Hamming切趾技术提高体光栅光谱合成功率的研究

体光栅光谱合成技术是获得高功率激光输出的一种有效途径,体光栅衍射旁瓣是影响合成光束数目的主要因素。采用了Hamming切趾技术对体光栅旁瓣进行抑制,建立了Hamming切趾体光栅的折射率分布模型,分析了Hamming切趾体光栅的衍射特性,给出了Hamming切趾体光栅光谱合成效率公式,分析了切趾光栅对光谱合成效率的影响。计算结果表明:体光栅切趾后有效减小了体光栅对相邻合成光束的衍射损耗,切趾后,在20 nm的带宽内,谱合成光束的数目由13束增加为20束,谱合成效率达75.3%,光谱合成功率提高为切趾前的1.5倍。     

采用光纤光栅级联结构实现光纤延迟线

在使用光纤光栅实现皮秒级别时延的基础上,提出一种光纤光栅与单模光纤相结合的微秒级别级联结构,该结构可以实现中心波长1 550~1 553 nm范围内,间距为1 nm的窄波长反射型时延线,共1,1.5,2和2.5 μs四种不同的时延。将单波长反射的啁啾布拉格光纤光栅与103 m单模光纤连接构成延迟单元,再利用光环形器将4个延迟单元级联并使用内半径为3 cm的光纤绕线盘,将四种延时单元的传输光纤进行整合。借助光纤光栅的反射镜作用,控制不同波长光信号通过不同的传输距离,从而达到时延目的。本文通过对啁啾布拉格光纤光栅的反射谱进行仿真分析,发现相邻反射谱的旁瓣会出现交叠现象,因此使用六个切趾函数对旁瓣滤除。结果显示：不同切趾函数的滤除效果也不同,能够完全滤除旁瓣并且对反射谱包络影响最小的是柯西切趾函数,经柯西切趾后能使不同波长光信号在对应中心波长1 nm范围内反射率达到1,而其他位置均为0。由于使用光纤绕线盘整合延迟单元传输光纤会产生一定损耗,因此对弯曲损耗进行仿真分析,结果表明：弯曲半径相同时,损耗与工作波长成正比;工作波长相同时,弯曲损耗与弯曲半径成反比。当弯曲半径大于2.9 cm时,弯曲损耗曲线变化平缓并趋于0,因此当光纤绕线盘内半径为3 cm时保证了在减小延迟模块体积的同时又不会有过大的损耗。通过TDS784D型示波器对频率为2 000 Hz的信号经不同传输距离后的波形进行测试,结果显示经3 m和5 km传输线后信号的各项参数基本保持不变,经过长距离传输后,依然能保持原信号特性,因此使用103 m传输线可达到延迟目的。使用W-GGL型光功率计对不同频率下的输出功率进行测量,与直光纤的输出功率相比,当弯曲半径为2~3 cm时偏差较大,等于3 cm时偏差为0.18 dBm,大于3 cm时则无限趋近,因此设置绕线盘内半径为3 cm符合光纤延迟线的损耗范围。     

基于啁啾相移光纤光栅的滤波器设计及应用

相移光纤光栅作为透射型带通滤波器件降低了使用成本和插入损耗.在光通信和传感领域有着较高的应用价值.啁啾相移光纤光栅的透射峰波长和数量由相移点的位置和数量来确定,透射峰特性受相移量的影响.采用分段切趾的方法获得满足光通信要求的滤波特性,利用传输矩阵法分析了切趾前后透射峰特性的变化,结果表明:切趾改善了滤波器的幅度和相位响应,依据滤波器的设计要求选取不同的切趾函数以及切趾比例;切趾还大大减弱了透射峰波长和深度对相移量的敏感度,适当切趾后相移量的影响可以忽略.并提出一种应用双通道啁啾相移光纤光栅滤波器产生脉冲毫米波副载波信号的方案.     

Proposal and design of an in-fiber all-optical fractional integrator

We theoretically and numerically demonstrate that a single fiber Bragg grating – conveniently apodized and of uniform period – operated in reflection can perform an arbitrary-order fractional integration of an input optical waveform. Analytical expressions were found relating the fractional integration order with the apodization profile of the fiber Bragg grating. This simple device shows a good accuracy calculating the fractional time integral of the complex field of arbitrary input optical waveforms.     

High‐efficiency single etch step apodized surface grating coupler using subwavelength structure

Grating couplers are key elements enabling the coupling of light between planar waveguide circuits and optical fibers. In this work, it is demonstrated using simulations and experiments that a high coupling efficiency can be achieved for an arbitrary buried oxide thickness by judicious adjustment of the grating radiation angle. The coupler strength is engineered by subwavelength structure, allowing straightforward apodization and single etch step fabrication. The design has been implemented using Fourier‐eigenmode expansion and finite difference time domain methods. The measured coupling loss of a continuously apodized grating is −2.16 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth of 64 nm, therefore opening promising prospects for low‐cost and high‐volume fabrication using 193 nm deep‐ultraviolet lithography. It is also shown by simulations that a coupling loss as low as −0.42 dB is predicted for a modified coupler structure with bottom mirror.     

An apodized DFB semiconductor laser realized by varying duty cycle of sampling Bragg grating and reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technology

An apodized DFB semiconductor laser based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) technology is proposed and investigated numerically. By changing the duty cycle of the sampling period, the magnitude of the equivalent index modulation is varied. Thus the equivalent apodization is introduced instead of an actual apodization. This novel DFB structure is advantageous in that it can enlarge the threshold gain difference and improve the mode stability compared with the conventional DFB laser. Moreover, the structure can be easily fabricated by standard holographic technology instead of high cost Electron-beam lithography.     

A Novel Add/Drop Multiplexer Architecture for DWDM Network

By using the coupled-mode theory and F-matrix method, the transmission spectra of apodized phase-shifted LPFGs are calculated and analyzed. A novel configuration of OADM is proposed for flexible multiple wavelengths add-drop based on cascaded phase-shifted LPFGs filters with apodization technique.     

相移长周期光栅长度切趾光谱特性

应用耦合模理论和传输矩阵法分析了长周期相移光栅的光谱特性,比较了折射率切趾和长度切趾所产生的不同光谱结构,并分析了长度切趾中不同的切趾函数及光栅长度对光谱结构的影响.讨论了长度切趾的旁瓣增强效应,发现了一些新的有益结果.     

Spectrum apodization of a time-dependent Gaussian pulse incident on the apodized circular aperture in far-field

The diffraction spectral intensity characteristics of a time-dependent Gaussian pulse from an apodized circular aperture in the far field are studied both theoretically and numerically. It is shown that the apodization of the diffracted Gaussian pulse spectrum can be found. Also the red or blue shift of the spectral intensity maximum of the incident pulse is presented.     

Fresnel zone plate with apodized aperture for hard X‐ray Gaussian beam optics

Fresnel zone plates with apodized apertures [apodization FZPs (A‐FZPs)] have been developed to realise Gaussian beam optics in the hard X‐ray region. The designed zone depth of A‐FZPs gradually decreases from the center to peripheral regions. Such a zone structure forms a Gaussian‐like smooth‐shouldered aperture function which optically behaves as an apodization filter and produces a Gaussian‐like focusing spot profile. Optical properties of two types of A‐FZP, i.e. a circular type and a one‐dimensional type, have been evaluated by using a microbeam knife‐edge scan test, and have been carefully compared with those of normal FZP optics. Advantages of using A‐FZPs are introduced.     

利用变迹术和相干门相结合实现光学相干层析成像术轴向超分辨

光学相十层析成像（光学相干层析成像术）的轴向分辨力由光源带宽和探测光束的聚焦条件共同决定。提高光学相干层析成像术轴向分辨力的方法主要基于带宽光源技术。提出了一种将变迹术与光学相十层析成像术相干门有机结合的方法来提高其轴向分辨力。通过适当形式的光瞳滤波器．使光学相干层析成像术系统轴向响应的主瓣宽度缩小到相干门之内,而其旁瓣则处于相干门之外．不对相干成像产生有效贡献。这样．就能在光源带宽不变的条件下,有效提高光学相十层析成像术的轴向分辨力,避免了采用宽带光源所带来的费用昂贵和系统复杂等缺陷。     

Lineshape and polarization mode dispersion of waves diffracted by apodized and chirped fiber Bragg gratings in reflection

The amplitude and phase of a light wave propagating in an apodized and chirped Bragg grating is given by the superposition of two orthogonal coupled wave functions that are the solution of a non-linear Riccati equation. An analytical solution, in the form of an integral transform, that predicts the amplitude, phase, and intensity profile of the light diffracted by grating, in which the local Bragg wavelength is asymmetric, and the forward and counter propagating modes are non-degenerate is presented. For even apodization and odd chirp the lineshape has an asymmetrical Gaussian form the result of mixing of the real and imaginary components of the apodized grating wave function. The effect of chirping is to shift the resonance wavelength, increase the grating bandwidth and polarization mode dispersion. The dependence of linewidth and dispersion on parameters that alter apodization and chirp after fabrication, is also discussed.     

Asymmetrically Apodized Fiber Bragg Gratings for Applications in Dispersion-Less Fabry-Pérot Fiber Cavities

Abstract

This article presents a theoretical study of the dispersion properties of the asymmetrically apodized fiber Bragg gratings. It is shown that the dispersive behavior of these gratings may be changed from normal to anomalous, depending on the apodization function and the grating strength. The asymmetrical Bessel functions were chosen in order to demonstrate these properties of the gratings. The application of this effect in a dispersion-less Fabry-Pérot fiber cavity formed by two asymmetrically apodized fiber Bragg gratings is discussed.     

Tukey窗函数用于数字全息图的切趾研究

提出采用Tukey窗函数对数字全息图进行切趾处理的方法,以削弱数字全息像再现过程中的孔径衍射效应,抑制再现波前的起伏.模拟实验结果表明,该方法显著改善了再现像中央区域的强度和相位分布,适用于微小物体的显微测量及微小形变测量等领域.     

Diode-like asymmetric transmission of circularly polarized waves

Optical diode plays an important role in optical computing and information processing. In this paper, a kind of three-layered chiral metamaterial is proposed to achieve diode-like asymmetric transmission for forward and backward propagations of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves only. The metamaterial is composed of a ring–chain structure sandwiched between two identical S-shaped metallic layers with their corresponding substrates. A transparent transmission at normal incidence in one direction and a small intensity of transmission in the opposite direction are numerically demonstrated in this chiral structure. Besides, the results reveal that the bandwidth of the cross-polarization transmission of this designed structure can be tuned by varying the incident angle of circularly polarized waves.     

Plasmonic Bragg reflectors based on metal-embedded MIM structure

We propose and investigate a metalembedded metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure plasmonic Bragg reflector (PBR) using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with PMLs (perfectly matched layers) boundary conditions. It improves the performance of conventional step profile MIM PBRs to some extent. Our numerical study reveals that the metal-embedded PBRs exhibit lower insertion loss, narrower bandgap, and reduced rippling in the transmission spectrum when compared with the step PBRs at the same normalized index contrast and transmission levels. The defect mode of the metal-embedded PBRs also exhibits higher transmission. To suppress the sidelobes in the transmission spectrum, we further smooth the end of the embedded metal, which demonstrates a better performance. Then, we find with respect to the Bragg wavelength, the longer wavelengths have a tendency to spread in the wider regions of the insulator layer; however, the shorter wavelengths have a tendency to spread in the embedded metal regions. The apodized PBRs with the embedded metal length decreasing (increasing) efficaciously suppress the ripples at the right (left) band edges. Then, we use the impedance theoretical model to explain this phenomenon. Finally, we realize a flat-top transmission band filter by connecting two apodized PBRs, and the band and center wavelength can be adjusted.     

Direction and frequency filter basing on an ultra-compact structure consisting of dielectric films

The transmission properties of a two-period structure consisting of dielectric layers and air layers are studied by numeric methods. On the condition of total reflection from dielectric to air layer, the coupling of the evanescent waves in air layers and propagation waves in dielectric layers forms some special transmission bands. Given proper structure parameters, one incident direction only allows one transmission frequency; on the other hand, one transmission frequency only allows one incident direction. This structure can simultaneously achieve frequency filtering and direction filtering.     

基于强度传输方程的多重网格算法

提出一种新的切趾函数,用此切趾函数对过零单边干涉图加权,使具有相同光程差的两点光强与旋转因子的乘积之和为它们的平均值,减小了由于计算过程中零光程差点附近的数据被利用两次造成的误差.研究结果表明:与Mertz提出的切趾函数相比,本文提出的切趾函数对非对称性较严重的过零单边干涉图数据处理有更好的加权效果,能够有效减小光谱失真,同时计算效率得到了一定程度的提高,可广泛应用到傅里叶变换光谱仪中的过零单边干涉图处理中.     

Numerical analysis of the three co-directional guided modes in optical period dielectric waveguides using inverse Gaussian apodization

We describe and analyze the inverse Gaussian apodization among the three co-directional guided modes using the supermodes theory and the transfer matrix method. The propagation condition is related to the two phase matching distribution induced by two long period co-spatial gratings. It is seen that one input mode can be converted into another two modes with each mode having two peaks at its transmission spectrum. Through adopting the inverse Gaussian apodization, the input mode A turns to having two peaks while the converted mode B has six peaks and mode C has three peaks around the central frequency in the transmission spectrum. Of particular interest is when adjusting the maximum coupling apodization strength from 100 to 1500, the frequency space in mode A changes nearly linearly from 340 GHz to 5100 GHz which is twice of the mode B at each coupling strength, while the mode C can be turned nearly linearly from 350 GHz to 5200 GHz. Additionally, the power at the central frequency of input mode A will almost totally move to the converted mode C. This kind of design can form the basis for a new generation of multi-wavelength-tunable bandpass optical filtering mode converting, add/drop multiplexing and optical switching.     

一种新的过零单边干涉图切趾加权函数

提出一种新的切趾函数,用此切趾函数对过零单边干涉图加权,使具有相同光程差的两点光强与旋转因子的乘积之和为它们的平均值,减小了由于计算过程中零光程差点附近的数据被利用两次造成的误差.研究结果表明:与Mertz提出的切趾函数相比,本文提出的切趾函数对非对称性较严重的过零单边干涉图数据处理有更好的加权效果,能够有效减小光谱失真,同时计算效率得到了一定程度的提高,可广泛应用到傅里叶变换光谱仪中的过零单边干涉图处理中.