers from a well-known inconsistency: its main modeling assumption is not valid within the resonance region, where most of the overall excitation takes place. In the present paper two approaches to overcome this inconsistency are discussed. One model is the average pressure (AP) model by Duifhuis, the other is obtained by a combination of a long and a short wave approximation (LS model). Considerable differences between the L and the LS model are observed. All models are compared by inserting them into the full integral equation obtained from the hydrodynamic equations and the boundary conditions. Here the LS model fares better than the AP model for small damping, whereas the opposite is true for higher damping. As expected, the L model fails badly in the resonance region.     

On the spin fluctuation approach to the anderson and Kondo hamiltonians

The free energy expression of the full Anderson model is derived in a similar way as has been done before for the Kondo model. Use is made of the “asymptotic time approximation” first invented to study the x-ray threshold singularity. Again the procedure leads to a classical Coulomb gas on a ring. The magnetic field is included and plays the role of an electric field for the Coulomb gas. Further it turns out that the “symmetric” Anderson model (2ε _d =?U) is identical to the antiferromagnetic Kondo model. The method and the results suggest the construction of a “polaron” model which in the approximation used is equivalent to the Kondo model as well as the Anderson model. From this a new picture of the “Kondo effect” in terms of spin fluctuations is developed.     

A note on the electron density profile at the surface of metals

A two step model of electron density profile at the surface of a metal is in use for the study of surface plasmas. The same model is used here to calculate surface energy and work function. The parameters in the model are determined by minimizing surface energy. It is shown that the model is a reasonable approximation to the true profile only in low density metals.     

Renormalization connection between the eight-vertex model and the gaussian model

A generalized version of the Villain model is defined which contains the eight-vertex model as a special case. A renormalization pattern is formulated in terms of this Villain model by which critical line(s) in the eight-vertex model are connected with the Gaussian fixed line. Gaussian equivalents are found for various operators along the Baxter line. The relation between the present results and those recently obtained by Kadanoff and Brown is discussed.     

Simulation of the piston effect by the lattice Boltzmann method

A new lattice Boltzmann model is presented for the simulation of heat transfer in near-critical fluids. Fluid layer between two horizontal plates heated below near the thermodynamic critical point is simulated by the model. The spatial and temporal evolution of the temperature field is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the model can describe accurately the piston effect induced heat transfer at the piston effect timescale.     

On the equivalence between sine-Gordon model and Thirring model in the chirally broken phase of the Thirring model

We investigate the equivalence between Thirring model and sine-Gordon model in the chirally broken phase of the Thirring model. This is unlike all other available approaches where the fermion fields of the Thirring model were quantized in the chiral symmetric phase. In the path integral approach we show that the bosonized version of the massless Thirring model is described by a quantum field theory of a massless scalar field and exactly solvable, and the massive Thirring model bosonizes to the sine-Gordon model with a new relation between the coupling constants. We show that the non-perturbative vacuum of the chirally broken phase in the massless Thirring model can be described in complete analogy with the BCS ground state of superconductivity. The Mermin–Wagner theorem and Coleman's statement concerning the absence of Goldstone bosons in the 1+1-dimensional quantum field theories are discussed. We investigate the current algebra in the massless Thirring model and give a new value of the Schwinger term. We show that the topological current in the sine-Gordon model coincides with the Noether current responsible for the conservation of the fermion number in the Thirring model. This allows one to identify the topological charge in the sine-Gordon model with the fermion number. Received: 16 December 2000 / Revised version: 23 April 2001 / Published online: 13 June 2001     

Evaluation of the single ionisation transition amplitude using the CDW-EIS model within the framework of the impact-parameter method

The continuum distorted-wave model with an eikonal initial state for ionisation is discussed within the framework of the impact-parameter method. Particular attention is paid to the surface term, which describes the transition by a distorting potential, and which has been omitted in all of the previous calculations performed using the model. However, this term is included in the transition amplitude in a recent application of the model based upon a quantum-mechanical treatment. The present study, in which the surface term is evaluated within the impact-parameter method, shows that this term does not contribute to the transition amplitude. In describing the electron-ejection mechanism for a p^±–H collision, the cross-sections evaluated using the impact-parameter model show numerical agreement with those determined in the quantum-mechanical version. This agreement indicates that the contribution of the surface term calculated in the wave treatment is negligible over the region in which the impact-parameter model is valid.     

Dynamic behavior of the Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model on fractal lattices: the influence of the order of ramification

A catalytic reaction model, the Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model, is studied on fractal lattices, and the influence of the order of ramification of the lattice on the dynamic behavior of the model is investigated. According to the Monte Carlo simulation results, the order of ramification of the lattice is not crucial to the existence of the continuous transition. This is different from the equilibrium phase transitions in discrete-symmetry spin models (such as the Ising model). Our results indicate that the criterion of the existence of the reactive phase may be complicated.     

Hadron Mass and the Properties of Nuclear Matter in the Quark Bag Models

The MIT bag model, chiral bag model and cloudy bag model are revisited. A typical work on the hadron mass calculation by chiral bag model and cloudy bag model is shown in more details with the quark-quark-pi vertex correction and quark self-energy being emphasized. More details are given to review the quark-meson coupling model and its application in nuclear matter. We put forth the Lagrangian of the quark-meson coupling model and studied the possibility of using the model to calculate the hadron mass.     

Dilaton as the Higgs boson

We propose a model where the role of the electroweak Higgs field is played by the dilaton. The model contains terms which explicitly violate gauge invariance; however, it is shown that this violation is fictitious, so that the model is a consistent low-energy effective theory. In the simplest version of the idea the resulting low-energy effective theory is the same as the top mode standard model.     

Modeling of the RF system for the normal conducting linac

To study the new RF control methods, a mathematic model of the RF system for the normal conducting linac is built and implemented with the software of Matlab. The model contains some typical units of the RF system, such as the klystron, the SLED and the traveling wave accelerating tube. Finally, the model is used to study the working point of the SLED and the adaptive feed forward algorithm for the RF control system. Simulation shows that the model works well as expected.