竖直窄环隙通道内的强迫对流换热

本文在常压下,以水为工质,对三种尺寸的竖直窄环隙流道进行了单相强迫对流换热实验研究。结果表明,窄隙流道内的换热在低雷诺数区表现出与普通流道不同的多变特性,而在高雷诺数区与普通流道相近。温差对换热的影响具有两重性。窄隙流道使紊流换热区域扩大,当流道间隙足够小时,换热没有明显的过渡区和层流区,均表现为紊流换热的特征。本文提供的经验公式可以在较宽的参数范围内关联实验数据。     

自然循环加热段内摩擦阻力及对流传热的实验研究

以常压去离子水为工质,对自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的摩擦阻力及对流传热特性进行了实验研究.结果表明,自然循环工况下加热段内由浮升力引起的自由流动对摩擦阻力及对流传热特性有重要影响,自然循环与强制循环二种工况下加热段内的摩阻系数及对流换热系数存在明显差别;并且,自然循环工况下加热段内的摩擦阻力存在滞后现象.通过实验提出了计算自然循环工况下加热段内单相水的摩阻系数及对流换热系数的经验关系式.     

自然循环加热段内对流传热特性的实验研究

本文以常压去离子水为工质,对自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流传热特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,自然循环工况下上升加热段内工质的物性变化及由浮升力引起的自由流动对对流传热特性有重要影响。通过分析,提出了计算自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流换热系数的经验关系式。     

水平矩形窄缝通道内水沸腾流动特性实验研究

以去离子水为工质,在1.0～6.0 MPa的压力范围内对大宽高比(1.0×60 mm,1.8×60 mm,2.5×60 mm)矩形窄缝通道内水的两相沸腾流动特性进行了实验研究.分别采用均相流和分相流模型对试验数据进行处理并得到了相应的修正经验关系式,关系式预测值与实验值符合较好.     

柱状微结构浸没喷射沸腾强化换热实验研究

对电子芯片在FC-72工质中浸没喷射沸腾换热进行了实验研究。通过干腐蚀技术在硅片表面加工出50μm×60μm,50μm×120μm(宽×高)的柱状微结构,硅片尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm,过冷度分别为25、35 K,喷射速度V_j分别为0.5、1.0、1.5 m/s。实验表明,临界热流密度随着喷射速度和过冷度的增加而增加,增加过冷度和喷射速度可减小气泡脱离时的尺寸,增加气泡脱离频率,因此提高了临界热流密度并且降低了壁面温度。此外,在单相对流换热区对流换热占据主导地位,热流密度随着壁面过热度线性增加;在核态沸腾换热区,对流换热与核态沸腾换热同时影响着换热过程。当喷射速度较小时,核态沸腾区曲线的斜率比单相对流区曲线的斜率大得多,显示出浸没喷射沸腾的优良换热性能。     

多孔扁管内单相对流换热特性的实验研究

对水力直径为0.715 mm的方孔及0.86 mm的圆孔多孔扁管内液相流体对流换热特性进行了实验研究,Re数范围为50~2300,入口温度为5~45℃,加热热流密度为3~9 kW/m~2。实验结果表明,对流换热在Re=2000附近发生过渡;入口段效应明显;在Re数较小时,Nu数明显小于充分发展流动的预测值;热流密度越大、入口温度越高,对流换热强度越低。两种管型扁管的实验值变化趋势一致,但圆孔Nu数高于方孔。基于尺度效应的影响及经典层流换热理论对实验结果进行了修正。     

超临界压力下正癸烷在微细圆管内对流换热实验研究

本文对超临界压力下正癸烷在内径为0.95 mm和2 mm竖直微细圆管内对流换热进行了实验研究.入口压力p_(in)=3 MPa和入口雷诺数Re_(in)=4000时,分析了管径、变物性、浮升力和加速对对流换热的影响.结果表明:在所研究的工况范围内,对于0.95 mm内径圆管,浮升力和加速对换热的影响可忽略,对流换热主要受变物性的影响;而对于2mm内径圆管,在高热流密度时,浮升力对正癸烷的对流换热影响很大,向上流动时引起换热恶化,向下流动时引起换热强化,加速对流动换热的影响可忽略.     

印刷电路板式熔盐氦气换热器热工水力特性研究

印刷电路板换热器换热性能好,结构紧凑,在核反应堆发电领域极具潜力.本文研究对象是应用于钍基熔盐堆的熔盐氦气中间换热器,文中采用数值模拟的方法,研究了Z型流道的熔盐-氦气印刷电路板换热器的传热和阻力特性。计算当量直径为0.922 mm的流道结构的熔盐侧的总的压降因子f与Nu,与经验公式进行对比,结果基本吻合;然后对流道进行优化,对比不同结构流道对流动和传热的影响,经过综合传热特性的比较,最终选用当量直径为1.83 mm,特征角为15°的流道结构,拟合出该结构下的Nu和f关于Re的经验关联式。     

超临界CO2在烧结多孔圆管中换热的实验研究

本文对超临界压力二氧化碳在烧结多孔介质的竖直圆管中的对流换热进行了实验研究。分析了入口温度超过准临界温度、颗粒直径为0．2-0．28 mm的多孔圆管中,压力、流量、热流密度以及流动方向对超临界二氧化碳对流换热的影响。结果表明,准临界点附近剧烈变物性的影响使得超临界二氧化碳在多孔结构中的对流换热非常复杂。对流换热随着温度远离准临界温度和热流密度的增加不断减弱;流量对对流换热的影响比较复杂。在准临界温度附近,浮升力对换热有一定的影响。     

竖直圆管中超临界压力CO2对流换热实验研究

本文对超临界压力CO2在竖直加热圆管内的对流换热进行了实验研究,比较了不同流向、不同热流密度等对流动和换热的影响。实验结果表明,管内径为2mm时,在低进口Re条件下,由于浮升力影响导致层流向湍流提前转变, 对流换热增强;与向上流动相比,向下流动更易由层流转变为湍流;向下流动的换热要强于向上流动,表明浮升力对换热有很大影响。对于管内径为0．27 mm的微细圆管,当进口Re高于104时,浮升力的影响可以忽略,对流换热系数的变化完全由物性的变化尤其是cp的变化导致。     

FC-72在竖直壁面上及微小三角型通道内的沸腾传热

本文对浸在FC-72液池中的竖直壁面及两个微小三角形通道进行了沸腾实验研究,考虑了管道尺寸对沸腾传热特性的影响。两个微小三角形通道的边长分别为1.5和2.5 mm,水力直径分别为0.87和1.44 mm,长度50 mm,采用铜块上开V型沟槽,再覆盖上透明的玻璃片构成。热流密度由贴在铜块背后的膜状加热器提供。实验得到了沸腾曲线和传热系数,并用DV摄影机拍摄到了沸腾状况。实验结果显示,管道尺寸对沸腾传热特性有显著的影响,CHF值随通道尺寸的减小而减小,小通道在低热流密度时传热系数较大。     

板状燃料组件流道部分堵塞的安全边界研究

为掌握板状燃料组件内多个流道堵塞下的流动换热特性,获得流动堵塞致传热恶化的触发边界,以提高板状燃料反应堆的运行安全性,以典型板状燃料堆JRR-3M的标准燃料组件为对象,基于定性分析将流道堵塞事故分为非相邻流道堵塞与相邻流道堵塞两类,采用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS Fluent对两类流道堵塞事故下的流动换热特性进行模拟。模拟结果表明:非相邻流道完全堵塞或相邻流道最大堵塞率低于35%,流道内不会发生局部沸腾且燃料最高温度低于许用温度。基于上述结果,可确定JRR-3M反应堆在堵流事故下的安全运行边界。     

不同布置形式百页窗翅片通道热力性能的试验研究

本文以空气为介质,对四组百页窗式翅片通道的传热特性和流动阻力进行了试验研究。四组试验件的几何尺寸相同,只是翅片上百页窗的开窗段不同,分别是３ｍｍ、 ６．５ ｍｍ、前３ｍｍ后 ６．５ ｍｍ及各组开窗段间距交替为 ３ ｍｍ与 ６．５ ｍｍ。传热试验得出的四种试验通道 Ｎｕ～ Ｒｅ关系相同,而阻力则以开窗段间距 ３ ｍｍ的为最低。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer in a miniature heat sink utilizing silica nanofluid

In this paper, heat transfer characteristics of a miniature heat sink cooled by SiO₂–water nanofluids were investigated both experimentally and numerically. The heat sink was fabricated from aluminum and insulated by plexiglass cover plates. The heat sink consisted of an array of 4 mm diameter circular channels with a length of 40 mm. Tests were performed while inserting a 180 W/cm² heat flux to the bottom of heat sink and Reynolds numbers ranged from 400 to 2000. The three-dimensional heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink were analyzed numerically by solving conjugate heat transfer problem of thermally and hydrodynamically developing fluid flow. Experimental results showed that dispersing SiO₂ nanoparticles in water significantly increased the overall heat transfer coefficient while thermal resistance of heat sink was decreased up to 10%. Numerical results revealed that channel diameter, as well as heat sink height and number of channels in a heat sink have significant effects on the maximum temperature of heat sink. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to simulate the heat sink performance based on these parameters. It was found that the results of ANN are in excellent agreement with the mathematical simulation and cover a wider range for evaluation of heat sink performance.     

FRICTION AND CONVECTION STUDIES OF R-134a IN MICROCHANNELS WITHIN THE TRANSITION AND TURBULENT FLOW REGIMES

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of single-phase flows in microchannels for refrigerant R-134a were experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted using rectangular channels micromilled in aluminum with hydraulic diameters ranging from approximately 112 to 210 w m and aspect ratios that varied from 1.0 to 1.5. Using overall temperature, flow rate, and pressure drop measurements, friction factors and convective heat transfer coefficients were experimentally determined for steady flow conditions. Effects of Reynolds number, relative roughness, and channel aspect ratio are examined in predicting friction factor and Nusselt number for the experiments. Experiment results indicated that transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurred between a Reynolds number of 2,000 and 4,000. Friction factor results were consistently lower than values predicted by macroscale correlations but exhibited the same trends with Reynolds numbers of macroscale correlations. Nusselt number results also exhibited a similar pattern of lower values obtained in the experiments than those predicted by commonly used macroscale correlations. Nusselt number results also indicated that channel size may suppress turbulent convective heat transfer and surface roughness may affect heat transfer characteristics in the turbulent regime.     

基于拉格朗日跟踪法的波纹流道流体特性研究

采用正交实验方法考察了具有不同结构参数的三维周期波纹流道中的流体性能,并采用Webb评价方法对其进行性能评价。比较了不同波纹宽度的波纹流道的阻力因子e_f、传热因子e_Nu和能效因子η的值,结果表明三者都随Re的增大而增大,波纹宽度最小时能效因子η最大。流体在波纹流道中垂直于主流方向的横截面上产生二次流,随着Re增大,二次流增强,阻力增大,温度边界层减薄,温度等值线分布变得不均匀,传热增强。采用拉格朗日粒子跟踪技术分析了不同Re下,流体粒子在波纹流道内的运动轨迹,绘制了不同周期出口流体粒子的庞加莱截面图,结果表明流体粒子在波纹流道中被反复拉伸和折叠,增加了流体粒子的接触面积,提高混合效率,强化了传热。     

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannel

Numerical simulation of heat transfer in a high aspect ratio rectangular microchannel with heat sinks has been conducted, similar to an experimental study. Three channel heights measuring 0.3 mm, 0.6 mm and 1 mm are considered and the Reynolds number varies from 300 to 2360, based on the hydraulic diameter. Simulation starts with the validation study on the Nusselt number and the Poiseuille number variations along the channel streamwise direction. It is found that the predicted Nusselt number has shown very good agreement with the theoretical estimation, but some discrepancies are noted in the Poiseuille number comparison. This observation however is in consistent with conclusions made by other researchers for the same flow problem. Simulation continues on the evaluation of heat transfer characteristics, namely the friction factor and the thermal resistance. It is found that noticeable scaling effect happens at small channel height of 0.3 mm and the predicted friction factor agrees fairly well with an experimental based correlation. Present simulation further reveals that the thermal resistance is low at small channel height, indicating that the heat transfer performance can be enhanced with the decrease of the channel height.     

Performance optimization of solar chimney power plant using electric/corona wind

The effect of the corona wind on the natural convection at absorber of a solar chimney power plant pilot was investigated experimentally. The aim of the study is to improve the efficiency of SCPP through enhanced the heat transfer coefficient of absorber with corona wind. The results show that corona wind enhanced the absorber convective heat transfer coefficient leading to increment in air the velocity and the output power of the SCPP. The amount of heat transfer of pilot increased more than 14.5% when applying voltage of 15 KV and the speed in chimney experienced about 72% amelioration.     

带间断性矩肋的平行平板通道中三维流动与换热的数值模拟

1数学描述与计算方法周期性变化的几何结构是广泛应用的一种强化换热形式＊‘］。文献中有关的数值研究多限于二维清形，三维的研究相对较少。本文针对沿流向周期性布置矩肋的平行平板通道，对层流周期性充分发展的流动与换热进行了三维数值模拟。计算单元如图1所示。对于不可压缩流体，忽略体积力时的控制方程为：图1矩助通道计算单元表1式（l）中各乡变量的含义式中d取不同值的对应关系见表1。设通道几何周期长度为S，则对充分发展状态的计算单元进出边界有如下关系：据文献＊，周期性充分发展流动的压力可以分解为两部分：式中o为一个周…