激光晶体角色散对克尔透镜锁模激光器二阶、三阶色散的影响

对常规的带有棱镜对色散补偿的四镜腔固体克尔透镜锁模激光器,现有文献只考虑晶体的材料色散而忽略了晶体的斜入射所带来的角色散.首次给出了由于在晶体处的斜入射,不同波长的光线在该激光谐振腔中的振荡回路.给出了考虑晶体处的斜入射后二阶、三阶色散的解析表达式.并计算了斜入射带来的对激光晶体和棱镜对系统二阶、三阶色散的影响.     

激光晶体角色散对克尔透镜锁模激光器二阶、三阶色散的影响

对常规的带有棱镜对色散补偿的四镜腔固体克尔透镜锁模激光器,现有文献只考虑晶体的材料色散而忽略了晶体的斜入射所带来的角色散.首次给出了由于在晶体处的斜入射,不同波长的光线在该激光谐振腔中的振荡回路.给出了考虑晶体处的斜入射后二阶、三阶色散的解析表达式.并计算了斜入射带来的对激光晶体和棱镜对系统二阶、三阶色散的影响.     

正色散激光器中的增益导引孤子

采用非线性薛定谔方程模拟了全正色散介质激光器中实现脉冲锁模输出的动态过程,理论表明,不同于工作于净色散为负的孤子锁模激光器以及腔内具有色散延迟线净色散为正的色散管理孤子和自相似脉冲锁模激光器,在纯正色散介质构成的锁模激光器中,增益饱和和增益窄化对形成稳定的锁模脉冲起重要的作用,在两者的作用下脉冲形成增益导引孤子.采用不同的锁模方式在纯正色散光纤锁模激光器中得到了稳定的增益导引孤子锁模,实验结果与理论模拟一致. 关键词： 锁模 正色散 增益导引孤子     

低抽运三镜腔自锁模掺钛蓝宝石激光器的理论与实验研究

实现了低抽运三镜腔自锁模掺钛蓝宝石激光器的自锁模运转,对该激光器的自锁模区进行了实验研究,并对象散、稳定性、光束参量和克尔自聚焦强度与腔参量的关系进行了系统的理论计算.该计算为自锁模固体激光器的设计和调整提供了理论依据.     

低抽运三镜腔自锁模掺钛蓝宝石激光器的理论与实验研究

实现了低抽运三镜腔自锁模掺钛蓝宝石激光器的自锁模运转,对该激光器的自锁模区进行了实验研究,并对象散、稳定性、光束参量和克尔自聚焦强度与腔参量的关系进行了系统的理论计算.该计算为自锁模固体激光器的设计和调整提供了理论依据. 关键词：     

自锁模Cr4+∶YAG激光器的色散补偿研究

从棱镜对补偿色散的原理出发,介绍了Cr4+∶ YAG锁模激光器中色散补偿的特点,发现熔融石英作为色散补偿元件,不仅可以完全补偿二阶色散,而且三阶色散也得到了一定的补偿,并得到了脉冲宽度最小为65 fs,中心波长为1520 nm,重复频率为120 MHz的脉冲序列.     

自锁模Cr^4＋：YAG激光器的色散补偿研究

从棱镜对补偿色散的原理出发，介绍了Cr^4 ：YAG锁模激光器中色散补偿的特点，发现熔融石英作为色散补偿元件，不仅可以完全补偿二阶色散，而且三阶色散也得到了一定的补偿，并得到了脉冲宽度最小为65fs，中心波长为1520nm，重复频率为120MHz的脉冲序列。     

输出近百纳焦耳脉冲能量的光子晶体光纤锁模激光器

设计并搭建了一种支持百纳焦耳量级的单脉冲能量输出的锁模光纤激光器.激光器基于σ型腔结构,采用掺Yb偏振型大模场面积光子晶体光纤作为增益介质,利用半导体可饱和吸收镜实现自启动锁模.激光器内没有色散补偿机理,使其工作在全正色散锁模状态.通过在谐振腔内引入多通长腔使激光器的重复频率降低至11.1 MHz,直接获得了平均功率为1.08 W,单脉冲能量为 97 nJ,脉冲宽度为4.17 ps的稳定锁模脉冲输出,经腔外色散补偿,脉冲宽度压缩至740 fs.     

强双折射光纤中色散效应对偏振模传输的影响

本文研究了在强双折射光纤中色散效应对偏振模传输的影响.发现当二阶色散系数较大时,偏振模能稳定传输,但所需入纤功率较高;当降低二阶色散影响以降低对光源要求时,三阶色散对偏振模长距离传输起破坏作用,三阶色散参量越大,对偏振模的破坏也越大.     

采用双石英棱镜对的掺钛蓝宝石自锁模激光器

给出了双棱镜对二、三阶色散的解析式。报道了采用双石英棱镜对的掺钛蓝宝石自锁模激光器的实验结果，获得与理论分析一致的结论。     

飞秒光参量振荡器中非线性晶体的空间啁啾与角色散

对飞秒光参量振荡器的空间啁啾和角色散进行了理论计算和分析.给出了在非线性晶体中的空间啁啾表达式，以及在BBO晶体Ⅰ类非共线相位匹配情况下，在角度调谐过程中非线性晶体包括角色散在内的二阶、三阶色散的解析表达式，并精确计算了角色散对其二阶、三阶色散的影响. 关键词： 飞秒光参量振荡器 空间啁啾 角色散 二阶、三阶色散     

The Nature of Surface Charges on α‐Cellulose Particles and the Implication for Stability of its Aqueous Dispersions to Electrolytes

Aqueous dispersions of α‐cellulose are inherently unstable, behaving as lyophobic colloids. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the nature of surface charges (positive or negative) on the dispersed particles and to study the influence of such charges on the stability of the aqueous dispersions to electrolytes. The influence of interparticulate cohesion in forming a rigid polymeric network in the dispersion was also considered. The electropotentials of the aqueous dispersions were measured, and their stability was determined for various concentrations of electrolytes (NaCl, BaCl₂, and AlCl₃). The maximum degree of separation (S%) and the time to attain it (t_max) were evaluated. The dispersions generally exhibited electronegative potentials, suggesting that the dispersed particles carried negative charges. Dispersions of concentration <5% w/v were inherently unstable with S% values ≥72% and t_max=4 hour. Dispersions of concentrations as high as 15% w/v were stable with no observable separation even after 24 hour, attributable to mutual repulsion of the disperse particles (due to the surface charges) and possibly to formation of a rigid polymeric network. The test electrolytes were generally ineffective in flocculating these dispersions; S% values were ≤25%, attributable to the formation of a rigid polymeric network.     

Green and rapid preparation of long-term stable aqueous dispersions of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes: The pros and cons of an ultrasonic probe

A green, scalable, and sustainable approach to prepare aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) C₆₀, C₇₀, endohedral metallofullerene Gd@C₈₂, and their derivatives C₆₀Cl₆, C₇₀Cl₁₀, and supramolecular and ester-like derivatives, 10 fullerene species total, is proposed. For the first time, an immersed ultrasonic probe was used to preparing dispersions for pristine fullerenes without addends. Both ultrasound-assisted solvent-exchange and direct sonication techniques for AFD preparation using an immersed probe were tested. The average time for AFD preparation decreases 10–15 times compared to an ultrasound-bath-assisted technique, while final fullerene concentrations in AFDs remained at tens of ppm (up to 80 ppm). The aqueous dispersions showed long-term stability, a negatively charged surface with a zeta potential up to –32 mV with an average nanocluster diameter of no more than 180 nm. The total anionic and cationic compositions of samples were found by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and chromatographic techniques. The highlights and challenges of using an ultrasound probe for AFD production are discussed.     

Harmonic mode locking with reduced carrier-envelope phase noise in ytterbium-doped fiber laser

We experimentally explored the influence of passive harmonic mode locking on the temporal and spectral features of a ytterbium-doped fiber laser. Similar dependences of free-running linewidth of the laser carrier-envelope offset frequency (f₀) on the intracavity net dispersion were observed for the fundamental-, second-, and third-order mode-locking states. Due to the reduction of nonlinear effects and supermode phase locking that balanced the third-order dispersion in the fiber cavity, the third-order harmonic mode-locking exhibited the narrowest free-running f₀linewidth of ～120 kHz in the near-zero net dispersion regime.     

Thermal conduction through loose and granular two-phase materials at normal pressure

The integrated theory derived for the lattice-type dispersions is modified and extended to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of loose and granular two-phase materials at normal pressure assuming an effective continuous media approximation. A comparison of calculated values ofλ _e with the reported experimental results over a wide range of loose and granular two-phase materials shows a good agreement.     

Instability and satellite pulse of passively Q-switching Nd:LuVO4 laser with Cr:YAG saturable absorber

This work presents experimental results concerning a passively Q-switching Nd:LuVO₄ laser with a Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber operated in a three-element cavity. When the pump power exceeded 5.47 W, the system transfers stable pulse train into spatial-temporal instability. Furthermore, the chaotic pulse train accompanied the generation of a satellite pulse. The experimental results reveal that the mechanisms of instability and generation of the satellite pulse are governed by the multitransverse mode competition.     

Characterization of SiC and Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles and their aqueous dispersions

Nanoparticles of SiC and Si₃N₄ were previously used to obtain electroless NiP/particles nanocomposites. The incorporation process was very different, depending on the particle: SiC tended to agglomerate and had a high incorporation level; Si₃N₄ particles were not aggregated, but their incorporation level was very low. To try to explain these differences, the particles and their aqueous dispersions were characterized. Although the as-received products were both oxidized and of the identical mean size, results showed that the size distributions and the surface oxidation products were rather different. The zeta potential in water dispersions was similar and negative for both particles but, as the electrolyte ions were introduced, it showed a different evolution: nitride particles retained a small negative charge and carbide was almost uncharged. The overall results obtained in this study explain the different behavior of both ceramic particles and provide possible solutions to improve their co-deposition with nickel.     

Characteristics of exciton polaritons in a ZnO microcavity

We have investigated the characteristics of exciton polaritons in a ZnO microcavity with HfO₂/SiO₂ distributed Bragg reflectors. The results of the angle-resolved reflectance spectra were analyzed by calculating the cavity polariton dispersions with a phenomenological Hamiltonian for the coupling between the cavity photon and three kinds of excitons labeled A, B, and C peculiar to ZnO. The vacuum-Rabi-splitting energy is estimated to be ∼80 meV. The reflectance dips originating from the cavity polaritons shift to lower energy side with an increase in temperature. We discuss the temperature dependence of the cavity-polariton energies of the ZnO microcavity on the basis of the phenomenological Hamiltonian taking account of the temperature dependence of the exciton energies with Varshni’s law.     

Self-mode-locked Nd:GdVO4 laser with multi-GHz oscillations: manifestation of third-order nonlinearity

The large third-order nonlinearity of GdVO₄ crystals is employed to realize the compact efficient continuous-wave self-mode locking in the range of several GHz in a Nd:GdVO₄ laser with a simple linear cavity without the need of any additional components. With a pump power of 2.5 W, the compact laser cavity produces average output powers greater than 0.7 W with a pulse width as short as 23 ps in the range of 2–6 GHz.