基于中国参考人体素模型环境外照射剂量转换系数的计算

基于中国参考人体素模型计算地面污染和空气浸没情况下环境外照射剂量转换系数,主要用于核事故情况下公众及工作人员有效剂量的快速估算.首先,采用二次源项方法,基于Geant4模拟进入人体周围圆柱面入射光子的高度、角度和能量分布;其次,利用中国参考人体素模型和二次源项结果作为MCNPX模拟的输入项,计算15 keV至10 MeV能量范围内20组单能光子外照射剂量转换系数,和文献数据吻合;最后,利用ICRP第107报告核素衰变程序并对单能光子外照射剂量转换系数进行插值,计算了核事故情况下68种常见核素外照射剂量转换系数.与本文结果对比,国标中用于快速估算人员受照剂量转换系数值在地表沉积情况下偏保守,而空气浸没下中高Z放射性核素则偏低.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的α粒子细胞S值计算

在放射性免疫治疗以及硼中子俘获治疗（BNCT）等放射性治疗过程中,粒子通过与人体组织材料相互作用产生次级电子将能量传递给人体组织,放射性核素在细胞尺度分布的不均匀性将严重影响靶区剂量分布。为深入了解放射性核素在细胞中不同位置分布对靶区剂量影响,采用基于历史凝聚算法的Monte Carlo 工具包Geant4编写了细胞S值计算程序。计算了2种细胞尺寸,12种粒子能量,3种源分布方式的细胞S值,与医学内照射剂量（MIRD）委员会解析算法的计算结果进行对比,发现两者差异在1%以内。证明了Geant4在m尺度下细胞剂量计算的可行性,并对BNCT治疗过程中产生的粒子(1.47 MeV与1.78 MeV)的细胞S值进行计算。     

超环面全息光栅记录参数的选取

为制造消象差的、用于濑谷-波冈单色仪上的超环面全息光栅,我们发展了一种计算方法,本文描述了确定适当记录参数的程序,理论上的结果表明了这个计算方法是可用的.     

基于Geant4的反应堆临界及动态计算方法

Geant4是一款基于C++面向对象技术的蒙特卡罗开发程序包,可以模拟各种已知粒子与物质之间的相互作用。然而该程序包没有提供临界源功能,无法直接用于反应堆物理计算。因此,利用Geant4提供的基础物理模型和粒子跟踪控制等功能,用两种不同方法实现了临界源的设置,实现了基于Geant4的反应堆静态计算程序G4-RSM和反应堆动态计算程序G4-RDM。两个程序均可用于反应堆临界计算,与MCNP计算结果相对误差在5%以内。G4-RDM程序除可用于临界计算外,还可用于模拟堆内事故工况下的中子学瞬态变化。     

基于脉管制冷机的二维可压缩流动数值计算程序的开发与应用

本文在SIMPLEC计算程序的基础上,开发了适用于各种流动Mach的计算程序,既能用于计算不可压缩流体,又可以计算可压缩流动。利用此程序计算了一些典型算例,和有关文献结果符合较好。最后利用可压缩程序计算了小孔型脉管制冷机当小孔处于最佳开度时小孔处的气流分布。     

单晶结构分析的次级消光校正

本文描述了一种在晶体结构分析中把次级消光作为最小二乘参数进行校正的方法及其计算程序,并给出它用于几个晶体结构修正的效果。 关键词：     

中国数字人体男性数学模型建立及外辐射模拟

基于中国数字人男一号高分辨人体结构数据集，通过最小包围盒方法获取中国数字人体男性体素模型各器官空间位置和尺寸信息，建立了中国数字人体男性数学模型，并通过变形实现了不同身高模型的构建。采用蒙特卡罗方法进行了不同能量下光子中子的外部辐射模拟。通过结果对比发现，数学模型与体素模型模拟结果趋势一致，但器官位置和质量对剂量影响较大，低能级下尤为明显。对于不同身高模型，小型个体剂量大于大型个体，深层器官剂量较浅层器官对器官尺寸更为敏感。数学模型定义简单，存储空间小，有利于人体辐射剂量的快速计算。     

用傅立叶变换方法计算热中子散射律

本文主要讨论运用傅立叶变换方法计算热中子散射律RSLT-1程序的特点以及用于实际慢化剂的计算结果分析。     

基于JMCT和FLUENT的物理-热工耦合计算

基于蒙特卡罗程序JMCT2.2和商用CFD程序FLUENT,通过C++语言,采用外耦合的方式开发了一套耦合接口程序。利用JMCT网格和FLUENT计算域之间一一映射的方式完成物理模型和CFD模型之间的网格匹配,实现了物理模型的简单划分和CFD模型网格的精细划分。利用该耦合程序计算了压水堆单根燃料棒模型和3×3带水洞的燃料子组件模型,并与MCNP与FLUENT耦合计算结果进行对比。计算结果表明,使用本文的方法,耦合JMCT程序与FLUENT程序能够用于物理-热工耦合计算并准确提供其反馈参数。     

用耦合波方法研究取样光栅的衍射特性

 介绍了利用耦合波理论编写计算光栅衍射特性程序的基本思想和主要步骤。利用编写的程序计算并分析了一种用于激光取样光栅TE波和TM波的衍射特性。     

STM and AFM observations of damage produced by swift Ne and Kr ions in graphite

Radiation damage of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) samples have been investigated following irradiation with 215 MeV Ne and 209 MeV Kr ions, available at U-400 cyclotron, Dubna. A freshly cleaved HOPG surface was irradiated perpendicularly to the sample surface (c plane). A low ion irradiation dose was used (10¹² ions/cm²) in order to avoid damage overlap. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are useful methods allowing direct observation of surface defects. The observations were made after irradiation without any further sample preparation. The experimental results are compared to computer simulations (TRIM code) and primary knonked-on atomic spectrum calculations (LET code). Clear distinction can be made between surface features attributed to nuclear stopping effects and defects owing to electronic stopping mechanisms.     

A 3-D radiation model for non-grey gases

A three-dimensional radiation code based on method of lines (MOL) solution of discrete ordinates method (DOM) coupled with spectral line-based weighted sum of grey gases (SLW) model for radiative heat transfer in non-grey absorbing-emitting media for use in conjunction with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on the same approach was developed. The code was applied to three test problems: two containing isothermal homogenous/non-homogenous water vapor and one non-isothermal water vapor/carbon dioxide mixture. Predictive accuracy of the code was evaluated by benchmarking its steady-state predictions against accurate results, calculated by ray tracing method with statistical narrow band model, available in the literature. Comparative testing with solutions of other methods is also provided. Comparisons reveal that MOL solution of DOM with SLW model provides accurate solutions for radiative heat fluxes and source terms and can be used with confidence in conjunction with CFD codes based on MOL.     

一种新的大容量的二维光正交码

构造了一种扩展的双曲线性同余码(EHLC)并分析了其码字性能.用该码作为时间扩频伪随机序列和以素数码(PC)作为波长跳频伪随机序列,再构成一种新的二维光正交码EHLC/PC.然后分析了EHLC/PC码字的性能,并与EQC/PC作了比较.相比之下,前者的互相关性能略有下降,但码字容量大大增加.因此,EHLC/PC适合于用户数较多的OCDMA系统.     

A novel block turbo code for high-speed long-haul DWDM optical communication systems

A novel super forward error correction (SFEC) coding scheme, based on the block turbo code (BTC) of Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocguenghem (BCH)(64,57)×BCH(64,57), in high-speed long-haul dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication systems is proposed. The simulation results and its analyses show that the net coding gain (NCG) of the novel SFEC code at iteration 6 is, respectively, 0.31 and 0.34 dB more than those of the BCH(3860, 3824)+BCH(2040, 1930) code and Reed–Solomon (RS)(255,239)+convolutional–self-orthogonal code (CSOC)(k₀/n₀=6/7, J=8) code in the Recommendation of ITU-T G.975.1 at iteration 3 for the bit error rate (BER) of 10⁻¹². The performance analyses for the novel SFEC code show that it has excellent advantages such as the shorter component code and rapid encoding/decoding speed; thus, both the complexity to implement its software/hardware and the delay time for its encoding/decoding can be greatly reduced. As a result, the novel SFEC coding scheme can better be applicable in high-speed long-haul DWDM optical communication systems. In addition, the design and implementation of the novel BTC are also analyzed and probed.     

一种基于扩展素数码和单重合序列的二维光正交码EPC/OCS

以扩展素数码(EPC)作为时间扩频伪随机序列，单重合序列(OCS)作为波长跳频伪随机序列，构造了一种新的二维光正交码EPC/OCS，并分析了码字的互相关性能.与修正素数跳频码MPHC相比，EPC/OCS的波长数并不局限于素数，可以是任意整数，不仅构造灵活，而且可充分利用MW OCDMA系统的有效波长数.当系统的有效波长数大于某个素数时，EPC/OCS不仅码字容量大于MPHC，而且互相关性能也有所改善.理论分析表明，EPC/OCS可降低MW OCDMA系统误码率.     

Measurements of the secondary particle energy spectra in the Space Shuttle

Measurements of the energy spectra of secondary particles produced by galactic cosmic rays and trapped protons due to the nuclear interactions of these particles with the Shuttle shielding provide a powerful tool for validating radiation transport codes. A code validated in this way can be used to better estimate the dose and dose equivalent to body organs, measurements that cannot be made directly. The principal cause of single event upsets in electronic devices in the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly is secondary particles, and even in the region of galactic cosmic radiation a significant fraction is produced by secondary particles. In this paper, we describe the first direct measurements of the energy spectra of secondary protons, deuterons, tritons, 3He and 4He produced by galactic cosmic rays inside the Space Shuttle using a charged particle spectrometer. A comparison of these spectra with radiation transport code HZETRN showed reasonably good agreement for secondary protons. However, the code seriously underestimated the flux of all other light ions. The code has been modified to include pick-up and knock-on processes. The modified code leads to good agreement for deuterons and 3He but not for other light ions. This revised code leads to about 10% higher dose equivalent than the original code under moderate shielding, if we assume that higher charge ion fluxes are correctly predicted by the model.     

基于AT89C51数控电流源的设计

系统以AT89C51单片机为主控制器,由电流源、DA转换、AD转换和LED数码管等模块组成。利用电流负反馈和键盘设置,实现数控直流电流源,并能将预设的电流值与实际值在数码管上交替显示,通过检测证明本系统输出电流稳定。     

Present status and validation of HIBRAC

This paper describes in detail the latest version of HIBRAC, a computer code to calculate one-dimensional deterministic particle transport, designed for application in treatment-planning systems when using highly energetic ions for radiotherapy. HIBRAC can calculate dose, dose-average LET (Linear Energy Transfer), track-average LET, fluence and energy distributions as a function of the penetration depth of light ion beams in any solid and fluid target material. The validity of the code is verified against measured dose and fluence distributions. The code shows good agreement for all the systems studied.     

Radiation damage reveals promising interaction position

High‐resolution structural data of protein inhibitor complexes are the key to rational drug design. Synchrotron radiation allows for atomic resolutions but is frequently accompanied by radiation damage to protein complexes. In this study a human aldose reductase mutant complexed with a bromine‐substituted inhibitor was determined to atomic resolution [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code 3onc ]. Though the radiation dose was moderate, a selective disruption of a bromine–inhibitor bond during the experiment was observed while the protein appears unaffected. A covalent bond to bromine is cleaved and the displaced atom is not scattered throughout the crystal but can most likely be assigned as a bromide to an additional difference electron density peak observed in the structure. The bromide relocates to an adjacent unoccupied site where promising interactions to protein residues stabilize its position. These findings were verified by a second similar structure determined with considerably higher radiation dose (PDB code 3onb ).     

激光等离子体相互作用的2(1/2)维粒子模拟程序

研制了2(1/2)维粒子模拟程序PLASIM(Plasma Simulator),介绍经过验证的该粒子模拟程序的算法,其特点是自含碰撞,即β粒子云模型的选取使得该程序无需额外的计算开销就能在程序中自洽地含有碰撞,使计算结果更加符合实际情况.另外电子和离子的运动都是相对论的,适于模拟超强激光与等离子体的相互作用.