CP-MAS 207Pb with 19F decoupling NMR spectroscopy: medium range investigation in fluoride materials

The isotropic chemical shift of 207Pb is used to perform structural investigations of crystalline fluoride compounds (PbF2, Pb2ZnF6, PbGaF5, Pb3Ga2F12 and Pb9Ga2F24) and transition metal fluoride glasses (TMFG) of the PZG family (PbF2-ZnF2-GaF3). Using 207Pb Cross Polarisation Magic Angle Spinning (CP-MAS) NMR with 19F decoupling, it is shown that the isotropic chemical shift of 207Pb varies on a large scale (1000 ppm) and that the main changes of its value are not due to the nearest neighbour fluorines but may be related to the number of next nearest neighbour (nnn) Pb2+ ions. In this way, it is demonstrated that 207Pb chemical shift is an interesting probe to investigate medium range order in either crystalline or glassy fluoride systems. The 207Pb delta(iso) parameter has been linearly correlated to the number of nnn Pb2+ ions.     

207Pb NMR of minium, Pb3O4: evidence for the [Pb2]4+ ion and possible relativistic effects in the Pb-Pb bond

Solid Pb3O4 has been studied with 207Pb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The 207Pb NMR chemical-shift tensor of the Pb2+ site has principal values of delta11 = 1980 +/- 5 ppm, delta22 = 1540 +/- 5 ppm, and delta33 = -1108 +/- 10 ppm; delta(iso) = 804 +/- 10 ppm. The chemical-shift tensor of the Pb4+ site is axial, with principal values delta(parallel) = -1009 +/- 3 ppm and delta(perpendicular) = 1132 +/- 3 ppm; delta(iso) = -1091 +/- 3 ppm. The Pb4+-Pb2+ scalar coupling constant J(Pb-Pb) = 2.3 +/- 0.1 kHz. The main contribution to the Pb2- chemical-shift anisotropy is proposed to arise from an exchange interaction in the Pb2+-Pb2+ pairs, conventionally regarded as molecular [Pb2]4+ ions.     

Simultaneous measurement of beta- decay to bound and continuum electron states

We report the first measurement of a ratio lambda(beta(b))/lambda(beta(c)) of bound-state ((lambda(beta(b))) and continuum-state (lambda(beta(c))) beta(-)-decay rates for the case of bare 207Tl81+ ions. These ions were produced at the GSI fragment separator FRS by projectile fragmentation of a 208Pb beam. After in-flight separation with the Brho-deltaE-Brho method, they were injected into the experimental storage-ring ESR at an energy of 400.5A MeV, stored, and electron cooled. The number of both the 207Tl81+ ions and their bound-state beta(-)-decay daughters, hydrogen-like 207Pb81+ ions, were measured as a function of storage time by recording their Schottky-noise intensities. The experimental result, lambda(beta(b))/lambda(beta(c)) = 0.188(18), is in very good agreement with the value of 0.171(1) obtained from theory employing spectra of allowed transitions.     

Investigation of di-nuclear systems as entrance channel to fusion

We investigated the capture stage and successive nucleon transfer from the projectile to the target in the superheavy system ⁶⁴ ₂₈Ni + ²⁰⁷  ₈₂Pb (Z _proj. + Z _target = 110) . The target-like transfer products were detected at forward angles of (0±2) degrees, such, we selected nuclei resulting from central collisions. The data reveal several analogies to cold fusion reactions leading to superheavy elements. The observations are in accordance with the two-center shell model. The experiments have been performed at the velocity filter SHIP at GSI.     

Pb2+对鱼肠DNA光谱特性的影响

利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱、电泳手段研究了不同浓度Pb2+与鱼肠DNA的相互作用. 紫外吸收光谱测试表明 随着Pb2+的加入, DNA产生明显的减色效应, 同时DNA的207 nm峰发生明显蓝移; 荧光发射光谱结果表明, 随着Pb2+的加入, DNA荧光发射强度逐渐降低, Pb2+在DNA上的结合位点数为0.8个, Pb2+引起DNA的荧光猝灭属于静态猝灭, 结合位点的结合常数分别为6.08×104和2.82×104 L·mol-1; 电泳结果表明, 不同浓度的外源Pb2+处理未引起DNA的断裂. 认为外源Pb2+ 对DNA的构象有一定的破坏作用, 但并不引起DNA的断裂.     

Angular dependence of the207Pb NMR linewidth in Pb(NO3)2 due to14N—207Pb direct dipole-dipole interaction

NMR signals of²⁰⁷Pb²⁺ have been measured in a single crystal of Pb(NO₃)₂. For rotation axes perpendicular to the static magnetic field and perpendicular to the (100) or (011) plane the linewidths of these signals vary by a factor 2 for different rotation angles of the single crystal. This dependence of the linewidth on the orientation has been explained by a¹⁴N —²⁰⁷Pb direct dipole-dipole coupling and it has been used to assign the different Pb²⁺ NMR signals to the different Pb²⁺ sites in the cubic unit cell of Pb(NO₃)₂.     

光谱学研究重金属离子参与下对甲萘威与ctDNA相互作用的影响

应用紫外、荧光光谱分析方法,研究了离体条件八种重金属参与下对农药甲萘威与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用的影响。当有不同重金属离子参与时,甲萘威的猝灭常数及其结合位点数都发生了不同的变化。通过计算和分析,重金属离子对甲萘威与ct-DNA的加合物的影响程度为Pb2+>Ag+>Cu2+>Ni2+>Co2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Cr3+。通过400 mol·L－1的不同金属离子对ctDNA的作用研究,得出不同离子对DNA的双螺旋结构的破坏能力强弱依次为：Pb2+>Cd2+>Ag+>Co2+>Zn2+≈Cu2+>Ni2+>Cr2+。两种光谱所得结果表明不同重金属离子对DNA的作用机理不同。     

The new isotope 270110 and its decay products 266Hs and 262Sg

The even-even nucleus ²⁷⁰110 was synthesized using the reaction ⁶⁴Ni + ²⁰⁷Pb. A total of eight α-decay chains was measured during an irradiation time of seven days. Decay data were obtained for the ground-state and a high-spin K isomer. The new nuclei ²⁶⁶Hs and ²⁶²Sg were identified as daughter products after α-decay. Spontaneous fission of ²⁶²Sg terminates the decay chain. The measured data are in agreement with calculations using the macroscopic-microscopic model and with self-consistent HFB calculations with Skyrme-Sly4 interaction. Received: 27 November 2000 / Accepted: 16 January 2001     

Nuclear orientation and NMR/ON of205,207Po

^205,207Po have keen implanted with an isotope separator on-line into cold host matrices of Fe, Ni, Zn and Be. Nuclear magnetic resonance of oriented²⁰⁷Po has been observed in Fe and Ni, of²⁰⁵Po in Fe. The resonance frequencies for zero external field are $$\begin{gathered} v_L (^{207} Po\underline {Fe} ) = 575.08(20)MHz \hfill \\ v_L (^{207} Po\underline {Ni} ) = 160.1(8)MHz \hfill \\ v_L (^{205} Po\underline {Fe} ) = 551.7(8)MHz. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ From the dependence of the resonance frequency on external magnetic field theg-factor of²⁰⁷Po was derived as $$g(^{207} Po) = + 0.31(22).$$ Using this value the magnetic hyperfine fields of Po in Fe and Ni were obtained as $$\begin{gathered} B_{hf} (Po\underline {Fe} ) = + 238(16)T \hfill \\ B_{hf} (Po\underline {Ni} ) = 66.3(4.6)T. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ Theg-factor of²⁰⁵Po follows as $$g(^{205} Po) = + 0.304(22).$$ From the temperature dependence of the anisotropies ofγ-lines in the decay of^205,207Po the multipole mixing of several transitions was derived. The electric interaction frequenciesv _Q=eQV_zz/h in the hosts Zn and Be were measured as $$\begin{gathered} v_Q (^{207} Po\underline {Zn} ) = + 42(3)MHz \hfill \\ v_Q (^{207} Po\underline {Be} ) = - 70(20)MHz \hfill \\ v_Q (^{205} Po\underline {Be} ) = - 42(17)MHz. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$      

类氢离子基态超精细结构的理论研究

利用相对论多组态Dirac-Fock方法,系统计算了类氢离子165Ho66+, 185Re74+,187Re74+,207Pb81+, 209Bi82+, 203TI80+和205TI80+的基态超精细结构分裂以及相应的基态跃迁波长,并与相关实验数据及其它理论结果进行了对比.     

First observation of (s+d)-wave mixing in low-energy elastic neutron scattering

A large (s+d)-wave mixing is observed in the 256 KeV (J^π = 1^?) resonance in ²⁰⁷Pb + n. A possible interpretation in terms of neutron particle-hole states is discussed.     

靶室散射对ICF中子产额用铅活化法测量准确性的影响

 通过用MCNP4B程序计算在铅样品中的来源于靶室散射中子的注量和来源于未经靶室散射的源中子注量，结合由ENDF/B-Vi评价数据库给出的中子铅活化核反应截面，得到了在铅样品周围存在不同屏蔽材料时，神光Ⅱ靶室散射对聚变中子产额用铅活化法测量准确性影响小于1‰的结果。     

Isotopic Dependence of Fragment Production Cross Sections in the Reactions of Deuterons on Enriched Lead and Tin Isotopes

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The isoscaling behavior of the fragment production cross section was studied for reactions with deuterons on enriched lead targets (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb). The...     

Energy dependence of Lévy stability and multi-fractal spectrum in e<Superscript>+</Superscript>e<Superscript>−</Superscript> collisions

Various nuclear reactions like quasi-fission, fusion-fission or particle and cluster evaporation from excited compound nuclei were studied in heavy-ion reactions at the velocity filter SHIP of GSI. The velocity filter offers the possibility to detect all reaction products under zero degree relative to the beam direction. Together with the measurement of the product velocity distribution this allows for an identification of the underlying reaction mechanism. This article is focussed on reactions of ²⁵Mg and ⁶⁴Ni beams on ^{206, 207}Pb targets at energies of 5.9×AMeV and 8.7×AMeV . Besides evaporation residues from ²⁵Mg + ²⁰⁶Pb collisions we found evidence for rotation and quasi-fission of nuclear molecules formed in the entrance channel after the capture stage. The break-up of the systems showed a preferred clustering leading to isotopes in the region 84 ⩽ Z ⩽ 88 and 122 ⩽ N ⩽ 127 of the chart of nuclei.     

Fission time measurements: a new probe into superheavy element stability

Reaction mechanism analyses performed with a 4pi detector for the systems 208Pb + Ge, 238U + Ni and 238U + Ge, combined with analyses of the associated reaction time distributions, provide us with evidence for nuclei with Z=120 and 124 living longer than 10(-18) s and arising from highly excited compound nuclei. By contrast, the neutron deficient nuclei with Z=114 possibly formed in 208Pb + Ge reactions have shorter lifetimes, close to or below the sensitivity limit of the experiment.     

Structure and reaction calculations in the RPA

The cross sections for the reaction²⁰⁷Pb (n, n′)²⁰⁷pb^* and the influence of continuum coupling on states in²⁰⁸Pb are discussed within the framework of the RPA.     

Production of residual radioactive nuclei in thin <Superscript>209</Superscript>Bi, <Superscript>nat</Superscript>Pb, <Superscript>206</Superscript>Pb, <Superscript>207</Superscript>Pb,and <Superscript>208</Superscript>Pb targets bombarded with 0.04–2.6 GeV protons

The results of the experimental measurement and numerical simulation of the cross sections for residual radioactive nuclei production in thin ²⁰⁹Bi, ^natPb, ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb targets bombarded with protons in the energy range from 0.04 to 2.6 GeV are reported. The nuclide production cross sections were measured using γ spectrometry with a high-resolution Ge detector. The experimental data include a total of 5972 reaction cross sections at 11 proton energy values. The results are compared to the data from other laboratories reported in 80 papers. The model calculations were carried out using eight simulation code packages: LAHET, INCL4 + ABLA, CEM03, LAQGSM + GEM2, CASCADE, CASCADE-2004, CASCADO, and LAHETO. A detailed analysis of discrepancies between the measured and calculated data is presented.     

Hyperfine structure and isotope shifts in 733.2 nm mixed forbidden line of Pb I

Studies of the hyperfine structure and isotope shifts in 733.2 nm mixed (M1+E2) multipole line of Pb I are presented. As a light source the electrodeless discharge tube was used. The high resolution spectral apparatus consisted of a silver coated Fabry-Perot etalon and a grating spectrograph combined with a CCD camera used as a detector. In the analysis of the spectra a computer simulation technique was used. The experiments with the isotope ²⁰⁷Pb yielded the hyperfine structure splitting constant A for the ³P₁ and ¹D₂ levels of the 6s²6p² ground configuration. In the experiment with natural lead the isotope shifts between four stable isotopes (204, 206, 207, 208) were measured.     

Isotopic effect in the energy dependence of the total fission cross section of lead and 209Bi nuclei for protons with energies up to 1 GeV

The results from measurements of the total fission cross sections of ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb nuclei for protons with energies from 207 to 1000 MeV and a step of ≈100 MeV. These results complemented by our data for ²⁰⁹Bi and the data of the EXFOR world base allow determination of absolute and relative contributions of the isotopic effect.     

Gross structure in excitation functions for207Pb(p,p′)207Pb in the region of overlapping isobaric analogue resonances

Prominent resonances in the reaction²⁰⁷Pb(p, p′)²⁰⁷Pb leading to the low-lying states in²⁰⁷Pb(1/2^? g.s., 5/2^? 0.57 MeV, 3/2^? 0.89 MeV, 7/2^? 2.33 MeV) are observed betweenE _p =16 and 18 MeV. The structures in the excitation functions are interpreted as being due to analogues of states in²⁰⁸Pb which are mixtures of neutron particle-hole configurations.