VES—CO2清洁泡沫压裂液携砂性能实验研究

在大型高压泡沫压裂液实验回路上,对VES—C02清洁泡沫压裂液的携砂性能进行了实验研究。分析了携砂泡沫压裂液流动时临界沉降速度的产生原因,并根据实验结果分析了温度、泡沫质量及支撑剂浓度对临界沉降流速的影响。临界沉降流速随温度的升高而增大,随泡沫质量和支撑剂体积浓度的增大而减小,研究发现当支撑剂浓度大于0．25时,开始出...     

ZrO_2-水纳米流体管内层流流动特性的实验研究

实验研究了粒径为50 nm,质量分数为0.2%,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%的ZrO_2-水纳米流体分别在弯管和直管内的流动特性以及纳米流体的稳定性.实验结果表明:通过加入分散剂使纳米流体稳定性得到显著提高,在相同温度的层流状态下,弯管的流动阻力系数大于直管.纳米流体的黏度随着质量分数的增大而增大,在相同Re下,纳米流体在层流区内阻力系数随纳米流体质量分数的增加而增大.     

交联氮气泡沫压裂液的携砂性能研究

在大型高压泡沫压裂液实验回路上,对交联氮气泡沫压裂液的携砂性能进行了实验研究.分析了携砂泡沫压裂液流动时临界携砂流速的产生原因,并根据实验结果分析了温度,压力、泡沫质量及支撑剂浓度对临界携砂流速的影响.临界携砂流速随温度的升高而增大,随压力、泡沫质量和支撑剂体积浓度的增大而减小,研究发现当支撑剂浓度大于0.17时,开始...     

小圆管内纳米流体层流流动特性的实验研究

实验研究了水平圆管内CuO-水纳米流体在层流区的流动特性,CuO纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.5%、1%、2%,平均温度为30℃、40℃、50℃,实验研究表明:在本试验范围内,流动阻力的大小同温度的升高呈现降低趋势,而随质量分数的增加变化不大.     

油水两相在不同展角裂缝中的水平流动特性

在缝宽7 mm、缝展198 mm、缝长3000 mm的裂缝中,选择缝展方向与水平方向成0°、45°和90°展角布置,研究了裂缝展角对油水两相流水平流动特性的影响,并与圆管中的油水两相流进行了比较.研究表明,展角对油水两相流的流型有一定影响,对混合度系数与有效黏度则影响不大,对"水包油"和"油包水"相态逆转的发生影响不大.对应于相同的流速和含油率,不同展角裂缝以及圆管中的油水两相流,其有效黏度几乎相同.     

多孔介质中卡森流体的分形分析

研究了非牛顿流体中的卡森流体在多孔介质中的流动特性.基于服从分形分布的弯曲毛细管束模型,运用分形几何理论推导出了该流体在多孔介质中流动的流量、流速、启动压力梯度和有效渗透率的分形解析解.模型中的每一个参数都有明确的物理意义,它将卡森流体在多孔介质中的流动特性与多孔介质的微结构参数有机联系起来.文中给出了卡森流体的流速、启动压力梯度和有效渗透率随着各影响因素的变化趋势,并进行了讨论.所得分形模型可以更深刻地理解卡森流体在多孔介质中流动的内在物理机理. 关键词： 多孔介质 卡森流体 分形     

矩形微通道中气–非牛顿流体两相流实验研究

本文通过实验研究了空气与非牛顿流体在小尺寸矩形微通道中的两相流动特性,给出了在不同气液两相流速下的流型图。同时比较了气液两相流速,液相黏度,表面张力,微通道尺寸对各流型分布区域以及Taylor气泡/液柱长度的影响。发现气液两相流流速变化对流型区域的影响极为明显,而黏性力和表面张力只是在局部范围改变了流型分布。Taylor气泡长度随气液两相流速比增大而增大,随液相黏度及表面张力增大而减小。液柱长度随液相黏度增大而增大,随两相流速比及表面张力增大而减小。最后,我们给出了基于无量纲数JG/JL,Re和Ca的Taylor气泡/液柱长度预测公式,公式预测结果与实验结果基本一致。     

竖管中CO2泡沫压裂液的管流阻力特性

CO2泡沫压裂液具有非牛顿流体性质,其在实际施工条件下的油管流动特性直接影响到对井底射孔处的压力确定,从而对进行准确的裂缝预测、压裂效果评估具有重要的意义。对垂直下降管中CO2泡沫压裂液的管流阻力特性进行了实验研究,二氧化碳泡沫压裂液的摩擦阻力随着流速的增大而增大,随着温度和压力的增大而减小;并通过实验研究得出了泡沫压裂液在垂直下降管中流动时的摩擦阻力系数的计算关联式,其在本文实验工况下的平均计算误差为14.8％。     

流动聚焦微通道中双重乳液乳化行为研究

本文基于VOF(Volume of Fluid)相界面追踪方法,建立了流动聚焦微通道中双乳液液滴形成的模型,研究了互不相溶的三种流体在微流控系统中形成双重液滴的典型物理过程,给出了双重液滴形成的典型工况,分析了流动参数和工质物性对液滴形成过程的影响。结果表明:双重乳液液滴形成过程可分为滴式与喷式两种模式;外流体流量增大时液滴形成模式由滴式转变为喷式,所形成的双重液滴尺寸减小;中间流体流量变化对液滴形成模式、所形成的双重乳液内液滴尺寸影响不明显,外液滴随中间流体流量增大而增大。     

纳米流体的激光自混频功率谱密度研究

纳米流体运动特性和颗粒参数的测量对纳米流体换热效率的研究具有重要意义。本文将激光自混频技术应用于纳米流体测量中,给出了自混频信号功率谱密度函数的表达式并实验研究其变化规律。研究结果表明,功率谱密度展宽具有佛克脱函数的形式。激光垂直入射流动样品池时,功率谱密度得到展宽,展宽程度随着定向流速的增大或束腰半径的减小而增大。激光倾斜入射流动样品池时,功率谱密度在展宽的同时还伴随多普勒峰移,其位置随着定向流速的增大或散射矢量与定向流速之夹角的减小而迁移至高频。     

The instability of streaming fluids with fine dust in porous medium

The instability of the plane interface between two uniform, superposed, and streaming fluids permeated with suspended particles through porous medium is considered. The effect of a uniform horizontal magnetic field on the problem is also studied. In the absence of surface tension, perturbations transverse to the direction of streaming are found to be unaffected by the presence of streaming if perturbations in the direction of streaming are ignored, whereas for perturbations in all other directions there exists instability for a certain wavenumber range. The instability of the system is postponed by the presence of magnetic field. The magnetic field and surface tension are able to suppress this Kelvin-Helmholtz instability for small wavelength perturbations and the medium porosity reduces the stability range given in terms of a difference in streaming velocities and the Alfvén velocity. The suspended particles do not affect the above results.     

Aggregation of particles settling in shear-thinning fluids

We have experimentally studied the coaxial settling of three identical non-Brownian spheres in a shear-thinning fluid at small Reynolds numbers. While settling, the particles create corridors of reduced viscosity in their wake and, if they are initially close enough to one another, they can form stable clusters. By analogy with previous results obtained on two-particle interaction in the first part of this work, we show that the particle velocities can be satisfactorily described using a first-order expression and assuming that the reduced viscosity remains constant. We report systematic experiments performed at different initial separation distances between particles and the use of our simple model allows the prediction of the settling behaviour and in particular the conditions for clusters formation. We thus show that particle aggregation can occur even for large initial distances between particles and within times that are small compared to the time scales in Newtonian fluids. Received 10 July 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: talini@fast.u-psud.fr     

Lattice Boltzmann method for three-dimensional moving particles in a Newtonian fluid

A lattice Boltzmann method is developed to simulate three-dimensional solid particle motions in fluids. In the present model, a uniform grid is used and the exact spatial location of the physical boundary of the suspended particles is determined using an interpolation scheme. The numerical accuracy and efficiency of the proposed lattice Boltzmann method is demonstrated by simulating the sedimentation of a single sphere in a square cylinder. Highly accurate simulation results can be achieved with few meshes, compared with the previous lattice Boltzmann methods. The present method is expected to find applications on the flow systems with moving boundaries, such as the blood flow in distensible vessels, the particle－flow interaction and the solidification of alloys.     

Aggregation of particles settling in shear-thinning fluids

We have experimentally studied the coaxial settling of three identical non-Brownian spheres in a shear-thinning fluid at small Reynolds numbers. While settling, the particles create corridors of reduced viscosity in their wake and, if they are initially close enough to one another, they can form stable clusters. By analogy with previous results obtained on two-particle interaction in the first part of this work, we show that the particle velocities can be satisfactorily described using a first-order expression and assuming that the reduced viscosity remains constant. We report systematic experiments performed at different initial separation distances between particles and the use of our simple model allows the prediction of the settling behaviour and in particular the conditions for clusters formation. We thus show that particle aggregation can occur even for large initial distances between particles and within times that are small compared to the time scales in Newtonian fluids.     

圆截面直流道中微粒黏弹性聚焦机理研究

微粒黏弹性聚焦技术近年来受到了广泛的研究重视, 但影响粒子聚焦特性的关键参数调控机理仍不清楚. 基于此目的, 本文量化研究了圆截面直流道中非牛顿流体诱导微粒黏弹性聚焦的行为, 给出了流速和流道长度对粒子聚焦特性的调控机理. 具体而言: 首先, 对比分析不同黏度牛顿流体(水和22 wt%甘油水溶液)和非牛顿流体(8 wt%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液)中粒子横向迁移行为, 发现非牛顿流体中粒子将在弹性力主导下聚焦至流道中心区域, 而牛顿流体中粒子则在惯性升力主导下迁移形成Segré-Silberberg圆环. 其次, 量化分析粒子尺寸和驱动流速对黏弹性聚焦效果的影响, 发现随着流速的增加, 粒子聚焦效果逐渐变好并最终趋于稳定, 且大粒子较小粒子具有更好的聚焦效果. 最后, 研究粒子沿流道长度的动态聚焦过程, 推导并验证了粒子聚焦所需安全流道长度的数学模型, 发现大粒子聚焦所需安全流道长度显著短于小粒子. 上述研究结果对于提升粒子黏弹性聚焦机理和过程的理解, 实现微粒聚焦特性的灵活控制具有非常重要的意义.     

沉降对带电胶体粒子结晶过程的影响

采用密度匹配法(重水与水按一定比例混合),以及反射光谱法,研究了重力沉降作用对直径为98 nm的带电胶体粒子结晶过程的影响. 结果表明,重力沉降在晶体生长的初期提高了晶体生长速率,而后期降低了晶体生长速率,这是由于在晶体生长初期,沉降作用可使更多的粒子结合到晶体结构中,而当晶体尺寸进一步增加,其沉降速率也相应地增大,晶相与液相间的摩擦阻力导致一部分颗粒从胶体晶体上脱落. 总的来说,重力沉降在初期加剧了晶体的生长,后期阻碍了晶体的生长. 另外,在微重力环境下形成的胶体晶体比在重力环境下形成的胶体晶体更加完整紧密.     

梯度磁场下磁流体三维结构的格子-Boltzmann方法模拟

考虑磁性颗粒受到的各种内力与外力包括重力、布朗力、van der、Waaks力、磁偶极-偶极作用力以及外磁场作用力,建立了描述磁流体结构的两相格子-Boltzmann三维模型,对外加梯度磁场条件下磁流体的介观结构进行了模拟.模拟结果表明:外加梯度磁场时磁流体粒子沿梯度方向聚集并出现分层现象,且随时间推移和外加磁场增大,分层现象越来越明显.     

Polar molecule dominated electrorheological effect

The yield stress of our newly developed electrorheological (ER) fluids consisting of dielectric nano-particles suspended in silicone oil reaches hundreds of kPa, which is orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional ones. We found that the polar molecules adsorbed on the particles play a decisive role in such new ER fluids. To explain this polar molecule dominated ER (PM-ER) effect a model is proposed based on the interaction of polar molecule-charge between the particles, where the local electric field is significantly enhanced and results in the polar molecules aligning in the direction of the electric field. The model can well explain the giant ER effect and a near-linear dependence of the yield stress on the electric field. The main effective factors for achieving high-performance PM-ER fluids are discussed. The PM-ER fluids with the yield stress higher than one MPa can be expected.     

Distribution of micrometer-size particles in magnetic fluids in the presence of steady uniform magnetic field

In this paper, distribution of suspended micrometer-size particles in magnetic fluids is investigated. Microstructure formation of particles in magnetic fluids is simulated by using the discrete particle method based on the simplified Stokes dynamics. Not only magnetic particles but also nonmagnetic particles are rearranged in the field direction and form chain-like clusters due to the apparent magnetization in magnetic fluids in the presence of magnetic field. When the diameter of nonmagnetic particles is smaller than that of magnetic particles, nonmagnetic particles move into the empty space of microstructure of magnetic particles, and they are rearranged in the field direction. Uniformity of distribution of particles on the plane perpendicular to the field direction is maintained even after microstructure formation.