渐变阻抗飞片超高速发射数值模拟

 为在轻气炮上实现二级飞片的超高速发射,设计了波阻抗连续变化的渐变阻抗飞片。变阻抗飞片撞击面为镁,底面为钨,中间为镁、铜和钨的掺合材料。建立了变阻抗飞片超高速发射的计算模型,采用分成单元层描述阻抗变化。对变阻抗飞片超高速发射二级飞片过程进行了数值模拟计算,分析了阻抗分布、二级飞片直径和缓冲层厚度对二级飞片速度的影响。结果表明：在优化阻抗分布、二级飞片直径和缓冲层厚度的条件下,二级飞片的最大速度能够达到16 km/s以上。     

炮附片、黑顺片和白附片二维红外相关光谱的分析研究

采用红外光谱法(FTIR)并结合二维相关(Two-dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy)分析技术,对炮附片、黑顺片和白附片进行了无损快速鉴别研究。炮附片、黑顺片和白附片在一维谱图上差别不明显,而在二维谱图上凭借各官能团相互作用强度的不同而可以进行一一鉴别。在900～1500cm~(-1)波段内,炮附片在同步图上有一个较强的自动峰,在1220cm~(-1)附近。而黑顺片和白附片不仅在1220cm~(-1)有一个较强的自动峰,还在1200和1400cm~(-1)附近出现了自动峰,且白附片在1400cm~(-1)附近的自动峰比黑顺片的要更强一些;在交叉线的两侧,三者各官能团正的交叉峰白附片最多,黑顺片次之,炮附片最少。结果表明:凭借炮附片、黑顺片和白附片的二维红外相关谱可以作为药材不同炮制法的鉴别依据。该法快速、准确,为中药材的炮制鉴别提供了一种新的方法和手段。     

基于(火积)耗散率最小的复杂肋片对流换热构形优化

基于构形理论, 以基于(火积)耗散率定义的当量热阻最小为优化目标对复杂肋片进行构形优化, 得到同时考虑肋片导热和对流换热(火积)耗散性能的肋片最优构形, 并比较不同形状和不同优化目标下的肋片最优构形. 结果表明: 存在最佳单元级直肋、中部空腔以及肋片末梢高度和长度比使得复杂肋片当量热阻取得三重最小值. 当量热阻最小的复杂肋片最优构形与T-Y形肋片最优构形相比, 复杂肋片结构使得肋片整体传热性能大大提高. 当肋片传热为二维传热且根部较宽时, 肋片根部温度越不均匀, 当量热阻最小和最大热阻最小的复杂肋片最优构形差别越大. 在保证热安全性的前提下, 工程上对肋片进行优化设计时可选择当量热阻最小的肋片构形设计方案以降低其平均传热温差、提高整体传热性能. 本文从传热优化角度为复杂肋片的优化设计提供了参考.     

不同条件下阻尼片对音叉受迫振动的影响

本文实验上研究了不同阻尼片的面积、形状、固定角度和相对位置对音叉受迫振动体系的影响,研究表明在相同形状下、不同面积的阻尼片,周期的平方与阻尼片的面积成正比;相同面积、不同形状的阻尼片对应的共振频率和灵敏度都不同,长方形的灵敏度更大,三角形的灵敏度较小;相同形状、相同面积的阻尼片,音叉受迫振动的共振频率与阻尼片固定位置和固定角度都有关系.本研究对音叉传感器的设计有一定的指导意义.     

基于激光回馈的波片在盘位相延迟测量系统

 利用激光回馈测量波片相位延迟精度高的优越性,以激光回馈技术为基础,实现光学波片的在盘测量,即在加工过程中,波片光胶于光胶盘的状态下测量波片位相延迟,以提高波片生产效率和成品率。采用凹面镜作为回馈镜以提高回馈信号调制深度,对激光回馈内、外腔长进行稳定,提高了系统可靠性;研究了波片与光胶盘光胶对波片测量的影响,提出并验证了在光胶盘上开孔,在打孔的光胶盘上光胶、加工、测量波片的新工艺,最终实现了波片在盘测量,测量长期重复性优于1°,经过激光频率分裂系统校正后,系统精度优于0.5°。     

基于最小二乘拟合的波片相位延迟测量

提出一种精密测量波片相位延迟的新方法.将待测波片置于起偏器和检偏器之间,通过步进电机控制波片匀速旋转,基于最小二乘法拟合出射光强随波片方位角变化的曲线,进而得到波片延迟.根据上述原理,建立了一套波片延迟测量系统,并分析了系统的稳定性、可测量的延迟范围、接收器件的非线性效应、系统误差源这4个影响测量精度的主要方面.结果表...     

不同材料回旋管输出窗的临界热耗散功率

 从陶瓷介质材料的临界温度差出发,研究了不同材料的回旋管输出窗的临界热耗散功率。针对TE₀₁,TE11和TE₀₂模式的电磁波通过窗片时发生的不同加热模式进行分析,比较了氧化铝窗片、氧化铍窗片、氮化硼窗片和蓝宝石窗片的热功率承受能力。另外,研究了窗片厚度变化时,不同材料窗片的临界热耗散功率的变化情况。研究表明：蓝宝石和氧化铍窗片表现出较好的热功率耗散能力,其中以蓝宝石窗片最为出色;氧化铝和氮化硼窗片的热功率耗散能力相对较弱;随着窗片厚度的增加,4种材料的临界热耗散功率均有不同程度的变大,其中以蓝宝石和氧化铍窗片更为明显。     

飞片材料对微装药驱动飞片形貌的影响

利用数值模拟和实验方法,研究了以铜叠氮化物微装药为基础的微机电系统(MEMS)起爆传爆序列的材料类型对飞片形貌的影响。结果表明:钛适合作为飞片材料,而铜、铝、聚酰亚胺不适合作为飞片材料;飞片形貌与材料的力学性能密切相关,金属飞片的完整性主要取决于有效塑性失效应变,而非金属飞片的完整性则主要取决于杨氏模量。     

高精度1/4波片的设计

本文论述了高精度1/4波片的设计思想、波片厚度公差、角度公差的确定,以及波片的测量和结果。     

N个衰减片杂斑特性表征及抑制方法

在分析单个衰减片、一对类V字型排列的衰减片、一对平行型排列的衰减片光斑分裂特征的基础上,给出N个衰减片使用时,光斑能量分裂、分裂光斑各级中心间距及重叠部分的表征方法。探寻出2种有效的解决方案,并给出详细的设计方法、使用方法。研究结果表明:存在最优入射角,可使各级杂斑间距最大,对于折射率为1.4～1.7的常用的衰减片介质材料,最优入射角为48°～50°;充分利用类V字型、平行型组合衰减片的光路传输特点,合理摆放衰减片、科学使用光阑,可有效去除各级杂斑,获得理想的单一主光斑。     

水中目标回波亮点统计特征研究

礁石和海洋动物引起的混响是主动声纳最严重的干扰, 如何区分礁石、鱼群和水中目标一直是制约主动声纳识别技术的难点问题. 针对礁石与目标回波难以区分的问题, 从特征识别的应用角度, 研究水中复杂目标全方位回波亮点特征的有效表征和应用方式, 基于目标回波亮点模型, 提出拷贝相关器输出的目标散射函数估计方法, 给出对目标回波亮点相对关系进行定量分析的目标回波特征统计表征方式, 并基于湖上实验提取了物理机理明确的目标回波亮点统计特征, 使得目标时间-角度谱中所蕴含的目标特征信息能够很直接地转化为主动声纳易于应用的目标特征. 关键词： 水中目标 回波亮点 统计特征     

采用光纤光栅级联结构实现光纤延迟线

在使用光纤光栅实现皮秒级别时延的基础上,提出一种光纤光栅与单模光纤相结合的微秒级别级联结构,该结构可以实现中心波长1 550~1 553 nm范围内,间距为1 nm的窄波长反射型时延线,共1,1.5,2和2.5 μs四种不同的时延。将单波长反射的啁啾布拉格光纤光栅与103 m单模光纤连接构成延迟单元,再利用光环形器将4个延迟单元级联并使用内半径为3 cm的光纤绕线盘,将四种延时单元的传输光纤进行整合。借助光纤光栅的反射镜作用,控制不同波长光信号通过不同的传输距离,从而达到时延目的。本文通过对啁啾布拉格光纤光栅的反射谱进行仿真分析,发现相邻反射谱的旁瓣会出现交叠现象,因此使用六个切趾函数对旁瓣滤除。结果显示：不同切趾函数的滤除效果也不同,能够完全滤除旁瓣并且对反射谱包络影响最小的是柯西切趾函数,经柯西切趾后能使不同波长光信号在对应中心波长1 nm范围内反射率达到1,而其他位置均为0。由于使用光纤绕线盘整合延迟单元传输光纤会产生一定损耗,因此对弯曲损耗进行仿真分析,结果表明：弯曲半径相同时,损耗与工作波长成正比;工作波长相同时,弯曲损耗与弯曲半径成反比。当弯曲半径大于2.9 cm时,弯曲损耗曲线变化平缓并趋于0,因此当光纤绕线盘内半径为3 cm时保证了在减小延迟模块体积的同时又不会有过大的损耗。通过TDS784D型示波器对频率为2 000 Hz的信号经不同传输距离后的波形进行测试,结果显示经3 m和5 km传输线后信号的各项参数基本保持不变,经过长距离传输后,依然能保持原信号特性,因此使用103 m传输线可达到延迟目的。使用W-GGL型光功率计对不同频率下的输出功率进行测量,与直光纤的输出功率相比,当弯曲半径为2~3 cm时偏差较大,等于3 cm时偏差为0.18 dBm,大于3 cm时则无限趋近,因此设置绕线盘内半径为3 cm符合光纤延迟线的损耗范围。     

激光防护材料注塑加工工艺的研究

采用聚碳酸酯为基材,掺杂激光吸收剂制备了防530nm和1060nm波长激光的防护材料,通过对加工温度和混合料在料筒中停留时间的研究,确定了材料的加工温度为280℃,混合料在料筒中的时间为3min,确定了防护材料的加工工艺条件,并对其光学密度、激光防护能量、可见光透过率和抗冲击强度进行了测试。结果表明防护材料在530nm和1060nm波长的光密度大于4,其防激光能量达150mJ,可见光透过率为17%,抗冲击强度高,完全可以满足一般激光防护材料的要求。     

Vibration modeling of magnetic tape with vibro-impact of tape-guide contact

Next-generation, high track-density linear tape drives will require improved tape guiding and dimensional stability in order to achieve better performance and higher storage capacities. Drive vibrations, tape degradation, debris formation, and tape guiding all contribute to unwanted lateral tape motion (LTM), which can lead to track-misregistration errors during reading of the tape. Understanding the nature of LTM is of prime interest. A nonlinear vibration model of a tape-guide system with vibro-impact is presented in this study. The guides are modeled as rigid constraints, while the reels are modeled as clamped ends. Free vibration (due to initial velocity) and forced vibration (due to moving boundaries) were performed for various test cases to determine the effect of tape tension and thickness, tape-guide separation distance, reel tilt amplitude, and tape speed. The model results are compared to actual experimental LTM data, though with the absence of tape damping and tape-guide frictional forces in the model, only limited comparisons may be made.     

Ab-initio calculations of the optical and magnetic properties of erbium silicide ErSi2

We present a computational method for the ab-initio study of the optical and magnetic properties using the augmented plane wave plus local orbitals (APW+lo) method. The calculations are presented within the local density (LDA) approximation. Erbium silicide (ErSi₂) is representative of the whole trivalent heavy-rare-earth disilicides family, and its study will provide information valid for all of them. Thus, the study of its optical and magnetic properties is very important, especially for the calculation of magneto-optical quantities. In this paper the optical and magnetic properties are well described. Up to now no theoretical study on optical and magnetic properties of ErSi₂ is available in the literature. We report theoretical calculations of the reel and imaginary parts of the dielectric function (DF), the refractive index and the extinction coefficient, the spectra of the reflectivity, the absorption coefficient, the energy-loss function (ELF), and the magnetic moments.     

The sound of a suddenly tensioned membrane

The sound produced by suddenly tugging one end of an elastic sheet is investigated. The elastic equations of motion are solved within the membrane in the limit where fluid loading may be neglected. It is found that if the membrane is paper a tension wave travels supersonically through the sheet. There is no motion ahead of this wave but behind it the tensioned sheet supports a transverse vibration. We find that a membrane excited in this way is silent except at the tugged end and at the tension front. The far field density perturbation has the characteristic features of a two-dimensional sound field produced by a stationary line source at the tugged end and a supersonically moving line source at the tension front. When the tension is impulsively applied there is a sonic boom that travels in an unattenuated beam on the Mach wedge, the relevant Mach number being the ratio of the speed of the tension wave to the speed of sound in the surrounding fluid, but the sound field is always of order $\text{r}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$, where r is the distance of the observer from the source, when the tension is applied over a small but non-zero interval. Fluid loading has a dampening effect on the sheet which is not easy to handle analytically but has an obvious physical interpretation. This model problem is thought to bear on the question of how much noise is made by the vibration of the paper web in a rotary printing machine, where the web tension is often changed abruptly by irregularities in the reel surfaces. The parameters that control the noise output are identified, and the dependence of the sound field on these variables is determined.     

边界扫描测试在数字电路自动测试系统中的研究与应用[BT)]

边界扫描测试是当前数字电路模块故障隔离的主要手段,但测试能力受到模块可测试性设计限制,其它方面作用也被忽略。文中对数字电路自动测试系统设计提出了边界扫描测试应用技术,包括系统自检测试,模块功能测试和模块故障隔离。在系统自检测试中应用边界扫描,提高了设备自检故障隔离精度;而对于模块功能测试,边界扫描测试技术提供了一种新的选择;在故障隔离中扩展和延伸应用边界扫描技术,突破了模块自身测试性的限制,提高了边界扫描测试的故障覆盖率和故障隔离精度。通过实际测试验证表明,该设计方法稳定可靠,同时提升了测试系统自身和模块的测试能力和隔离精度。     

蛛丝和蚕丝化学元素X射线荧光光谱分析及其应用

采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)方法研究蛛丝和蚕丝的化学元素组成,探讨成丝机制中金属离子的作用及生物丝性能优良的元素基础。XRF分析蚕丝中C含量是47.10%、O为29.92%、N是16.52%;金属元素包括：Ca含量0.166 2%、Mg含量0.104 0%和K含量0.039 5%,而Na,Zn,Ni,Fe和Cr是微量元素。Ca和Mg元素含量高,在桑蚕吐丝机制中起着重要的作用。在蛛丝中,主要的非金属元素是：C含量44.09%、O含量26.64%和N含量22.34%。高含量的N元素可能是蛛丝优异的刚性和韧性性能的元素基础。在蛛丝中,Na含量0.268 0%、K含量0.081 4%和Mg含量0.011 6%,而Ca,Zn,Fe,Cu和Cr则是微量元素。蛛丝中Na和K元素含量高,在蜘蛛吐丝机制中可能起重要作用。运用数学统计方法研究生物丝元素组成与XRF元素分析结果吻合。     

Effects of the use of personal music players on amplitude modulation detection and frequency discrimination

Measures of auditory performance were compared for an experimental group who listened regularly to music via personal music players (PMP) and a control group who did not. Absolute thresholds were similar for the two groups for frequencies up to 2 kHz, but the experimental group had slightly but significantly higher thresholds at higher frequencies. Thresholds for the frequency discrimination of pure tones were measured for a sensation level (SL) of 20 dB and center frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 kHz. Thresholds were significantly higher (worse) for the experimental than for the control group for frequencies from 3 to 8 kHz, but not for lower frequencies. Thresholds for detecting sinusoidal amplitude modulation (AM) were measured for SLs of 10 and 20 dB, using four carrier frequencies 0.5, 3, 4, and 6 kHz, and three modulation frequencies 4, 16, and 50 Hz. Thresholds were significantly lower (better) for the experimental than for the control group for the 4- and 6-kHz carriers, but not for the other carriers. It is concluded that listening to music via PMP can have subtle effects on frequency discrimination and AM detection.     

Preparation of calibrating standards for x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry of trace metals in plastics

Convenient x‐ray fluorescent spectrometry was developed for the determination of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ge and Sb in plastic materials. The calibrating standards were prepared by casting of polyurethane or polyester including a xylene solution of organometallic compounds as a standard. The calibrating disk had a homogeneous elemental distribution and excellent durability. The calibration curves of six elements showed a good linearity of less than 50 mass ppm for V and Ni, 100 mass ppm for Co and Ge, 200 mass ppm for Cr, and 400 mass ppm for Sb. The lower limits of detection (3σ) of the present method were 0.19 mass ppm for V, 0.42 for Cr, 0.24 for Co, 0.18 for Ni, 0.066 for Ge, and 2.1 for Sb. The proposed method has been applied to several different industrial plastics. The quantitative results are in good agreement with those obtained by the AAS method and x‐ray fluorescent spectrometry using the fundamental parameter calculation method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.