碳炔分子红外振动光谱的理论模拟研究

碳炔分子具有不同的结构，相应的红外谱图具有不同的振动吸收峰位。本文以GAUSSIAN98计算程序在HF水平选用6—31 G(d，p)基组对两种不同结构碳炔的红外光谱进行理论模拟计算。结果表明两种不同结构的碳炔分子的红外振动吸收峰位存在差异，不同共轭碳链长度影响红外吸收峰的峰位和峰强度。计算结果可应用于碳炔材料红外谱图的谱峰归属和分析。     

293～563 K下甲醇结构的研究

利用金刚石压腔和拉曼光谱,研究了甲醇从室温到563 K下的结构特征。结果表明：随着温度的升高,体系压力也在不断增大;ν_CH区伸缩振动和ν_OH区伸缩振动同时受到温度和压力的影响,但两种作用相反。由于压力效应大于温度效应,随温度压力的增大,ν_CH区伸缩振动的拉曼位移向高频方向移动,说明C—H键键能在增大;而O—H伸缩振动峰的相对面积随温度压力的增大而增大,说明对C—H键而言,O—H键总强度是增加的,由此推测在地质条件下,压力可能阻碍或延长了干酪根的降解生烃过程。     

氮氢共掺杂金刚石中氢的典型红外特征峰的表征

所有天然Ia型金刚石红外光谱中都存在3107 cm-1特征峰,而在金属触媒直接合成的金刚石红外光谱中没有检测出3107 cm-1特征峰.本文在6.3 GPa,1500?C条件下,通过Fe70Ni30触媒中添加P3N5直接合成出具有3107 cm-1特征峰的氮氢共掺杂的金刚石.红外光谱分析表明,合成的金刚石中氢有两种存在形式:一种对应着乙烯基团C=CH2中C—H键的伸缩振动(3107 cm-1)和弯曲振动(1450 cm-1)的吸收峰,另一种对应着sp3杂化C—H键的对称伸缩振动(2850 cm-1)和反对称伸缩振动(2920 cm-1)的吸收峰.通过分析发现,3107 cm-1吸收峰与金刚石中聚集态的氮原子有关,当金刚石中没有聚集态的氮元素时,即使氮含量高也不会出现3107 cm-1峰;并且2850和2920 cm-1附近的吸收峰比3107 cm-1附近的吸收峰更为普遍存在.这说明sp3杂化C—H键比乙烯基团的C—H键更广泛存在于金刚石中,从两者的峰值看,天然金刚石中的氢杂质主要以乙烯基团C=CH2存在.3107 cm-1吸收峰与聚集态的氮原子的这种存在关系为天然金刚石形成机制的研究提供了一种新思路,同时较低的合成条件也可能为氢与其他元素共掺杂合成具有n型半导体特性的金刚石提供一个较理想的合成环境.     

碳炔的热稳定性研究

碳炔是碳的同素异形体,利用聚偏氯乙烯和乙醇钠的均相脱HCl反应制备碳炔,并用原位红外测量装置研究了碳炔的热稳定性.结果表明,碳炔在室温下比较稳定,随温度升高稳定性快速降低,高于220C后碳炔结构已基本消失.     

钡铁氧体前驱体高能球磨过程的红外拟合光谱分析

高能球磨法是材料制备过程中常用的方法,通过物料在高速运转的过程中进行磨合而产生晶体空位缺陷,实现元素的掺杂,进而发生化学吸附或化学反应,合成产生新的物相,对于后续合成材料的性能有很大影响。钡铁氧体具有良好的磁性能,被用于功能材料制备的诸多领域。采用高能球磨法制备钡铁氧体前驱体,利用XRD,SEM和FTIR检测方法考察不同高能球磨时间下钡铁氧体前驱体物相、微观形貌及官能团的变化规律,并通过红外二阶导数光谱、拟合平滑光谱计算法,定量分析高能球磨过程中物相的变化规律。XRD及SEM检测结果表明,随球磨时间增加,钡铁氧体前驱体各物相的衍射峰宽度变宽,粉末细化,晶格逐渐发生畸变,产生晶体空位缺陷,从而使Ba溶入Fe₂O₃晶格中生成Ba_xFe_2-xO₃的固溶体,且产生吸附“团聚”现象;当球磨时间大于40 h时,发生“纳米尺寸效应”,生成有磁性的Fe₃O₄及Ba_xFe_3-xO₄固溶体。红外光谱分析结果显示,随着球磨时间的增加,BaCO₃和α-Fe₂O₃的特征峰均存在峰强减小、峰位发生明显移动的规律,表明随着球磨时间增加,BaCO₃和α-Fe₂O₃颗粒粒度变小,且发生化学吸附。通过红外光谱的平滑拟合光谱和二阶导数光谱计算可知,随球磨时间的增加,各吸收峰面积均明显减小。相对于球磨0 h,在球磨10,20和40 h后,波数473 cm-1的Fe—O键振动吸收峰的峰面积分别减少48.84%,65.97%和93.54%;而在波数540 cm-1处的Fe—O键吸收峰的峰面积则分别减少37.11%,51.76%和82.85%;同理,在波数856 cm-1处的O—C—O键的面内弯曲振动吸收峰的峰面积分别减少30.62%,44.71%和67.10%;在波数1 446 cm-1处的C—O键不对称伸缩振动峰的峰面积则分别减少0.03%,27.63%和57.90%。从定量分析的角度考察了钡铁氧体前驱体高能球磨过程中物相的变化规律并精准确定反应产物含量变化的百分比,对于后续材料的合成与性能随钡铁氧体前驱体物相不同而发生变化的研究有重要的指导意义。     

高k介质栅材料电子辐照下的红外研究

本文研究了SiO_2/Si、SiNX/Si、Al_2O_3/Si这三种具有不同介电常数(k)栅介质材料结构在1.7 MeV电子辐照前后的傅里叶红外光谱。随着辐照剂量的增大,三种结构的吸收峰强度均随之减小,其振动模式受到影响。电子辐照SiO_2/Si结构后,振动吸收峰随着辐照剂量的增大,由Si-O-Si、Si-O键引起的伸缩振动吸收峰的位置向低波数移动。电子辐照SiNX/Si结构后,由Si-N键、Si-O键引起的伸缩振动吸收峰的位置向高波数移动。电子辐照Al_2O_3/Si结构后,由Al_2O_3的晶格振动,Al-O-Al键引起的伸缩振动吸收峰的位置向高波数移动。吸收峰的变化为电子辐照不同介质材料引入的缺陷提供了新的信息。     

氮化碳分子内振动能量转移的超快二维红外光谱

利用碱处理法剥离制备了氮化碳重水胶体溶液,通过FTIR光谱表征发现其具有三个C=N伸缩振动吸收峰。根据文献构建了一系列氮化碳模型分子并对其开展振动光谱计算,对三个吸收峰进行了系统指认,结果表明三个吸收峰分别来自于三个不同区域的3-s-三嗪C=N键的伸缩振动。超快时间分辨的二维红外光谱手段观测到了发生在三个不同C=N伸缩振动模式间的能量转移。     

聚1，1-二氯乙烯（PVDC）热解产物的拉曼光谱

碳炔是一类新型的功能材料。本工作以PVDC为原料采用直接加热脱氯化氢的方法探索制备碳块的可能性,经热重分析（TGA）及拉曼光谱分析表明,加热产物中存在碳炔的结构。     

聚氯代烯烃脱氯化氢的红外光谱研究

用碱脱去聚卤代烯烃中的卤化氢是制备碳炔较为经济简单的方法.本工作分别以聚氯乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯(共聚体)、聚偏氯乙烯(均聚体)为原料,用氢氧化钾脱氯化氢制备碳炔,并利用红外光谱研究各产物中碳炔结构的变化规律,探讨碳炔制备的影响因素,总结得出均聚偏氯乙烯更适合用作制备碳炔的原料.     

银杏内酯分子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法详细考察四种银杏内酯分子(银杏内酯A、B、C和J)的结构和光谱性质.研究发现，改变银杏内酯上的取代基，银杏内酯分子骨架具有相对稳定的结构.基于优化得到的稳定结构，我们计算得到了四种银杏内酯分子的红外(Infrared,IR)光谱、拉曼(Raman)光谱和振动圆二色(Vibrational circular dichroism,VCD)光谱性质.我们发现，四种银杏内酯分子的IR光谱图在1100 cm-1有较明显的区别，这些振动峰主要是银杏内酯分子中C-O-C键的伸缩振动峰.在Raman光谱图中，波长在3600cm-1处为银杏内酯分子中羟基的伸缩振动，银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C分裂成了两个强度不等的振动峰，而银杏内酯J分子表现为一个宽的振动峰.在VCD光谱图中，我们发现四种银杏内酯分子在3800 cm-1附近有明显的区别.     

Raman spectroscopy of isolated carbyne chains confined in carbon nanotubes: Progress and prospects

Carbyne is an infinitely long linear chain of carbon atoms with sp¹ hybridization and the truly one-dimensional allotrope of carbon. While obtaining freestanding carbyne is still an open challenge, the study of confined carbyne, linear chains of carbon encapsulated in carbon nanotubes, provides a pathway to explore carbyne and its remarkable properties in a well-defined environment. In this review, we discuss the basics and recent advances in studying single confined carbyne chains by Raman spectroscopy, which is their primary spectroscopic characterization method. We highlight where single carbyne chain studies are needed to advance our understanding of confined carbyne as a material system and provide an overview of the open questions that need to be addressed and of those aspects currently under debate.     

Length and temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of finite-size carbyne

Carbyne is an ideal one-dimensional conductor and the thinnest interconnection in an ultimate nano-device and it requires an understanding of the mechanical properties that affect device performance and reliability. Here, we report the mechanical properties of finite-size carbyne, obtained by a molecular dynamics simulation study based on the adaptive intermolecular reactive empirical bond order potential. To avoid confusion in assigning the effective cross-sectional area of carbyne, the value of the effective cross-sectional area of carbyne (4.148 Å²) was deduced via experiment and adopted in our study. Ends-constraints effects on the ultimate stress (maximum force) of the carbyne chains are investigated, revealing that the molecular dynamics simulation results agree very well with the experimental results. The ultimate strength, Young's Modulus and maximum strain of carbyne are rather sensitive to the temperature and all decrease with the temperature. Opposite tendencies of the length dependence of the overall ultimate strength and maximum strain of carbyne at room temperature and very low temperature have been found, and analyses show that this originates in the ends effect of carbyne.     

The influence of hydrogen impurities on the atomic and electronic structures of carbyne crystals

An ab initio DFT study of atomic and electronic structure of carbyne crystals was carried out. The influence of hydrogen impurities on carbyne structure was investigated. Calculations with atomic relaxations showed that carbon chains in the carbyne crystal structure are bow-like curved; free-energy calculations showed that the most probable lengths of those chains are four and six atoms, which is in a good agreement with experiments. Carbyne-crystal electronic-structure analysis showed that there is a small gap of 0.09 eV near the Fermi level in four-atomic carbyne, while there is no such gap in six-atomic carbyne. In studying of the hydrogen impurity influence on the atomic and electronic structure of carbyne crystals, hydrogen atoms were embedded in two directions: across and along carbon chains in the crystal. As a result we found that the crystal structure is not distorted in the case of hydrogen embedded across the chains, while the type of bonding between carbon atoms in carbon chains in the carbyne crystal structure depended on the impurity concentration. The crystal structure was distorted when hydrogen was embedded along the chains. The concentration of impurities influences the conductivity of a carbyne crystal.     

One-dimensional sp carbon: Synthesis,properties, and modifications

Carbyne, as the truly one-dimensional carbon allotrope with sp-hybridization, has attracted significant interest in recent years, showing potential applications in next-generation molecular devices due to its ultimate one-atom thinness. Various excellent properties of carbyne have been predicted, however, free-standing carbyne sample is extremely unstable and the corresponding experimental researches and modifications are under-developed compared to other known carbon allotropes. The synthesis of carbyne has been slowly developed for the past decades. Recently, there have been several breakthroughs in in-situ synthesis and measurement of carbyne related materials, as well as the preparation of ultra-long carbon chains toward infinite carbyne. These progresses have aroused widespread discussion in the academic community. In this review, the latest approaches in the synthesis of sp carbon are summarized. We then discuss its extraordinary properties, including mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties, especially focusing on the regulations of these properties. Finally, we provide a perspective on the development of carbyne.     

Electronic structure of carbyne studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy

The electronic structure of amorphous carbyne has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy. Carbyne band structure has been calculated semiempirically and the experimental data have been interpreted on the basis of the calculation results. The valence band width was found to be about 20 eV which is the same as that in all other condensed carbon structures. The fine satellite structure near the 1s line of carbon has been studied. It is shown that the energy bands in carbyne are arranged in a mirror-like way relative to the Fermi level. The real carbyne structure is susceptible to conformations which affect primarily the π-subband structure.     

Extraordinary mechanical performance in charged carbyne

Carbyne, the linear chain of carbon, promises the strongest and toughest material but possesses a Peierls instability (alternating single-bonds and triple-bonds) that reduces its strength and toughness. Herein, we computationally found that the gravimetric strength, strain-to-failure, and gravimetric toughness can be improved from 74 GPa·g^-1·cm³, 18%, and 9.4 kJ·g^-1 for pristine carbyne to the highest values of 106 GPa·g^-1·cm³, 26%, and 19.0 kJ·g^-1 for carbyne upon hole injection of +0.07 e/atom, indicating the charged carbyne with record-breaking mechanical performance. Based on the analyses of the atomic and electronic structures, the underlying mechanism behind the record-breaking mechanical performance was revealed as the suppressed and even eliminated bond alternation of carbyne upon charge injection.     

Structural transformations of the cumulene form of amorphous carbyne at high pressure

Structural transformations of the cumulene form of amorphous carbyne which are induced by heating at high pressure (7.7 GPa) are investigated. These can be described by the sequence amorphous phase — crystal — amorphous phase — disordered graphite. Raman scattering shows that predominately the chain structure of carbyne remains at the first three stages. It was found that the intermediate crystalline phase is an unknown modification of carbon whose structure is identified as cubic (a=3.145 Å). A mechanism of structural transformations in carbyne that involves the formation of new covalent bonds between chains is discussed. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 4, 237–242 (25 August 1997)     

异多核金属三键(W≡C)有机化合物的红外和拉曼光谱研究

五种 (Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅳ ,Ⅴ )异多核金属钨三键W≡C金属有机化合物的红外和拉曼光谱研究表明 ,由于N和P原子为强的σ 给予体和弱的π 接受体 ,在金属原子上分别引入含N或P的功能基团 (TMEDA或DPPE)将降低金属三键 (W≡C)的键强度 ,W≡C伸缩振动νW≡C 波数下降。化合物Ⅲ的压力调制红外和拉曼光谱显示 ,在 2 0kbar压力附近存在一压力诱导相变。低压相区高的压力灵敏度dv/dp(0 75cm-1·kbar-1)和高压相区很低的压力灵敏度 (0 0 8cm-1·kbar-1)指出 ,对W≡C键存在两种压力效应 ,一种是正常的 ,W≡C键强度随压力增加而增强 ,伸缩振动 νW≡C 波数增加 ;另一种是随着压力增加 ,从W到COπ 轨道反馈增加 ,导致W≡C键强度减弱 ,伸缩振动νW≡C 波数下降。