含氢电极脉冲放电等离子体特性诊断

利用飞行时间质谱法诊断了含氢电极脉冲真空弧离子源放电等离子体成分、离子电荷状态及离子扩散速度等特性.实验结果表明,含氢电极脉冲真空弧离子源放电等离子体的离子成分主要由H+,Ti+,Ti2+和Ti3+组成,其中Ti2+占主要部分.当放电电流为40～80 A时,Ti离子的平均电荷数在1.95～2.13之间,随着放电电流的增...     

纳秒强光场下碘甲烷的激光电离中高价离子产生研究

利用25纳秒脉冲Nd-YAG 532 nm的激光,在1011 W cm-2的光场强度下,用飞行时间质谱对不同载气条件下碘甲烷的激光电离过程进行了研究.当利用氩作为载气时,除观察到H+,C+,CH+,CH+3,I+,CH3I+等离子外,还观察到很强的C2+,I2+和I3+离子信号.这些高价离子的最可几平动能分别为55.5 eV,9.5 eV和27 eV.质谱峰形的分裂现象以及不同载气的实验结果表明这些高价离子可能来源于碘甲烷团簇的库仑爆炸过程.     

纳秒强光场下呋喃的激光电离中高价离子的产生

利用 2 5ns脉冲Nd :YAG 5 32nm的激光 ,在 10 11W/cm2 的光场强度下 ,用飞行时间质谱对不同条件下呋喃的激光电离过程进行了研究 .当利用氩作为载气时 ,首次观察到了较强的Cn + (n =2～ 4 )和Om + (m =2～ 3)离子信号 .通过测定峰分裂和数值模拟计算的方法可以确定其中C2 + 、C3 + 和C4+ 的最可几平动能分别为 2 1、6 3和 10 0eV ,O2 + 和O3 + 的最可几平动能分别为 2 0和 4 0eV .质谱峰型的分裂现象和激光延迟实验结果表明 ,这些高价离子可能来源于呋喃团簇的库仑爆炸过程 .     

CS2团簇增强的激光多价电离现象的质谱研究

利用脉宽为25ns的脉冲Nd:YAG 532 nm的激光,在8×1010W/cm2的强度下,用飞行时间质谱对CS2的激光电离过程进行了研究.观察到了较强的C2+和S2+高价离子信号,这些高价离子C2+,S2+的最可几平动能高达144eV,112 eV.不同进样方式,激光延迟以及束源压力的实验结果表明,这些高价离子可能来源于CS2团簇的库仑爆炸过程.多光子电离引发,逆韧致吸收加热-电子碰撞电离模型可能是高价离子产生的机理.     

CS2团簇增强的激光多价电离现象的质谱研究

利用脉宽为25ns的脉冲Nd: YAG 532 nm的激光，在8×10¹⁰W/cm²的强度下，用飞行时间质谱对CS₂的激光电离过程进行了研究.观察到了较强的C²⁺和S²⁺高价离子信号，这些高价离子C²⁺，S²⁺的最可几平动能高达144 eV，112 eV.不同进样方式，激光延迟以及束源压力的实验结果表明，这些高价离子可能来源于CS₂团簇的库仑爆炸过程.多光子电离引发，逆韧致吸收加热-电子碰撞电离模型可能是高价离子产生的机理. 关键词： 2')" href="#">CS₂ 团簇 高价离子 激光电离     

纳秒强激光中丙酮团簇增强的多价电离现象

利用脉宽为25 ns的脉冲Nd: YAG 532 nm的激光，在10¹⁰—10¹¹ W/cm²的强度下，用飞行时间质谱对丙酮团簇的激光电离过程进行了研究. 观察到了较强的O^q+(q=2—4)和C^q+(q=1—4)高价离子信号，这些高价离子 C⁴⁺，C³⁺，C²⁺，O⁴⁺，O³⁺，O²⁺的最大概然平动能分别为240 eV，70 eV，30 eV，90 eV，80 eV，40 eV. 高价离子的强度和平动能随激光强度的增大而增大. 我们提出一个多光子电离引发，逆韧致吸收加热-电子碰撞电离模型来解释高价离子的产生. 关键词： 丙酮 团簇 库仑爆炸 高价离子     

纳秒激光诱导C60分子碎裂中轻碎片离子C+n(n＜30)的产生机理研究

采用飞行时间质谱计测量了纳秒激光诱导C₆₀分子碎裂中轻碎片离子C⁺_n(n≤11)的初始平均动能,结果显示轻碎片离子具有相同的初始平均动能(约为0.34eV),并且该动能在一定范围内不随激光通量的变化而明显改变.结合前人的实验结果,对纳秒激光诱导C₆₀分子碎裂中轻碎片离子C⁺_n(n＜30)的主要产生模式作了新的阐述,即C< 关键词： 飞行时间质谱计 轻碎片离子 笼形结构塌陷 初始动能     

N2微空心阴极放电特性及其阴极溅射的PIC/MC模拟

采用两维PIC/MCC模型模拟了氮气微空心阴极放电以及轰击离子 (N₂⁺,N⁺) 的钛阴极溅射. 主要计算了氮气微空心阴极放电离子 (N₂⁺,N⁺) 及溅射原子Ti的行为分布, 并研究了溅射Ti 原子的热化过程. 结果表明: 在模拟条件下, 空心阴极效应是负辉区叠加的电子震荡; 在对应条件下, 微空心较传统空心放电两种离子 (N₂⁺,N⁺) 密度均大两个量级, 两种离子的平均能量的分布及大小几乎相同; 在放电空间N⁺的密度约为N₂⁺的1/6, 最大能量约大2倍; 在不同参数 (P, T, V)下, 轰击阴极内表面的氮离子(N₂⁺,N⁺)的密度近似均匀, 其平均能量几乎相等; 从阴极溅射出的Ti原子的初始平均能量约6.8 eV, 离开阴极约0.15 mm处几乎完全被热化. 模拟结果为N₂微空心阴极放电等离子体特性的认识提供了参考依据. 关键词： 微空心阴极放电 PIC/MC模拟 2等离子体')" href="#">N₂等离子体     

团簇增强的纳秒激光电离产生Xez+(z≤20)高价离子

利用功率密度为1011—1012W·cm-2的1064nm纳秒激光电离氙原子团簇，在飞行时间质谱中观察到电离态高达+20的高价离子.不同脉冲束位置实验表明，仅当激光作用于分子束的中段时，才能观察到高价离子，且高价离子的强度随束源压力的增加而迅速增强.实验结果表明束中大尺寸团簇的存在与高价离子的形成密切相关.讨论了高价离子产生的可能机理. 关键词： 氙 纳秒激光 高价离子 飞行时间质谱     

稳定团族离子B6N5^2的产生和结构

用脉冲激光气化氮化硼固体样品，并由飞行时间质谱测量，首次发一同Ｂ６Ｎ５＾＋的质谱峰强度明显高于其它团簇离子，是一种稳定的团簇离子。本文也报导了用ａｂｉｎｉｔｉｏ方法计算Ｂ６Ｎ５＾＋的几种稳定结构。     

A Diagnostic Method for Time Resolved Spatial Profile Measurements of Proton and Impurity Density and Temperature

A new diagnostic technique, based on elastic scattering of neutral atoms off the plasma ions, is proposed and analyzed. Space and time resolved measurements of the number densities and temperatures of the various components of the plasma are possible by energy analysis of the scattered neutral atoms. The ability to resolve ions of different masses is limited by ion thermal motion and the energy and angular dependence of the scattering cross sections. In hydrogenic plasmas with impurities, the scattering by the impurities is easily resolvable from the scattering of protons, even when the individual impurity contributions cannot be separately resolved. Detected particle count rates are calculated for a conceputal system for a tokamak plasma (n ~ 1013 cm-3, Ti ~ 300 eV). Time resolution of ~ 10 ms with spatial resolution of a few cm are predicted.     

纳秒激光电离分子团簇产生高价离子实验研究

 利用飞行时间质谱仪，研究了功率密度为10⁹~10¹¹ W/cm²，波长为532 nm 的纳秒激光对苯、呋喃、甲醇及碘甲烷分子团簇的激光电离过程。实验观察到了高平动能的高价离子C^q+(q≤3)，O^q+(q≤3)和I^q+(q≤4)，该过程经历了以“初始的多光子电离引发-逆轫致吸收加热-电子碰撞电离模式”为主的激光团簇作用过程，后期经历了团簇的库仑爆炸过程。实验发现：即使激光能量变化一个量级以上时，主要高价离子的种类及占全部离子产物的比率也没有明显的变化，但是高价离子的初始平动能随激光强度的增大而增加；分子中含有较多个外壳层电子的氧、碘原子更容易电离产生高价离子，而碳离子的价态和强度相对较低。     

Pulse intense metal-ion diode with a vacuum arc plasma anode

An intense pulsed ion beam of metal was extracted from a magnetically insulated ion diode operated in a mode of plasma prefill generated from a vacuum arc discharge, anode plasma source. With this ion diode, an intense metal-ion beam of a high melting-point metal (Ta) was obtained. A variety of operational modes appeared, depending on the amount of plasma in the diode gap at the initiation of the high-voltage pulse. The energy, current, and duration time of the ion beam were 20~100 keV, ~1 kA, and 1 μs, respectively. Measurements of ions were performed with an ion energy analyzer or a biased ion collector located at the end of a long drift tube and a Thomson parabola ion spectrometer. The Ta ions in the first to fifth states of ionization were detected accompanied by C⁺, O⁺, F⁺, and H⁺ . A Ta ion beam current of about half the total ion flux was obtained in this experiment     

纳秒强激光中乙腈团簇增强的高价电离研究

利用脉宽为25 ns的脉冲Nd∶YAG 1 064 nm的激光,在1010～1011 W·cm-2的强度下,用飞行时间质谱对乙腈分子束激光电离过程进行了研究。实验中利 用氦气作为载气,乙腈分子束采用扩散和脉冲两种方式进样,当扩散束进样时,乙腈分子的谱峰可用多光子电离来解释,而当脉冲分子束进样时,实验中产生了外层价电子高剥离的Nq+ (q=2～5) 和Cq+(q=1～4)信号谱。实验中同时发现,激光波长增大时,高价离子的谱强度也趋向于增大。激光延迟及谱峰的相关性分析表明,这些高价离子可能来源于乙腈团簇的库仑爆炸 过程。提出一个多光子电离引发,逆韧致吸收加热-电子碰撞电离模型来解释高价离子的产生,对高价离子伴随的波长效应也给出了较为合理的解释。     

Energy distribution of plasma-assisted electron and ion emission from TGS single crystals

Electron and ion emission accompanying non-thermal plasma processes, produced at the surface of TGS single crystals under driving ac electric field exceeding 10³ V/cm, have been carried out. These plasma-assisted emission of electrons and ions were examined by means of time and energy distribution measurements. The intensity of registered charges (electrons and ions) displayed on the 2 ms time scale are represented by two distinct peaks. Time dependent energy spectrum of charges, detected under our experimental conditions, involves electrons and ions with maximum energy up to 30-40 eV for first peaks and up to 70-80 eV for second one. Additionally, the energy of electrons is focused at about 10-15 eV for first and second peaks and about 60-70 eV for second ones; the ion energy spectrum for both peaks exhibits only distinct low energy maximum focused at about 5-15 eV.     

Energies of carbon plasma beams in the deposition of diamond-like coatings with the pulsed-arc-discharge method

The carbon plasma ion energies produced by the pulsed filtered arc-discharge method have been measured as a function of the anode-cathode voltage. The energies were determined by using the electro-optical time-of-flight method. The highest anode-cathode voltage was 5 kV and yielded the energy of 140 eV for the plasma ions. In addition, it was demonstrated that a rather slight change of the parameters in the arc-discharge method has a strong effect on the plasma ion energies and the properties of the diamond-like coatings prepared.     

Experimental evaluation of the measurement of isotope ratios by time of flight mass spectrometry with laser ablation

Time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) in combination with laser ablation (LA) applied for low isotope composition measurements is limited by energy and spatial dispersion of ions, spatial charge density, and some other factors. In order to reduce these factors that make the extraction of the plasma ions difficult, we used a second laser to create ions by non-isotope-selective photoionization of neutral particles. The photoionization was carried out in uranium vapor beam by the third harmonic of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. This work presents the results of tentative experiments to estimate the characteristics of the LA-TOF-MS method with non-selective photoionization.