All-Optical RZ to NRZ Format Conversion Using Single SOA Assisted by Optical Band-Pass Filter

We propose a novel all-optical format conversion from the return-to-zero （RZ） to the non-return-to-zero （NRZ） based on single semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） and optical band-pass filter （OBE）. We demonstrate the proof of the principle experiment at 10 Gbps by using the test SOA and OBF converter. The format conversion can be achieved with output extinction ratio of 11.51 dB. The BER is 5.5×10^-9 when the power of NRZ is - 10 dBm. The proposed scheme is robust and potential for applications in optical networks.     

基于半导体光放大器和光滤波器的全光非归零码到归零码的转换

利用半导体光放大器模型和仿真软件对全光非归零码到归零码的变换进行了数值仿真.在仿真结果的基础上,实现了基于半导体光放大器和光滤波器的10 Gbps的全光非归零码到归零码的变换试验.试验结果显示在RZ码输入功率为－15 dBm时,该变换的误码率为1.0×10－9.     

All-optical negabinary adders using Mach–Zehnder interferometer

In contrast to optoelectronics, all-optical adders are proposed where all-optical signals are used to represent the input numbers and the control signals. In addition, the all-optical adders use the negabinary modified signed-digit number representation (an extension of the negabinary number system) to represent the input digits. Further, the ultra-speed of the designed circuits is achieved due to the use of ultra-fast all-optical switching property of the semiconductor optical amplifier and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (SOA–MZI). Furthermore, two-bit per digit binary encoding scheme is employed to represent the trinary values of the negabinary modified signed-digits.     

Improved all-optical modified signed-digit adders using semiconductor optical amplifier and Mach-Zehnder interferometer

In this paper, we present improved all-optical circuits that implement ultra-fast adders based on the carry-free property of the modified signed-digit (MSD) number representation. The all-optical realizations are based on semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches, which represent one of the most promising solutions due to their compact size, thermal stability and low power operation. Several all-optical circuit designs are proposed with the objective to minimize the number of the SOA-MZI switches, the time delay in the adders and some other optical elements. The proposed circuits are more efficient comparing to previously published ones in terms of the number of optical components (less by 50%) as well as the operational speed (faster by 50%).     

40 Gb/s all-optical logic NOR and OR gates using a semiconductor optical amplifier: Experimental demonstration and theoretical analysis

We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate 40 Gb/s all-optical logic NOR and OR gates based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a blue shifted optical bandpass filter (OBF). Two kinds of data formats are discussed, namely return-to-zero (RZ) format and nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format. The logic NOR and OR functions of RZ format are realized at the OBF detuning of −0.22 nm and −0.44 nm, respectively. The logic NOR function of NRZ format is realized at the OBF detuning of −0.24 nm. The simulation is in good agreement with the experimental results when the linewidth enhancement factor is 5.5. The simulation also shows that the SOA with large linewidth enhancement factor is preferred to achieve NOR and OR functions with good performance. The input data signal is of good pulsewidth-tolerance for NOR function, whereas not for OR function. The high Q factor could be obtained at narrow pulses injection.     

基于半导体光放大器中非线性偏振旋转效应单一光缓存环全光时隙交换处理能力研究

对基于半导体光放大器(SOA)中非线性偏振旋转效应(NPR)效应的单一光缓存环多数据包的全光时隙交换(TSI)处理能力进行了理论和实验研究,在使用归纳法导出单一缓存环实现多数据包全光时隙(TSI)必要条件的基础上,针对各种全光TSI操作要求得出了相应光数据包的调度方案,在实验上,以基于SOA中NPR效应的单一光缓存环实验系统,开展了多数据包全光TSI操作的实验研究,根据上述光数据包理论调度方案进行相应系统参数设定,进行了速率为10 Gb/s的3个和4个数据包的全光TSI实验,实验结果与理论预期相符合,研究成果为减少昂贵SOA元件的用量、简化基于光缓存环全光TSI系统的结构提供了可靠依据,对推进全光TSI技术的发展具有重要意义。     

基于半导体光放大器的非归零信号时钟恢复

提出了一种基于半导体光放大器加窄带光纤光栅滤波器，将非归零信号转换为伪归零信号，再把伪归零信号注入到主动锁模环行腔激光器进行时钟提取的非归零信号时钟恢复方案.利用该方案实现了10 Gb/s伪随机非归零信号的全光时钟恢复，对工作原理和结果进行了分析和讨论.实验证明该方案具有结构简单，调整容易，输出波形好的特点.     

Ultrawideband monocycle generation using cross-phase modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier

We propose a novel scheme to generate ultrawideband (UWB) monocycle pulses based on cross-phase modulation (XPM) of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The proposed system consists of a SOA and an optical bandpass filter (OBF). Due to the XPM, a continuous wave (CW) probe signal is phase modulated by another optical Gauss pulse in the SOA. The OBF will convert the phase modulation to intensity modulation. A pair of polarity-reversed UWB monocycle pulses is achieved by locating the probe carrier at the positive and negative linear slopes of the OBF. Both cases conform to the UWB definition of the Federal Communications Commission.     

Photonic crystal-based all-optical arithmetic circuits without SOA-based switches

Various proposed optical computing devices involve nonlinear optical operation and use semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based switches as fundamental elements for logic operations. Due to the nonlinear operation, these devices suffer from high power that causes problems in very large-scale optical integration. In this paper, a method is proposed to implement arithmetic operations using a photonic crystal (PhC) cell and eliminate the SOA-based switches altogether. The proposed method is employed on designing an all-optical full adder/subtractor circuit that requires only beam combiners and photonic crystal NOT gates.     

半导体光放大器的稳态增益饱和特性

高速全光逻辑门是实现光分组交换、光计算和未来高速大容量光传输的关键器件,近年来受到广泛的关注。半导体光放大器（SOA）因为具备体积小、工作波长范围宽、响应时间短及良好的非线性特性等优点,成为研制高速全光逻辑器件的首选。采用分段模型分析了SOA的稳态增益饱和特性,通过数值求解载流子速率方程和光传输方程对其特性进行了仿真实现。结果表明,SOA在入射光功率不同时会表现出明显的非线性;在一定范围内增加光功率,SOA增益持续增加,继续增加入射光功率,SOA逐渐进入饱和吸收状态,增益反而降低。     

Characterization and optimization of SOA-based UNI recirculating shift register switching window

The operation of an all-optical recirculating shift register implemented with the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI) in a counter-propagating, inverting configuration is methodically studied and analyzed. This is achieved by applying an appropriate model for a SOA deployed as the nonlinear element in an interferometric switch driven by ultrafast and strong feedback optical pulses. By means of numerical simulation the impact of the critical functional parameters on the formation of the switching window is thoroughly investigated and assessed enabling to provide useful design rules for their proper selection and combination so as to optimize the specific metric and ensure high performance. The undertaken theoretical treatment can be extended for characterizing other more complex all-optical circuits and subsystems of enhanced functionality that employ this type of shift register as the key building module.     

基于半导体光放大器和光学滤波器的同相波长转换理论研究

采用半导体光放大器(SOA)级联滤波器的方案可以实现高速全光波长转换,其中,滤波器实质上是对SOA输出信号的光谱进行优化操作.文中利用带通滤波器(BPF)和延时干涉仪(DI)组成的光谱优化器,不仅实现了80Gbit/s同相波长转换,而且基于遗传算法设计光谱优化器的参数,极大地提高了输出信号的质量.同时,也从理论上分析了SOA中超快带内效应对信号光谱的影响以及光谱优化器中BPF和DI的消光比对输出信号质量的影响.     

一种全光归零码到非归零码变换的新技术方案

报道了一种利用单只半导体光放大器和光滤波器实现全光归零码到非归零码变换的新技术方案.当探测（Probe）光和数据信号光同时输入到SOA时,基于SOA中的交叉增益调制和交叉相位调制现象,探测光光谱的后沿和前沿将分别产生红移和蓝移.通过调节光滤波器和探测光的中心波长之间的失调量,滤出光谱的特定部分,可以得到转换后的NRZ码光信号.这种新型的全光码型变换器具有结构简单、偏振不敏感、控制参量少和稳定性高的特点.分别采用仿真和实验的方式实现了20 Gbit/s光数据信号从RZ码到NRZ码的全光码型变换,并且仿真结果和实验结果相吻合.     

Effect of amplified spontaneous emission on semiconductor optical amplifier based all-optical logic

The performances of all-optical logic gates XOR, AND, OR, NOR and NAND based on semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) have been simulated including the effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). For the parameters used, all-optical logic gates using SOA are capable of operating at speed of 80 Gb/s.     

Theoretical analysis and performance investigation of ultrafast all-optical Boolean XOR gate with semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Sagnac interferometer

A comprehensive theoretical model of an ultrafast all-optical Boolean XOR gate implemented with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-assisted Sagnac interferometer is presented. The model accounts for the SOA small signal gain, linewidth enhancement factor and carrier lifetime, the switching pulses energy and width and the Sagnac loop asymmetry. By undertaking a detailed numerical simulation, the influence of these key parameters on the metrics that determine the quality of switching is thoroughly investigated and simple design rules are extracted for their proper selection so as to ensure optimum operation. The obtained results are in good agreement with the published experimental measurements and confirm the feasibility of realizing the gate at 10 Gb/s with fairly high performance. The model can be extended for studying more complex all-optical circuits of enhanced functionality in which the XOR gate is the basic building block.     

基于SOA全光偏振调制的双信道光传输系统的仿真与分析

仿真并分析了基于半导体光放大器全光偏振调制的双信道光传输系统模型.该系统分别利用两级半导体光放大器的交叉偏振调制效应(XPolM),将两路独立的强度调制的抽运光变换到一路探测光的两个正交的偏振态上,实现双通道偏振复用的全光数据传输.首先对单个半导体光放大器的动力学过程进行了理论分析,数值计算了具有不同抽运光功率的半导体光放大器对探测光偏振态的影响,进而对双半导体光放大器偏振复用系统的调制/解调原理进行了分析,模拟仿真了双半导体光放大器的双通路偏振复用的调制及解调过程,仿真结果与实验结果相符.     

基于半导体光放大器偏振旋转的全光缓存器

全光缓存器可实现数据包在光域内的缓存,是全光路由、伞光计算以及全光交换的关键部件之一.提出了一种基于半导体光放大器(SOA)中非线性偏振旋转(PR)的光纤环型全光缓仃器结构;提出了一种利用偏振主态(PSP)寻找两个正交线偏振态以及在线实时测量光纤中偏振态的方法.通过改变SOA的注入电流,实现了对两个正交偏振态转化的控制,利用这两个正交的线偏振态,实现了信号的"写"人和"读"出.利用该结构的缓存器,实现了2.5 Gb/s的1024 bits数据包6圈的缓存.缓存后的信号波形良好.     

Investigation of SOA-assisted Sagnac recirculating shift register switching characteristics

The switching characteristics of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA)-assisted Sagnac recirculating shift register with an inverter are investigated by undertaking a numerical analysis that describes the dynamic gain response of the SOA to high speed and strong feedback optical pulses. The key performance parameters are identified and their role in the formation of the switching window is analyzed. The optimum values of these parameters are not unique and must be adapted to the specific all-optical shift register network application. For this reason, they must be properly selected and combined so as to ensure the satisfaction of the desired operating conditions. The technical restrictions that the derived values may impose on the state-of-the-art photonics technology are also discussed and efficient ways of overcoming them are proposed.     

Optical nonlinearities in semiconductor optical amplifier and electro-absorption modulator: their applications to all-optical regeneration

Semiconductors have large optical nonlinearity with response speed in the several tens of picosecond range, making them ideal use as all-optical regenerators and wavelength converters. We theoretically and experimentally investigated optical nonlinearities induced by carrier dynamics both in forward biased semiconductor waveguide (SOA) and in reverse biased semiconductor waveguide (EAM). We made a detailed theoretical study of carrier dynamics in semiconductor waveguides by using the newly developed time-dependent transfer matrix method. To confirm the simulation results, we propose utilizing a polarization discriminating delayed interferometer (PD-DI) configuration as a simple technique for measuring optical nonlinearities such as cross gain modulation (XGM), cross absorption modulation (XAM), and cross phase modulation (XPM). In the first part of the paper, we reviewed SOA-based regenerators. As expected from the simulation results, we confirmed that injection of the transparent assist light was very effective in reducing of the SOA gain recovery time of down to a few tens of picoseconds. We further demonstrated 40 Gbit/s regeneration using an SOA-one-arm MZI (so-called UNI) configuration. The superior regeneration capability of two-stage UNI was successfully confirmed by a recirculating loop experiment up to 30,000 km with 150 regenerations. In the latter part of the paper, we reviewed all-optical regenerators using EAM. A bit-synchronized rf-driven XAM 3R regenerator consisting of only one EAM for both gating and timing correction was demonstrated at 20 Gbit/s. An EAM in conjunction with delayed interferometer configuration, which utilizes XPM as well as XAM in the EAM, has structurral simplicity and fast regeneration operability up to 100 Gbit/s. The fast response of EAM allows the optical regeneration with a small pattern word effect.     

基于半导体光放大器的环路型全光缓存器中功率均衡的新方法

全光缓存器能够在光域内对数据包进行存储而不需经过光电光的变换,成为全光网的重要组成部分,其性能的优劣将直接影响到网络的丢包率等。但在半导体光放大器中交叉增益调制和交叉相位调制效应并存,导致基于半导体光放大器的环路型全光缓存器中缓存后输出的数据包与未缓存数据包的输出功率间存在不均衡,使得网络误码率增加。在详细分析全光缓存器工作原理的基础上,利用半导体光放大器中交叉增益调制和交叉相位调制并存的现象,巧妙地提出了将控制脉冲反相并配合电可调衰减器的新方法。该方法简单易行,有效解决了此类全光缓存器中数据包输出功率不均衡的难题,缓存器性能得到了极大改善。此方法适用于所有基于半导体光放大器的环路型全光缓存器。