A planar relativistic electron beam in a plasma channel bounded by conducting walls

The force interaction of a relativistic electron beam with a plasma in a channel bounded by planegeometry highly conducting walls is studied. The steady-state interaction regime, ω=ku, is analyzed using the model of a cold collisional electron plasma. The formulas for the transverse component of the force acting on the beam electrons are derived for an arbitrary deviation of the beam from the symmetry plane of the channel.     

Linear analysis of a three-dimensional rectangular Cerenkov maser with a sheet electron beam

A linear theory of a rectangular Cerenkov maser (RCM) with a sheet electron beam is developed by using the field-match method. Based on the three-dimensional beam-wave interaction model proposed in this paper, a hybrid-mode dispersion equation and its analytical solution are derived for the RCM. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the beam-grating gap, beam thickness, current density, beam voltage and waveguide width on the linear growth rate are analysed. Moreover, the performance difference between the RCM with the closed transverse boundary and that with the upper open boundary is compared. The results show that the closed RCM model can avoid the effect of RF radiation on beam-wave interaction, which is more rational for practical applications.     

Calculation of force exerted by the Ohmic plasma channel on a relativistic electron beam propagating in a dense gas-plasma medium

The problem on the interaction of an Ohmic plasma channel displaced in the transverse direction with a paraxial azimuthally symmetric relativistic electron beam propagating in a dense gas-plasma medium is considered. The formula for determining the force of the beam-plasma interaction is derived using the “hard” model of the beam and the channel in the case of an arbitrary displacement of the symmetry axis of the plasma channel relative to the corresponding axis of the beam. The forces are calculated in the Bennett and Gauss approximations for the radial profiles of the beam and the channel.     

高电流密度圆柱状电子光学系统设计

设计了高电流密度圆柱状电子枪,并分析了枪体参数对电子注品质的影响;运用径向力平衡理论计算了聚焦磁场.三维模拟软件CSTPARTICLESTUDIO模拟显示,在枪体电极和空间电荷形成的静电场,以及聚焦磁场作用下,电子呈角向先变速后匀速螺旋状运动,其旋转半径始终与出射阴极面时的半径相同,从而在枪区和互作用通道内维持了注包络水平.模拟结果与设计理论相符.注平均电流密度达到24·4A/cm2,层流性良好,填充因子76·7%,流通率100%.     

介质加载的矩形截面Cerenkov脉塞中带状电子注与慢波结构互作用的研究

本文建立了介质加载的矩形截面Cerenkov脉塞中带状电子注与慢波结构互作用的三维物理模型. 采用Borgnis函数法和场匹配法求解了多层介质中场的匹配问题, 获得了注波互作用结构的混合模热色散方程(含电子注)及其近似解. 通过数值计算, 分析了热态下介质层厚度、电子注电压、电流密度、电子注厚度及电子注与 介质层间隙距离等主要结构和电参数对注波互作用增长率的影响.     

Ka波段带状注相对论扩展互作用速调管放大器的分析与设计

带状注相对论扩展互作用速调管放大器是一种高功率、高频率的微波毫米波放大型器件, 具有广阔的应用前景. 本文分析了扩展互作用结构多间隙谐振腔的渡越时间效应, 推导了2π模场情况下谐振腔的能量交换系数和电子负载电导, 且通过计算表明工作在2π模式三间隙腔的电子负载电导是单间隙腔的9倍左右, 多间隙结构有利于提高器件效率. 利用三维粒子仿真软件, 对工作在Ka波段的带状注相对论扩展互作用速调管放大器进行了模拟研究, 采用宽高比为30:1的带状电子束以降低空间电荷效应, 在电子束电压为500 kV, 束流为1 kA, 轴向引导磁感应强度为0.8 T的情况下, 器件输出微波功率为190 MW, 频率为40 GHz, 器件效率为38%, 器件增益为69 dB.     

The Beam-Wave Interaction in a Ka-Band Relativistic Coupled-Cavity TWT

By the method of the eigen mode expansion, a full three-dimensional (3-D) model has been developed that can be used to investigate the beam-wave interaction in a high-power, Ka-band relativistic coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube (TWT). In the tube studied by us, a sever in the interaction section is used to restrain the oscillation of RF electromagnetic fields between the input and output end. In this case, the asymmetric hybrid HTM₁₁ mode has little impact on the main interaction process ^[1,2], so the RF electromagnetic fields mainly interacting with the modulated electron beam belong to the symmetric mode TM₀₁. The presented model includes three-dimensional RF fields, three-dimensional electron motions, and improved three-dimensional space-charge fields including dc and ac space-charge fields. Moreover, this model can also calculate backward radiation excited by modulated electron beam and the direct effect of the transverse electron motion on the energy exchange. Our calculation results show that the space-charge field has evident effect on the interaction process, the transverse electron motion has some, and the backward radiation has little.     

Linear theory of beam–wave interaction in double-slot coupled cavity travelling wave tube

A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure(CCSWS) with a solid round electron beam for the beam–wave interaction is presented. Based on the "cold" dispersion, the "hot" dispersion equation is derived with the Maxwell equations by using the variable separation method and the field-matching method. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the electron beam parameters and the staggered angle between adjacent walls on the linear gain are analyzed.     

Diagnostics of a hollow relativistic electron beam from the transfer function of a converting target

Methods for measuring angular, geometrical, and energy characteristics of a hollow relativistic electron beam using the transfer function of a converting target are developed. A relationship between the anisotropy parameters of bremsstrahlung behind the target, angular characteristics of electrons, and geometrical parameters of the electron beam in the target plane is established. The energy balance equation that describes the interaction between the electron beam and converting target is studied. The transfer function of the target and its behavior versus electron energy are found. The time and integral characteristics of the electron beam are examined.     

Study of a 35-GHz third-harmonic low-voltage complex cavitygyrotron

A self consistent nonlinear theoretical model for a complex cavity gyrotron with abrupt transitions is presented in this paper. The model accounts for mode conversion in the transition region of the complex cavity through the general theory of modal expansion techniques. The interaction between the electron beam and TE₆₁/TE₆₂ RF field in the step cavity for a third-harmonic gyrotron is simulated; many calculations are carried out under different electron beam parameters     

电子束长程传输中离子通道的振荡特性研究

离子通道可以有效抑制电子束在等离子体环境内传输过程中的径向扩散,已有工作研究了离子通道对电子束的影响,但离子通道建立过程和暂态特性研究则更有助于理解和利用离子通道在电子束长程传输中的作用。本文利用PIC方法对离子通道的时空分布进行二维模拟,并基于单粒子理论推导出描述离子通道振荡的解析模型,对上述两种模型的结果相互校验。上述模型的计算结果表明,在长程传输过程中,相对论电子束在等离子体内部建立的离子通道是持续周期振荡的,电子束密度、电子束初始半径以及环境等离子体密度都会对离子通道的振荡规律产生影响,针对不同的等离子体环境选择合适的电子束参数可以有效提高离子通道的稳定性,进而提升传输过程中电子束的束流质量。     

Calculation of the Electron Efficiency for a Two-Cavity Gyroklystron Amplifier by Using a Self-Consistent Code

The beam-wave interaction in a Ka-band, two-cavity fundamental gyroklystron amplifier is studied by using a self-consistent nonlinear simulation code. The electron efficiency for this gyroklystron amplifier is calculated, and the effect of various parameters, such as beam voltage, beam current, electron guiding center radius, velocity pitch ratio and drift tube length on the electron efficiency is discussed in detail.     

基于Tesla变压器和螺旋线的长脉冲发生器

提出了一种结构紧凑的长脉冲发生器，该发生器的螺旋型形成线包含有磁性材料构成的内导体棒和外屏蔽。形成线通过内置的高耦合Tesla变压器充电，变压器的初级线圈紧靠外磁芯导体，次级线圈位于螺旋中筒和外筒之间。对这种结构的螺旋线进行了特征参数的理论计算和波传输数值模拟，并进行了简单的原理验证实验。实验结果表明:这种设计是合理的、可行的。     

Beam lifetime measurement and analysis in Indus-2 electron storage ring

In this paper, the beam lifetime measurement and its theoretical analysis are presented using measured vacuum pressure and applied radio frequency (RF) cavity voltage in Indus-2 electron storage ring at 2 GeV beam energy. Experimental studies of the effect of RF cavity voltage and bunched beam filling pattern on beam lifetime are also presented. An equation of stable beam current decay is evolved and this equation closely follows the observed beam current decay pattern. It shows that the beam is stable and the beam current decay is due to the beam–residual gas interaction (vacuum lifetime) and electron–electron interaction within a bunch (Touschek lifetime). The estimated vacuum, Touschek and total beam lifetimes from analytical formulations are also compared with the measured beam lifetime.     

Effect of longitudinal space-charge waves of a helical relativisticelectron beam on the cyclotron maser instability

The influence of the longitudinal space-charge waves of a coherently gyrophased helical relativistic electron beam on the cyclotron maser instability is investigated in a cylindrical waveguide configuration using a three-dimensional kinetic theory. A dispersion relation that includes waveguide effects is derived. The stability properties of the cyclotron maser interaction are examined in detail. It is shown that, in general, the effects of space-charge waves on a coherently gyrophased beam are suppressed in a waveguide geometry, in comparison with an ideal one-dimensional cyclotron maser with similar beam parameters     

基于伽辽金级数的空间电荷场计算模型

利用局部伽辽金矩量法,建立了电子注空间电荷场的2.5维计算模型. 将空间电荷场在径向展开为各个模式的叠加,利用伽辽金级数表示,通过求解其系数方程组, 最终求得空间电荷场.利用本文的模型,计算分析了电子注空间电荷场的特性, 并研究了模型中仿真参量对空间电荷场计算结果的影响.本文的空间电荷场计算模型利用粒子模拟基本方法, 可以应用到速调管注波互作用计算模型中.     

Development of a 2 MW relativistic backward wave oscillator

In this paper, a high power relativistic backward wave oscillator (BWO) experiment is reported. A 230 keV, 2 kA, 150 ns relativistic electron beam is generated using a Marx generator. The beam is then injected into a hollow rippled wall metallic cylindrical tube that forms a slow wave structure. The beam is guided using an axial pulsed magnetic field having a peak value 1 T and duration 1 ms. The field is generated by the discharge of a capacitor bank into a solenoidal coil. A synchronization circuit ensures the generation of the electron beam at the instant when the axial magnetic field attains its peak value. The beam interacts with the SWS modes and generates microwaves due to Cherenkov interaction. Estimated power of 2 MW in TM₀₁ mode is observed.      

Third-harmonic complex cavity gyrotron self-consistent nonlinearanalysis

Starting from general transmission line equations with an electron beam source, a self-consistent nonlinear theoretical model for a complex cavity gyrotron with gradual transitions is presented in this paper. The model accounts for mode coupling in the transition region of the complex cavity. The interaction between the electron beam and H₆₁-H ₆₂ RF field in the complex cavity for a third-harmonic gyrotron is simulated; many calculations are carried out under different cavity dimensions and electron beam parameters     

Observation of fine structures in laser-driven electron beams using coherent transition radiation

We have measured the coherent optical transition radiation emitted by an electron beam from laser-plasma interaction. The measurement of the spectrum of the radiation reveals fine structures of the electron beam in the range 400-1000 nm. These structures are reproduced using an electron distribution from a 3D particle-in-cell simulation and are attributed to microbunching of the electron bunch due to its interaction with the laser field. When the radiator is placed closer to the interaction point, spectral oscillations have also been recorded, signature of the interference of the radiation produced by two electron bunches delayed by 74 fs. The second electron bunch duration is shown to be ultrashort to match the intensity level of the radiation. Whereas transition radiation was used at longer wavelengths in order to estimate the electron bunch length, this study focuses on the ultrashort structures of the electron beam.