边界层转捩对风力机气动性能模拟结果的影响

本文采用CFD软件包FINETM/Turbo,选用结合AGS转捩模型的S-A湍流模型,研究边界层转捩对NORD-TANK 500/41型风力机LM19.1叶片三维流场的影响,并与采用-方程S-A和两方程k-ω(SST)模型获得的全湍流计算结果比较.在计算结果与实验数据进行对比的基础上,分析了三维粘性流场的流动细节,探讨了边界层转捩对风力机叶片气动性能和载荷预估的影响,获得了叶片转捩线随风速和沿展向的变化趋势.结果显示边界层转捩使数值计算的叶片性能和载荷增大、边界层分离推迟,为风力机叶片的优化设计提供参考.     

提高气冷涡轮气热耦合计算精度的措施

温度场计算的准确性对气冷涡轮的设计影响极大.实际的气冷涡轮在运行状态下,存在多种物理现象:冷气带来的燃气组分变化、湍流、转捩、温度边界层的发展变化、热辐射等.而在数值计算中,计算结果也要受到网格质量的影响.采用自编程序、商业CFD软件对某两级气冷涡轮、C3X以及MARK Ⅱ叶片进行计算,分别描述冷气组分变化、计算网格、湍流模型以及转捩温度场模拟精度的影响;同时定性分析温度边界层复合性质与辐射换热对温度计算的影响.得出在气热耦合计算中,考虑上述因素的影响是很有必要的.     

γ-Re_θ转捩模型在内部冷却叶片中的应用

燃气轮机内部通流冷却叶片的流动传热特性对于燃机的整体效率有着重要的影响,而叶片表面的转捩流场一直是阻碍对叶片冷却性能进行精确分析的主要因素.本文采用SST湍流模型及γ-Re_θ转捩模型对MARK Ⅱ叶型进行数值模拟,通过分析叶栅通道内传热特性以考察该转捩模型的适应性,肯定了该转捩模型对于湍流边界层发生位置判断的正确性,以及对转捩发生点上游叶片表面温度变化趋势的预测的正确性.同时本文指出γ-Re_θ转捩模型与湍流模型结合时可能存在对湍动能过渡抑制的问题,有待进一步研究.     

几种典型流动条件对平板转捩过程影响的数值模拟

采用作者构造的k方程转捩湍流模型，数值模拟了较大跨度来流湍流度情况、不同来流湍流度时几种不同顺、逆压梯度存在情况、壁面存在不同热交换强度情况下平板的转捩流动过程．与实验结果对比表明，新模型具有较好地模拟转捩流动能力。     

叶型几何设计弱化叶片外表面换热的作用

本文采用γ-Re_θ湍流转捩模型,数值模拟了两组不同叶型的涡轮叶栅表面的表面换热系数。结果证明:1)数值计算正确地预测了转捩发生位置,保证了表面换热系数模拟的可靠性;2)由于叶片型线的差异,叶片表面流动的转捩位置也不同。控制叶片表面边界层流动状态,推迟流动转捩,能够降低叶片热负荷。在相同进、出口气流条件下,选择不同的叶栅造型参数,可以调整所产生的涡轮叶型,从而增强或弱化叶片表面的换热。     

一种新的k方程转捩湍流模型

本文在分析了针对充分发展湍流模型建立的k方程湍流模型模拟转捩流动的能力之后，构筑了一种新的Fμ函数及相应的k方程湍流模型．将该模型应用于数值求解NS方程，模拟了中等来流湍流度下零压力梯度平板捩报流动，并将部分计算结果与实验结果及经验关系进行了比较．     

B-C转捩模型的DDES方法模拟转捩大分离流动

根据零压力梯度平板的实验数据对B-C转捩模型中的经验关联式进行标定.标定后的B-C转捩模型在进口湍流度较低的平板算例上可以提供更合理的转捩预测结果.但受限于RANS方法自身特性，B-C转捩模型对转捩后出现的大分离流动计算可靠性较差.结合延迟分离涡模拟SA-DDES方法和B-C转捩模型，发展了转捩-延迟分离涡模拟BC-DDES方法.三维S-K平板的数值模拟表明，BC-DDES方法能得到与B-C转捩模型一致的转捩结果.三维圆柱绕流的数值模拟表明，BC-DDES方法得到与实验符合的平均阻力系数和表面压力分布，并且计算花费比tHRLES方法少.     

湍流级串和动力学过程之间的关系

利用在边界层转捩中逐渐建立起来的主要动力学过程，对湍流级串概念做了进一步的分析.对边界层转捩的测量结果进行定量分析，从所得能谱中可以清楚看到湍流级串与转捩的动力学过程的对应关系，进而丰富了对湍流级串的理解. 关键词： 级串 动力学 转捩     

压缩拐角激波/湍流边界层干扰特性分析

用大涡模拟方法对Mach数3.0下的压缩拐角激波/湍流边界层干扰问题进行数值研究.对拐角上游平板区域边界层转捩及湍流进行模拟,设定平板区域长度,使得转捩过程于平板区域发生并充分完成,从而在拐角处产生激波/湍流边界层相互干扰,研究激波/湍流边界层的作用机理.研究表明:流场能够在非定常扰动激励下迅速转捩,并于平板区发展为完全湍流;湍流边界层与激波相互作用过程中,拐角附近分离区较层流情况明显减小;展向不同区域分离区大小差异较大,局部区域分离现象消失.     

基于Spalart-Allmaras-γ-\begin{document} ${\overline {Re} _{\theta {\rm{t}}}}$ \end{document}转捩模型的横流不稳定性转捩预测方法

传统的应用稳定性理论对横流不稳定性转捩现象的预测很难与现代CFD并行化计算结合, 为了解决这个问题, 文章基于SA-γ-${\overline {Re} _{\theta {\rm{t}}}}$转捩模型, 使用不可压三维边界层相似性解实现横流位移损失厚度Reynolds数在流场中的当地化求解, 结合亚音速试验数据-C1准则构建横流不稳定性转捩判据, 从而实现了横流不稳定性转捩预测方法的当地化并行求解.首先采用SA-γ-${\overline {Re} _{\theta {\rm{t}}}}$转捩模型对NLF(1)-0416翼型进行了流向转捩预测, 证实了该模型的正确性.然后应用所建立的横流转捩模型对45°前缘后掠角的NLF(2)-0415无限展长机翼和DLR-F5机翼, 以及标准6:1椭球标模进行了横流不稳定转捩数值模拟, 计算结果显示转捩位置均与试验数据吻合较好, 证明了文章所建立的方法在不可压边界层转捩预测具有较高的预测精度.      

DNS study on bursting and intermittency in late boundary layer transition

Experimental and numerical investigations have suggested the existence of a strong correlation between the passage of coherent structures and events of bursting and intermittency. However, a detailed cause-and-effect study on the subject is rarely found in the literature due to the complexity and the nonlinear multiscale nature of turbulent flows. The primary goal of this research is to explore the motion and evolution of coherent structures during late transition, whose structure is much more ordered than that of fully developed turbulence, and their relationship with events of bursting and intermittency based on a verified high-order direct numerical simulation (DNS). The computation was carried out on a flat plate at Reynolds number 1000 (based on the inflow displacement thickness) with an inflow Mach number 0.5. It is concluded that bursting and intermittency detected by stationary sensors in a transitional boundary layer actually result from the passage and development of vortical structures, and it would be more rational to design transitional turbulence models based on modelling the moving vortical structures rather than the statistical features and experimental experiences.     

A Four-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Approach for Modeling Bypass Transition

It is very important to predict the bypass transition in the simulation of flows through turbomachinery. This paper presents a four-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence transition model for prediction of bypass transition. It is based on the SST turbulence model and the laminar kinetic energy concept. A transport equation for the non-turbulent viscosity is proposed to predict the development of the laminar kinetic energy in the pre-transitional boundary layer flow which has been observed in experiments. The turbulence breakdown process is then captured with an intermittency transport equation in the transitional region. The performance of this new transition model is validated through the experimental cases of T3AM, T3A and T3B. Results in this paper show that the new transition model can reach good agreement in predicting bypass transition, and is compatible with modern CFD software by using local variables.     

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建立了聚变灰尘实验装置STARDUST相应的数值计算模型,用数值模拟对失真空事故(LOVA)实验物理过程进行了重现。模拟计算了该实验装置在不同位置处的破口产生LOVA后的速度场发展过程。给出腔室内关键位置速度变化曲线,并与实验所测量到的相应点的速度变化曲线进行了比较。结果表明应用计算流体力学所进行的数值模拟计算达到了对实验重现的目的,其中RNG k-ε湍流模型能够对发生失真空事故下的气体流动状态进行较好的模拟,而且可以较好地预测失真空事故的风险。     

Scaling of the turbulence transition threshold in a pipe

We report the results of an experimental investigation of the transition to turbulence in a pipe over approximately an order of magnitude range in the Reynolds number Re. A novel scaling law is uncovered using a systematic experimental procedure which permits contact to be made with modern theoretical thinking. The principal result we uncover is a scaling law which indicates that the amplitude of perturbation required to cause transition scales as O(Re-1).     

Autocorrelation function formulations and the turbulence dissipation rate: Application to dispersion models

The classical statistical diffusion theory and the binomial autocorrelation function are used to obtain a new formulation for the turbulence dissipation rate ε. The approach employs the Maclaurin series expansion of a logarithm function contained in the dispersion parameter formulation. The numerical coefficient of this new relation for ε is 100% larger than the numerical coefficient of the classical relation derived from the exponential autocorrelation function. A similar approach shows that the dispersion parameter obtained from the even exponential autocorrelation function does not result in a relation for ε and, therefore, is not suitable for application in dispersion models. In addition, a statistical comparison to experimental ground-level concentration data demonstrates that this newly derived relation for ε as well as other formulations for the turbulence dissipation rate are suitable for application in Lagrangian stochastic dispersion models. Therefore, the analysis shows that there is an uncertainty regarding the turbulence dissipation rate function form and the autocorrelation function form.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器气动力气动热的数值模拟方法及应用

对吸气式高超声速飞行器而言,物面热流和摩阻的准确预测对飞行器设计及安全十分关键.介绍采用CFD准确预测气动力和气动热的方法,包括流动的控制方程、湍流模型及湍流的先进壁面函数边界条件,介绍流动的数值求解方法.对典型超声速层流和湍流流动的摩擦阻力和热流进行详细的验证与确认,考察CFD工具在使用先进壁面函数边界条件后,湍流计算的法向网格无关性能力.对设计的一种吸气式高超声速飞行器的气动力和气动热进行数值模拟,为飞行器的气动设计及热防护提供了可靠的数据.     

Experimental characterization of the convective heat transfer in a vortex-wall interaction

The development of turbulence models and wall laws for the numerical simulation of flows in complex geometries requires a detailed experimental analysis of turbulence and of the phenomena that appear in turbulent boundary layers. There is a strong need to develop new measurement systems allowing the determination of unsteady wall heat transfer coefficients. In order to improve the knowledge of the unsteady phenomena occurring in perturbed boundary layers, a fundamental study is conducted on the interaction of a single vortex with a flat plate. An experimental methodology using a specific thermal sensor whose surface temperature is measured by an infrared thermography system is presented. It allows the characterization of the unsteady convective heat transfer coefficient whose evolution is compared with the fluctuations of the wall friction coefficient, calculated from velocity profiles measured by laser Doppler velocimetry.     

单隔间内氢气流动分布特性数值模拟与实验验证

以局部隔间氢气流动分布特性研究实验装置中的单个隔间作为几何结构,建立小空间内氢气分布数值研究的计算流体动力学分析模型,对不同湍流模型适用性展开讨论分析,通过对比实验数据和模拟数据,给出最优湍流模型的选择,进一步对低质量流量工况下氢气在小空间内的流动分布进行数值模拟。模拟结果表明:在选取的6种两方程湍流模型中,采用Realizable k-ε、RNG k-ε、Standard k-ε湍流模型计算得到的结果与实验值吻合较好,能够准确地反映氢气在小空间内的释放过程和分布情况;低质量流量工况下,氢气主流区域径向范围较小,氢气在容器中上部呈稳定均匀分布。     

Fractal dimensions of speech sounds: computation and application to automatic speech recognition

The dynamics of airflow during speech production may often result in some small or large degree of turbulence. In this paper, the geometry of speech turbulence as reflected in the fragmentation of the time signal is quantified by using fractal models. An efficient algorithm for estimating the short-time fractal dimension of speech signals based on multiscale morphological filtering is described, and its potential for speech segmentation and phonetic classification discussed. Also reported are experimental results on using the short-time fractal dimension of speech signals at multiple scales as additional features in an automatic speech-recognition system using hidden Markov models, which provide a modest improvement in speech-recognition performance.