Improved measurement of the form factors in the decay lambda+c-->lambda + nue

Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have studied the distribution of kinematic variables in the decay lambda(+)(c)lambda--> e(+)nu(e). By performing a four-dimensional maximum likelihood fit, we determine the form factor ratio, R= f(2)/f(1) = -0.31 +/- 0.05(stat) +/- 0.04(syst), the pole mass, M(pole) = [2.21 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.14(syst)] GeV/c(2), and the decay asymmetry parameter of the lambda(+)(c), alpha (lambda(c)) = -0.86 +/-0.03(stat) +/- 0.02(syst), for q(2) = 0.67 (GeV/c(2))(2). We compare the angular distributions of the lambda(+)(c) and lambda(-)(c) and find no evidence for CP violation: A(lambda(c)) = (alpha(lambda(c)) + alpha (lambda(c)))/(alpha(lambda(c))-alpha(lambda(c))) = 0.00 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.01(syst) +/- 0.02, where the third error is from the uncertainty in the world average of the CP-violating parameter, A(lambda), for ppi(-).     

Unusual thermodynamic properties and nonergodicity in ferroelectric superlattices

The properties of [Pb(Zr(1-x(1))Ti(x(1)))O(3)](n)/[Pb(Zr(1-x(2))Ti(x(2)))O(3)](n) superlattices, with a 2n period, are simulated using an ab initio based approach. The x(1) and x(2) compositions are chosen to be located across the morphotropic phase boundary of the corresponding disordered alloys, while the (x(1)+x(2))/2 average composition lies inside this boundary. These superlattices exhibit an unusual thermodynamic phase transition sequence, including a triclinic ground state. They also have the kind of peculiar free-energy landscape yielding nonergodicity. The effects responsible for these anomalies are discussed.     

Mass relation for neutrinos

A generalization of the well-known Georgi-Jarlskog relation (m(&mgr;)/m(tau)) = 3(m(s)/m(b)) to neutrinos is found in the context of SO(10). This new relation is (m(nu(&mgr;))/m(nu(tau))) = 16(m(c)/m(t)), which is consistent with present data, assuming the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein solution to the solar neutrino problem.     

Time modulation of the beta{+}-decay rate of H-like 140Pr58+ ions

Recent experimental data at GSI on the rates of the number of daughter ions, produced by the nuclear K-shell electron capture (EC) decays of the H-like ions 140Pr58+ and 142Pm60+, suggest that they are modulated in time with periods T_{EC} approximately 7 sec and amplitudes a_{EC} approximately 0.20. Since it is known that these ions are unstable also under the nuclear positron (beta;{+}) decays, we study a possible time dependence of the nuclear beta;{+}-decay rate of the H-like 140Pr58+ ion. We show that the time dependence of the beta;{+}-decay rate of the H-like 140Pr58+ ion as well as any H-like heavy ions cannot be observed.     

Multiplicity distribution and spectra of negatively charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions at square root of (sNN) = 130 GeV

The minimum-bias multiplicity distribution and the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions have been measured for negative hadrons ( h(-)) in Au+Au interactions at square root of ([s(NN)]) = 130 GeV. The multiplicity density at midrapidity for the 5% most central interactions is dN(h(-))/d(eta)/(eta = 0) = 280+/-1(stat)+/-20(syst), an increase per participant of 38% relative to pp collisions at the same energy. The mean transverse momentum is 0.508+/-0.012 GeV/c and is larger than in central Pb+Pb collisions at lower energies. The scaling of the h(-) yield per participant is a strong function of p( perpendicular). The pseudorapidity distribution is almost constant within /eta/<1.     

207Pb NMR of minium, Pb3O4: evidence for the [Pb2]4+ ion and possible relativistic effects in the Pb-Pb bond

Solid Pb3O4 has been studied with 207Pb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The 207Pb NMR chemical-shift tensor of the Pb2+ site has principal values of delta11 = 1980 +/- 5 ppm, delta22 = 1540 +/- 5 ppm, and delta33 = -1108 +/- 10 ppm; delta(iso) = 804 +/- 10 ppm. The chemical-shift tensor of the Pb4+ site is axial, with principal values delta(parallel) = -1009 +/- 3 ppm and delta(perpendicular) = 1132 +/- 3 ppm; delta(iso) = -1091 +/- 3 ppm. The Pb4+-Pb2+ scalar coupling constant J(Pb-Pb) = 2.3 +/- 0.1 kHz. The main contribution to the Pb2- chemical-shift anisotropy is proposed to arise from an exchange interaction in the Pb2+-Pb2+ pairs, conventionally regarded as molecular [Pb2]4+ ions.     

CP-MAS 207Pb with 19F decoupling NMR spectroscopy: medium range investigation in fluoride materials

The isotropic chemical shift of 207Pb is used to perform structural investigations of crystalline fluoride compounds (PbF2, Pb2ZnF6, PbGaF5, Pb3Ga2F12 and Pb9Ga2F24) and transition metal fluoride glasses (TMFG) of the PZG family (PbF2-ZnF2-GaF3). Using 207Pb Cross Polarisation Magic Angle Spinning (CP-MAS) NMR with 19F decoupling, it is shown that the isotropic chemical shift of 207Pb varies on a large scale (1000 ppm) and that the main changes of its value are not due to the nearest neighbour fluorines but may be related to the number of next nearest neighbour (nnn) Pb2+ ions. In this way, it is demonstrated that 207Pb chemical shift is an interesting probe to investigate medium range order in either crystalline or glassy fluoride systems. The 207Pb delta(iso) parameter has been linearly correlated to the number of nnn Pb2+ ions.     

Precise determination of the 2s(1/2)-2p(1/2) splitting in very heavy lithiumlike ions utilizing dielectronic recombination

The 2s(1/2)-2p(1/2) energy splittings DeltaE(L) of the lithiumlike ions 19779Au76+, 20882Pb79+, and 23892U89+ have been measured at the Experimental Storage Ring, utilizing low energy dielectronic recombination. The resonance energies in total 41 different 1s(2) 2p(1/2)nl(j(')) (n > or =20) autoionizing Rydberg states populated in the dielectronic capture process have been determined. The 2s(1/2)-->2p(1/2) excitation energies have been obtained by extrapolation of these resonance energies to the associated series limits n--> infinity. The combined analysis of the experimental data for all three ions yields DeltaE(L)=216.134(96) eV for Au76+, 230.650(81) eV for Pb79+, and 280.516(99) eV for U89+.     

Anticharmed pentaquark from B decays

We explore the possibility of observing the anticharmed pentaquark state from the theta(c)npi(+) decay of B mesons produced in B-factory experiments. We first show that the observed branching ratio of the B(+) to lambda(-)(c)p pi(+), as well as its open histograms, can be remarkably well explained by assuming that the decay proceeds first through the pi(+) D(0) (or D(*0)) decay, and then through the subsequent decay of the virtual D(0) or D(*0) mesons to lambda(-)(c)p. We then note that the theta(c)can be similarly produced when the virtual D(0) or D(*0) decay into an antinucleon and a theta(c). Combining the present theoretical estimates for the ratio g(DNlambda(c))/g(DNtheta(c)) approximately 13 and g(D*Ntheta(c)) approximately 1/3g(DNtheta(c)), we find that the anticharmed pentaquark theta(c), which was predicted to be bound by several model calculations, can be produced via B(+)--> theta(c)npi(+), and be observed from the B-factory experiments through the weak decay of theta(c)--> pK(+) pi(-) pi(-).     

类氢离子基态超精细结构的理论研究

利用相对论多组态Dirac-Fock方法,系统计算了类氢离子165Ho66+, 185Re74+,187Re74+,207Pb81+, 209Bi82+, 203TI80+和205TI80+的基态超精细结构分裂以及相应的基态跃迁波长,并与相关实验数据及其它理论结果进行了对比.     

Experimental investigation of the two-photon widths of the chi(c0) and the chi(c2) mesons

Using 12.7 fb(-1) of data collected with the CLEO detector at CESR, we observed two-photon production of the cc states chi(c0) and chi(c2) in their decay to pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-). We measured gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c))xB(chi(c)-->pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-)) to be 75+/-13(stat)+/-8(syst) eV for the chi(c0) and 6.4+/-1.8(stat)+/-0.8(syst) eV for the chi(c2), implying gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c0)) = 3.76+/-0.65(stat)+/-0.41(syst)+/-1.69(br) keV and gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c2)) = 0.53+/-0.15(stat)+/-0.06(syst)+/-0.22(br) keV. Also, cancellation of dominant experimental and theoretical uncertainties permits a precise comparison of gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c0))/gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c2)), evaluated to be 7.4+/-2.4(stat)+/-0.5(syst)+/-0.9(br), with QCD-based predictions.     

Superconductivity due to charge transfer to the CuO2 sheet from the (Tl,Pb) O layer in Tl0.5Pb0.5Sr2−xNdxCuO5−δ

The superconductivity of Tl_0.5Pb_0.5Sr_2−xNd_xCuO_5−δ was observed for x ≥ 0.3, although the calculated Cu valence assuming Tl³⁺ and Pb⁴⁺ is slightly above or below 2.0. The binding energy of the Tl and Pb 4f core levels measured by XPS shifted to higher energy than those of Tl³⁺ and Pb⁴⁺ in the reference materials, showing that the Tl and Pb valences are lower than 3 + and 4 +, respectively. These observations strongly suggest that holes in the CuO₂ sheet are created by charge transfer from the (Tl,Pb)O layer, similar to the double-layered Tl---Ba cuprates.

In contrast, the temperature variation of electrical conductivity of Tl_0.5Pb_0.5Sr₂CuO_5−δ changed from metallic to semiconducting with increasing oxygen deficiency, δ, and no superconductivity was observed through any control of δ. Although XPS measurement also suggested that Tl and Pb valences lowered with increasing oxygen deficiency, δ, the reason why the system did not show superconductivity can be understood by the depletion of oxygen from the CuO₂ plane during deoxygenation.     

Observation of the decay xi0 --> sigma+ mu- nu(mu)

The xi0 muon semileptonic decay has been observed for the first time with nine identified events using the KTeV beam line and detector at Fermilab. The decay is normalized to the xi0 beta decay mode and yields a value for the ratio of decay rates gamma(xi0 --> sigma+ mu- nu(mu))/gamma(xi0 --> sigma+ e- nu(e)) of [1.8(-0.5)(+0.7)(stat) +/- 0.2(syst)] x 10(-2). This is in agreement with the SU(3) flavor symmetric quark model.     

Characteristics of driven polymer surfaces: growth and roughness

Using a Monte Carlo simulation, the growth and roughness characteristics of polymer surfaces are studied in 2+1 dimensions. Kink-jump and reptation dynamics are used to move polymer chains under a driving field where they deposit onto an impenetrable attractive wall. Effects of field (E), chain length (L(c)), and the substrate size (L) on the growing surfaces are studied. In low field, the interface width (W) shows a crossover from one power-law growth in time (W approximately t(beta(1))) to another (W approximately t(beta(2))), before reaching its asymptotic value (W(s)), with beta(1)( approximately 0.5+/-0.1)相似文献   

Production of chi(c1) and chi(c2) in pp collisions at sqrt[S] = 1.8 TeV

We have measured the ratio of prompt production rates of the charmonium states chi(c1) and chi(c2) in 110 pb(-1) of pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.8 TeV. The photon from their decay into J/psi(gamma) is reconstructed through conversion into e+e- pairs. The energy resolution this technique provides makes the resolution of the two states possible. We find the ratio of production cross sections sigma(chi(c2))/sigma(chi(c1)) = 0.96+/-0.27(stat)+/-0.11(syst) for events with pT(J/psi) > 4.0 GeV/c, /eta(J/psi)/ < 0.6, and pT(gamma) > 1.0 GeV/c.     

Harmonic measure and winding of conformally invariant curves

The exact joint multifractal distribution for the scaling and winding of the electrostatic potential lines near any conformally invariant scaling curve is derived in two dimensions. Its spectrum f(alpha,lambda) gives the Hausdorff dimension of the points where the potential scales with distance r as H approximately r(alpha) while the curve logarithmically spirals with a rotation angle phi=lambdalnr. It obeys the scaling law f(alpha,lambda)=(1+lambda(2))f(alpha)-blambda(2) with alpha=alpha/(1+lambda(2)) and b=(25-c)/12, and where f(alpha) identical with f(alpha,0) is the pure harmonic measure spectrum, and c the conformal central charge. The results apply to O(N) and Potts models, as well as to stochastic L?wner evolution.     

The isotopes259106,260106, and261106

In irradiations of²⁰⁷Pb and²⁰⁸Pb, respectively, with⁵⁴Cr theα-decay of the isotopes²⁵⁹106,²⁶⁰106, and²⁶¹106 could be observed for the first time. For²⁶⁰106 a spontaneous fission branch of (50 _?20 ⁺³⁰ )% was observed. The isotopes were identified by genetic relationships of α-decay after separation in-flight with the velocity filter SHIP and implantation into a position-sensitive silicon surface-barrier detector. The measured partial fission halflife of the doubly even isotope²⁶⁰106 of (7.2 _?2.7 ^+4.8 )ms exceeds the predicted values by at least a factor of 40. This result could be explained by the high shell corrections of the ground state mass, derived from the measured α-decay energies. The experimental results show evidence for an island of purely shell stabilized nuclei in the region of deformed isotopes beyond the actinides.     

The new isotope 270110 and its decay products 266Hs and 262Sg

The even-even nucleus ²⁷⁰110 was synthesized using the reaction ⁶⁴Ni + ²⁰⁷Pb. A total of eight α-decay chains was measured during an irradiation time of seven days. Decay data were obtained for the ground-state and a high-spin K isomer. The new nuclei ²⁶⁶Hs and ²⁶²Sg were identified as daughter products after α-decay. Spontaneous fission of ²⁶²Sg terminates the decay chain. The measured data are in agreement with calculations using the macroscopic-microscopic model and with self-consistent HFB calculations with Skyrme-Sly4 interaction. Received: 27 November 2000 / Accepted: 16 January 2001     

Theorem on the origin of phase transitions

For physical systems described by smooth, finite-range, and confining microscopic interaction potentials V with continuously varying coordinates, we announce and outline the proof of a theorem that establishes that, unless the equipotential hypersurfaces of configuration space Sum(v)=[(q(1),...,q(N)) subset R(N)/V(q(1),...,q(N))=v], v subset R, change topology at some v(c) in a given interval [v(0),v(1)] of values v of V, the Helmoltz free energy must be at least twice differentiable in the corresponding interval of inverse temperature (beta(v(0)),beta(v(1))) also in the N--> infinity limit. Thus, the occurrence of a phase transition at some beta(c)=beta(v(c)) is necessarily the consequence of the loss of diffeomorphicity among the [Sigma(v)](vv(c)), which is the consequence of the existence of critical points of V on Sigma(v=v(c)), that is, points where inverted Delta V=0.     

Measurement of bottom-quark hadron masses in exclusive J/psi decays with the CDF detector

We measure the masses of b hadrons in exclusively reconstructed final states containing a J/psi --> mu-mu+ decay using 220 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II experiment. We find: m(B+) = 5279.10 +/- 0.41(stat.) +/- 0.36(sys.) MeV/c2, m(B0) = 5279.63 +/- 0.53(stat.) +/- 0.33(sys.) MeV/c2, m(B(s)0) = 5366.01 +/- 0.73(stat.) +/- 0.33(sys.) MeV/c2, m(lambda(b)0) = 5619.7 +/- 1.2(stat.) +/- 1.2(sys.) MeV/c2. m(B+) - m(B0) = -0.53 +/- 0.67(stat.) +/- 0.14(sys.) MeV/c2, m(B(s)0) - m(B0) = 86.38 +/- 0.90(stat.) +/- 0.06(sys.) MeV/c2, m(lambda(b)0) - m(B0) = 339.2 +/- 1.4(stat.) +/- 0.1(sys.) MeV/c2. The measurements of the B(s)0, lambda(b)0 mass, m(B(s)0) - m(B0) and m(lambda(b)0) - m(B0) mass difference are of better precision than the current world averages.