基于散射光偏振分布差的颗粒尺寸及折射率测量

提出一种基于颗粒散射光强正交分布差的颗粒尺寸和折射率同时测量方法.该方法利用颗粒散射光的垂直/平行分量和预设折射率,通过改进的Chahine算法反演得到粒径分布.根据所得粒径分布,计算得到平行/垂直分量,并与测量的平行/垂直分量比对,计算其拟合残差.遍历可能的折射率,使拟合残差趋于无穷小时,所对应的折射率即为颗粒的折射率,对应的粒度分布即为样品粒度分布.对聚丙乙烯标准颗粒、碳化硅及石墨样品进行测量,测量结果显示:对无吸收颗粒,折射率测量准确,吸收性颗粒虚部测量准确,使用所得到折射率测量值可得到准确的粒度分布.     

读数显微镜测量毛细管管壁折射率

文章提出一种利用读数显微镜测量毛细管管壁折射率的方法,通过测量毛细管内外径和毛细管平放时左右两侧内壁界面的读数,计算毛细管的折射率,结果与其他方法测量的折射率一致.     

分光仪调整中干涉现象的分析与应用

描述了在分光仪调整实验中观察到的干涉条纹现象,并且当转动平行平板玻璃时,该干涉条纹有粗细疏密变化.本文从理论上分析了产生干涉条纹及干涉条纹疏密粗细变化的原因.在已知平行平板玻璃的厚度和光的波长的情况下,可应用该现象测量平行平板玻璃折射率,给出了折射率的计算方法,对结果进行了数据处理及误差分析.     

在1341.4 nm激光波长对生物组织折射率的测量

根据全反射原理,设计一个由准直宽光束和双棱镜构成的测量装置用于测量生物组织的折射率.在波长632.8 nm通过对几个样品测量,证明该方法用于测量生物组织的折射率具有可靠、精确和简单易行的特点.第一次测得了某些生物组织在1341.4 nm 的折射率,也为在1341.4 nm激光波长测量人体组织的折射率提供了一种有效的方法.     

方形容器测量液体折射率和色散率

介绍了一种利用激光测液体折射率的简易方法.通过测量光线穿过垂直棱镜角后发生全反射时的入射临界角,进而求出液体的折射率.再利用折射率与临界角的关系,结合科希经验公式求出液体色散率.     

油水界面液位的光纤测量技术研究

油品储罐是储存易燃、易爆油料的重要设备,在石油、化工、交通、储运等行业部门应用广泛。油罐液位检测是相关企业生产、管理及安全控制的重要环节。针对轻质油品储运管理及安全监测的需求,提出了一种基于光纤垂直端面反射的检测方法。光纤端面接触油、水表面时形成玻璃-油、玻璃-水反射界面,借助油、水折射率不同的特点,测量光纤中反射光强的变化来测定界面位置,实现对油罐中油水界面的测量,测量精度可达毫米级。     

基于机器视觉的快速玻璃折射率测量方法

为实现玻璃折射率快速、高精度测量需求,提出一种基于机器视觉的玻璃折射率测量方法.推导了玻璃折射率测量数学模型,采用自准直平行光管实现传统V棱镜平行光管的功能,同时对V槽的装卡倾角进行正交性校准;双CCD结合棱镜分光实现大视场拼接,运用图像处理技术直接测量折射光线的偏折角.搭建试验样机,并与传统V棱镜折射仪和数字化V棱镜折射仪进行对比.结果表明测量精度优于±2×10-6,测量速度少于10s.测量精度和测量时间都优于前两者,对实现快速、高精度光学玻璃折射率测量具有实际意义.     

色散及视觉函数对白光干涉测折射率影响的分析

对使用迈克耳孙干涉仪白光干涉测量透明介质折射率实验中出现的3种异常现象的原因进行了分析。在考虑介质色散并对人视觉函数作适当简化的情况下,求得了干涉条纹可见度、可见白光干涉条纹时动镜的移动范围和折射率的表达式,并由实验对其结果进行了验证。结果表明,运用此方法测量所得的平行板透明介质折射率并非通常由相速度所定义的相折射率,而是白光在介质中由群速度所定义的群折射率。此方法可以用测量到的群折射率和已知的相折射率求得介质在中心波长处的色散。     

平行光入射时劈尖干涉误差的定量分析

定量分析了平行光入射空气劈尖和介质劈尖时,干涉条纹严格定域在劈尖上界面处时的条纹间距.数值计算表明对两种劈尖作光线垂直入射垂直反射的近似处理时,空气劈尖的误差较大,但是小于4%.     

界面原子扩散对SmCo/Fe交换弹簧双层膜磁性能影响的微磁学研究

本文通过三维微磁学数值模拟,研究了界面处原子扩散形成的界面层对易轴平行和垂直膜面取向SmCo/Fe双层膜磁性能的影响.当易轴取向平行膜面时,体系成核在第二象限.随着界面层厚度的增加,尽管剩磁逐渐减小,而成核场和钉扎场逐渐增加,以致最大磁能积先增加后减小,直至体系由交换弹簧磁体过渡到刚性磁体.当易轴取向垂直膜面时,随着界面层厚度的增加,体系成核由第一象限逐渐过渡到第二象限,虽然钉扎场从减小、不变到略有增加,但成核场和剩磁逐渐增加,导致最大磁能积逐渐增加.在退磁过程中,膜面内自旋偏转:易轴平行膜面取向系统显示了 flower态和C态的产生与消失的过程;而易轴垂直膜面取向系统显示了vortex态的产生与消失的过程.随着易轴平行膜面SmCo/Fe双层膜界面层中SmCo原子扩散比例的增加,成核场和钉扎场增加但剩磁减小,最大磁能积先增加后降低.当易轴两种取向时,对任一界面层厚度,成核场随界面交换耦合常数的增大而增大,这表明界面层的存在增强了硬磁/软磁层之间的交换耦合作用.本文建立的模型很好地模拟了相关的实验结果[2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 072509].     

A method of precise determination of the optical constants of uniaxial crystals from the compensator parameters

A method of determination of the refractive indices of uniaxial crystals from the compensator parameters is proposed. In this case, the accuracy is limited by the temperature fluctuations inside a crystal. The orientation of the optical axis with respect to the surface and the thickness and the thermal expansion coefficient of the crystal can be determined additionally. This method can be used for precise determination of the refractive indices and absorption coefficients of biaxial crystals. Experimental results of determination of the temperature coefficients of the refractive indices and of linear expansion for a plane-parallel plate cut from artificial crystalline quartz parallel to the optical axis are presented.     

Measurement of nonlinear optical coefficients by the z-scan technique: Correctness of the technique and investigation of a new compound-lutetium diphthalocyanine complex

Correctness of z-scan measurements of nonlinear refractive indices for optical media is considered. It is shown that accuracy of these measurements is greatly affected by the thickness of the nonlinear medium layer (as compared with the diffraction length of the laser beam). Nonlinear refractive indices of nitrobenzene are measured at different laser pulse durations (7 ns and 350 ps); the nonlinearity mechanism is discussed. It is shown that at the pulse duration 350 ps the orientation mechanism of nonlinearity is less effective than at the pulse duration 7 ns due to its time lag. Nonlinear refractive indices are measured for the solution of a new synthesized compound-hexadecabutyl-substituted lutetium diphthalocyanine.     

Optical waveguide effect of thermally tampered sheet and plate glasses—application to surface stress measurements

Sheet and plate glasses have refractive index inhomogeneity parallel with their surfaces. Refractive index maxima near the surfaces behave as optical waveguides. Light waves can be excited in the guides from outside and can be extracted non-destructively, using the technique popular in optical integrated circuits. Stress birefringence, caused by surface stress in thermally tempered glasses, gives different effective indices for two linearly polarized light beams which vibrate in directions vertical to and in parallel with the surfaces. Effective index observation by two polarized light beams allows non-destructive surface stress determination.     

PbBr2晶体的折射率研究

本文报道了ＰｂＢｒ２晶体折射率主轴的方位和它的主折射率的测量。     

Effective refractive index for determining ray propagation in an absorbing dielectric particle

The ray-tracing technique can be employed to simulate the scattering of light by a dielectric particle whose characteristic dimension is much larger than the incident wavelength. When a scattering particle is absorptive, a localized electromagnetic wave refracted into the scatterer is inhomogeneous, which requires the use of an effective refractive index to determine the propagation direction of the refracted ray. The effective refractive index for the first-order reflection–refraction event (i.e., the case for the ray-transmission from air into a particle) has been previously derived by the authors. In this study, we further develop recurrence formulae for the effective refractive indices associated with higher-order reflection–refraction events when the ray-transmission is from a particle to air. It is shown from the new formulae that effective refractive indices in this case depend upon ray history. Numerical results indicate that the real and imaginary parts of the effective refractive index are larger and smaller, respectively, than the real and imaginary parts of the inherent complex refractive index of an absorbing particle. Furthermore, if the particle faces associated with two sequential internal reflections are parallel to each other, the corresponding effective refractive indices are the same.     

植物油和动物脂肪在THz波段的吸收和色散

由超短激光脉冲产生的THz脉冲是具有较宽频带的电磁辐射，属于远红外波段，该波段电磁波与物质的相互作用是个崭新的研究领域.文章应用THz光谱技术研究了5种植物油和两种动物脂肪的THz光谱，得到了这些材料在0．2—1．6THz频率范围的折射率和吸收系数.结果表 明，不同种类的油脂具有不同的折射率，其中植物油的折射率随频率的增加而略有降低，其 值在1．46—1．66之间.吸收系数在0．2—1．2THz随频率的增加而增大.动物脂肪的折射率 随频率变化基本不变，并且随温度升高而增大，其值在1．4—1．52之间.吸收系数在0．2— 1．2THz随频率的增加而增大.该研究结果对于THz时域光谱技术应用于生物成像及生物医学 有重要的意义. 关键词： THz光谱技术 折射率 吸收系数 植物油 动物脂肪     

Wave refraction and backward magnon–plasmon polaritons in left-handed antiferromagnet/semiconductor superlattices

Characteristics of the bulk electromagnetic waves in teraHertz frequency region are examined in a left-handed superlattice (SL) which consists of alternating layers of nonmagnetic semiconductor and nonconducting antiferromagnetic materials. General problem on the sign of the refractive index for anisotropic media is considered. It is shown that the phase refraction index is always positive while the group refractive index can be negative when some general conditions are fulfilled. Effective permittivity and permeability tensors of the SL are derived for perpendicular and parallel orientation of the magnetic anisotropy axis with respect to the plane of the layers. Problem of anomalous refraction for transverse electric and transverse magnetic-type polarized waves is examined in such media. Analytical expressions for both the phase and group refractive indices are obtained for various propagated modes. It is shown that, in general, three different types of the refracted waves with different relative orientation of the phase and group velocity vectors are possible in left-handed media. Unusual peculiarities of the backward modes corresponding to the coupled magnon–plasmon polaritons are considered. It is shown, in particular, that the number of the backward modes depends on the free charge carrier's density in semiconductor layers, variation of which allows to create different frequency regions for the wave propagation.     

Determination of the optical and geometrical properties of fibres having skin–core structure

A method is suggested to determine both the refractive index and the transverse sectional shape and area of fibres, having skin–core structure, at the same time for the same region of the fibre. The method depends on using a fibre rotator device attached with Pluta polarizing interference microscope, to record the variation of the fibre thickness at each angle of rotation. Nylon 6 fibres having skin–core structure were used in this study. Beck-line method was used to determine the refractive index of the skin for light vibrating parallel and perpendicular to the fibre axis. To confirm the results of the suggested method, the optical microscope was used to determine the transverse sectional shapes of bundles of nylon 6 fibres. The mean refractive indices of the skin and core of nylon 6 fibres were determined. Microinterferograms are given for illustration.     

纳米孔隙薄膜中孔隙率与折射率关系的研究

用时域有限差分算法(FDTD)构造了纳米孔隙高分子薄膜的网格结构，并模拟了理想单色平面光波在纳米孔隙高分子薄膜中的传输过程，计算出不同孔隙率的薄膜所对应的等效折射率。模拟结果显示纳米孔隙薄膜的等效折射率与孔隙率呈线性递减的关系。还利用固体材料学中的混合材料等效介电常量理论建立了一种混合介质并联理论模型，很好地解释了纳米孔隙高分子薄膜孔隙率与等效折射率的关系而且得到了纳米孔隙高分子薄膜等效折射率与孔隙率的函数关系式。将模拟结果与混合介质并联理论模型相比较，发现该理论模型的函数曲线与时域有限差分算法模拟的结果相互吻合。