Fiber Sagnac Loop Filter with a Symmetrical Piecewise Uniform FBG

We propose a novel comb filter by using a symmetrical piecewise uniform fiber Bragg grating (S-PUFBG) in a Sagnac interferometer. The filter has wide bandwidth, equal passband spacing, and low insertion loss. The total transmission bandwidth is determined by the number and the parameters of the grating segments, while the transmission spectrum can be cosine modulated to realize comb-like filtering, and the modulating frequency can be controlled by adjusting the fiber length difference in the Sagnac loop.     

Multi-wavelength fiber source with equal frequency spacing

A optical filter based on Sagnac interferometer was proposed to be acted as a comb filter with equal frequency spacing and good signal to noise ratio (SNR), which was composed of an 8.14 m stress-induced Hi-Bi (high-birefringence) PM (polarization-maintaining) fiber. Using this multi-wavelength Sagnac comb filter and a gain flattening Sagnac filter that made the output spectra flattening at different pump powers, a 25-channel multi-wavelength all-fiber source were successfully generated with channel spacing of 0.8 nm with respect to the center wavelength at 1550 nm and flattened gain about ±1 dB peak deviation. The channel spacing can be further reduced to 0.4 nm to produce a DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexing) source, simply by increasing the Hi-Bi fiber to be 16.28 m. It can be used in many applications such as WDM (wavelength division multiplexing), optical amplifiers with a high SNR, narrow band filters and optical sensors.     

带有对称啁啾光纤光栅的Sagnac环滤波器

通过在光纤Sagnac环中引入对称啁啾光纤光栅,对带有光纤光栅的Sagnac环梳状滤波器进行了改进,克服了原有滤波器工作带宽小、通带间隔不等的缺点.通过对光栅参量进行适当设计,在中等折射率调制度下,可使光栅同时具有高反射率和大反射带宽,结合Sagnac环可得到大带宽、等间隔梳状滤波器.     

Tunable optical filter based on Sagnac phase-shift using single optical ring resonator

In this paper, a single optical ring resonator connected to a Sagnac loop is used to demonstrate theoretically a novel narrow band optical filter response that is based on Sagnac phase-shift Δφ. The given filter structure permits the Sagnac rotation to control the filter response. It is shown that by changing the Sagnac rotation rate, we can tune the filter response for desired bandwidths. To increase the wavelength selectivity of the filter, the Sagnac phase-shift should be as small as possible that is limited by the loop length. For Δφ=0.1 rad, the obtained FWHM is 2.63 MHz for tuning loop length of 2 m. The simulation response agrees fairly with the recently reported experimental result.     

Stable multiwavelength fiber ring laser with equalized power spectrum based on a semiconductor optical amplifier

We experimentally demonstrated a new structure of a multiwavelength semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) ring laser based on a fiber Sagnac loop filter that can generate up to 25 stable output lasing wavelengths at room temperature. By varying the length of a polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber within the Sagnac loop filter, the wavelength spacing between the output lasing wavelengths can be changed to a desired value. By tuning a polarization controller (PC) within the Sagnac loop filter, stable multiwavelength 1550-nm operation with up to 17 lasing lines within 3 dB power level variation and with a wavelength spacing of ∼0.8 nm was achieved. The optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNRs) of all the lasing wavelengths are greater than 40 dB.     

含有光纤光栅的萨尼亚克环的透射特性分析

详细分析了由光纤光栅和萨尼亚克（Sagnac)环构成的透射滤波器的特性,给出了在均匀光纤光栅的情况下,该滤波器透过率的解析公式,结果表明该滤波器的透射光谱是余弦函数调制后的光纤光栅反射光谱,当光纤光栅是“强”耦合时,该滤波器可以构成多通带滤波器,而当纤光栅为“弱”耦合时,该滤波器可以构成单通带滤波器,这些滤波器可应用于现代光纤通信系统中。     

Stable wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for true-time delay system

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel wavelength tunable fiber ring laser source for a photonic beamforming system to control phased-array antenna. In this fabrication, a Sagnac loop composed of a polarization-maintaining (PM) coupler and a piece of high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) PM fiber is acted as a comb filter to make the frequency spacing equal. The wavelength of the output signal is controlled by the tunable filter outside the Sagnac loop. The intensities of the output signals with different wavelengths increased or decreased at the same frequency spacing are equal. A five-channel true-time delay system consisting of this tunable fiber source and five grating delay lines for discrete beamsteering has been demonstrated. In the experiment, the output signals of the tunable fiber ring with the equal frequency spacing have the same intensity of about 5.9 dBm and the same high signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 40 dB. If the tunable filter in this laser is replaced by a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) tunable filter, the speed of switching wavelength will increase rapidly.     

Theory and experiment of flat-top all-fiber comb filter based on two high birefringence fiber Sagnac loop filters

A simple flat-top all-fiber comb filter based on two high birefringence fiber (HBF) Sagnac loop filters is presented. The proposed flat-top comb filter consists of two HBF Sagnac loop filters with two polarization controllers (PCs) and a fiber circulator. According to the theoretical analysis, with proper settings of the polarization state of the PCs, the comb filter can realize flat-top passband and the channel spacing also can be switched when the comb filter is convex spectrum. The 0.3 dB bandwidth of the flat-top passband is 0.49 nm with a free spectral range of 1.4 nm. The maximum extinction ratio is nearly 20 dB. The comb filter with switchable channel spacing can be obtained from 0.7 nm to 1.4 nm.     

Tuneable Sagnac comb filter including two wave retarders

In this paper we study theoretically and experimentally a wavelength-tuneable Sagnac birefringence filter. The device is a Sagnac interferometer including a symmetric fibre coupler and a length of high-birefringence fibre in the loop. A wave retarder is inserted at each end of the birefringent fibre for absolute wavelength tuning. We show theoretically that wavelength tuning through wave plate orientation ensuring constant amplitude of the filtering function is possible only if a minimum of two wave retarders are included in the setup. The position of the transmission peaks then varies linearly with the angle of one of the retarders and can be adjusted over one entire channel spacing. This happens only when a quarter-wave retarder and a half-wave retarder are used, if the former is oriented at 45° with respect to the fibre birefringence axes, while the orientation of the latter serves as the adjustment parameter. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by the experimental results.     

Performance of a wavelength-tunable erbium-doped fiber laser using a Sagnac interferometer

We experimentally demonstrate a wavelength-tunable erbium-doped fiber laser that is composed of a ring cavity and a single-mode fiber Sagnac interferometer in a new and simple arrangement. We find that the fiber laser output wavelength is tunable by adjusting the filter effect of the Sagnac fiber loop through a fiber polarization controller set there. The quasi-single-wavelength continuously tunable laser outputs could be achieved within some wavelength range. The multi-wavelength laser outputs could also be observed under some appropriate settings of the polarization controller. A theoretical demonstration of the wavelength tunability about the transmission-type Sagnac loop filter has also been achieved using the Jones calculus theory.     

一种通道数可变的光纤光栅梳状滤波器

利用级联长周期光纤光栅与具有宽带反射功能的啁啾光纤光栅,构成了一种反射型的光纤光栅梳状滤波器.由于光在输出前经过两次干涉滤波作用,所以该梳状滤波器的消光比与透射输出型(即反射前)相比,增加了一倍.而且,通过调节啁啾光纤光栅的反射带宽,可以改变滤波器输出信道的数目.实验中利用弹性梁弯曲的方法,获得了两个可调的光纤光栅梳状滤波器,其信道数可分别在1～5和3～9之间的奇数间调谐(如果改变啁啾光纤光栅的初始中心波长,也可以获得偶数信道间的调谐).     

高双折射Sagnac环透射特性的理论与实验研究

 采用传输矩阵分析法、数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法研究了由光耦合器（OC）、偏振控制器（PC）和保偏光纤（PMF）组成的高双折射Sagnac干涉环的透射特性。理论分析了PMF特性和PC状态对输出特性的影响,并通过数值模拟得到了PMF长度、双折射率（Δn）和PC状态不同时所对应的透射光谱。最后通过实验验证得出了波长间隔只由PMF的长度和双折射率Δn决定,透射率大小只由PC状态决定,而透射谱的峰值位置由PMF和PC状态共同决定的规律。实验结果与理论分析结果非常一致,对Sagnac环透射规律的研究对这种可调谐滤波器在多波长光纤激光器中的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Tunable single-longitudinal-mode Ytterbium all fiber laser with saturable-absorber-based auto-tracking filter

A broadband tunable, single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) Ytterbium fiber laser with unpumped Ytterbium-doped Sagnac loop is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The unpumped Ytterbium-doped Sagnac loop is employed as a saturable absorber based auto-tracking filter to ensure single-longitudinal-mode oscillation. And a tunable band pass optical filter with large tuning range is applied to achieve broadband tuning ability. With 1-m Ytterbium-doped fiber as the gain medium, the SLM operation is achieved with over 60-nm wavelength tuning range at 160-mW pump power. The laser is very stable with output power of about 3 dBm and optical signal to noise ratio of higher than 50 dB in all the 60-nm tuning range.     

Electro-optic wavelength-tunable fiber ring laser based on cascaded composite Sagnac loop filters

A continuous wavelength-swept fiber ring laser with a lithium niobate waveguide electro-optic polarization controller in an intracavity fiber Sagnac loop is experimentally demonstrated. Composite fiber Sagnac loop filters are cascaded to demonstrate discrete wavelength switching of a single-wavelength fiber ring laser. Stable single-longitudinal-mode operation is achieved by use of a Sagnac loop saturable-absorber filter.     

Stable and spacing-adjustable multiwavelength Raman fiber laser based on mixed-cascaded phosphosilicate fiber Raman linear cavity

A novel multiwavelength Raman fiber laser based on the mixed-cascaded Stokes effects of phosphosilicate fiber is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. By using stimulated Raman scattering of both P(2)O(5) and SiO(2) along 1 km phosphosilicate fiber pumped with a 1064 nm double-clad fiber laser, the mixed-cascaded Raman linear cavity is formed by a pair of fiber Bragg gratings at 1239 nm, a polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) Sagnac loop filter, and a conventional optical loop mirror. Up to 15-wavelength stable oscillations around 1320 nm are obtained with a wavelength spacing of 0.44 nm and power nonuniformity of less than 4 dB. By changing the length of the PMF in the Sagnac loop filter from 10 to 5.5 m, the wavelength spacing is adjustable from 0.44 to 0.8 nm. The extinction ratio of the laser is more than 30 dB. Excellent stability is also observed with a peak power fluctuation of less than 0.8 dB in 1 h.     

Multiwavelength self-seeded Brillouin-erbium fiber laser with 45-nm tunable range

We have demonstrated a tunable multiwavelength self-seeded Brillouin-erbium fiber laser (BEFL) without externally Brillouin pumping. In this scheme, the stable multiwavelength comb can be produced within a ∼45-nm wavelength tuning range through adjusting the polarization controllers (PCs) in a high-birefringent Sagnac loop mirror. The generation of ∼200-line Stokes comb has been achieved by adjusting PCs under bidirectional pumping of two laser diodes, which is the largest wavelength number to the best of our knowledge. The effect of 980 nm pump power on the multiwavelength generation was also investigated.     

高速大容量光纤光栅解调仪的研究

采用半导体光放大器和可调谐法布里-珀罗滤波器,以环路结构组成高速扫描激光器,结合光耦合器、光环路器和光电二极管等,形成4通道大容量高速光纤光栅解调仪。系统采用2kHz的类三角波调制信号,驱动法布里-珀罗滤波器在50nm的光谱范围内进行快速扫描。通过引入光纤梳状滤波器和单峰滤波器组成的参考通路,消除法布里-珀罗滤波器的非线性效应和扫描波长漂移问题,使得解调仪具有很好的稳定性和线性度。高速光纤光栅解调仪的稳定性为2pm,分辨率为1pm,线性度为0.99957,测量精度为5pm,解调频率为2kHz。     

Cost-effective tunable fiber laser based on self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode using a Sagnac loop reflector

We propose and demonstrate a simple configuration of wavelength-tunable fiber laser made up of a tunable band-pass filter, a Sagnac loop refiector, and a Fabry-Perot laser diode. Based on the self-seeded operation, the proposed fiber laser can obtain a single-longitudinal-mode output in the wavelength tuning range of 1544.69–1563.39 nm with tuning step of 1.34 nm. The performances of output power （-9 dBm）, optical side-mode suppression ratio （ 65.5 dB）, and power and wavelength stabilities are well exhibited.     

基于半导体纳米线和金属脊的混合表面等离子体波导模式特性分析

波长可开关光纤激光器可以选择多波长光纤激光器中的一个或多个波长输出,支持光网络中多个波长的动态分配,适应现代光纤通信系统信道数越来越多的波分复用和密集波分复用的发展方向.本文提出并实现了一种自激发多波长可开关掺铒光纤激光器.该激光器通过一个980 nm泵浦进行抽运,使用掺铒光纤作为增益介质,产生1 550 nm光谱,并通过一个环形结构返回,从而实现自激发的过程,降低了实验成本.实验使用一个含有两段保偏光纤的Sagnac环作为滤波器.通过调整Sagnac环形滤波器内偏振控制器的角度,改变Sagnac环形滤波器的腔内增益,可以让光纤光栅反射出来的波长选择性通过,从而实现波长的开关功能.实验证明,通过调整Sagnac滤波器的腔内增益而让多波长选择性通过,是一种有效的实现波长可开关功能的方法.     

Ultra-fast tunable optical filters for WDM networks

One missing component in the next generation optical communications link is an ultra-fast tunable filter. This is a crucial element in dense wavelength division multiplexing systems. Here, a novel fiber loop configuration is proposed, which operates as such a filter. The filter implementation is based upon currently available technologies. It is shown that with the suggested technique, optical selective elements can be generated with a tuning speed of a few nanoseconds. This is three orders of magnitude faster than other currently available filters. The filter can be designed as compact and is immunized to external instabilities. Using compound configurations, the filter can be designed with a very wide range of filter finesse and free spectral range.