双层耦合非对称反应扩散系统中的振荡图灵斑图

采用线性耦合Brusselator模型和Lengyel-Epstein模型,数值研究了双层耦合非对称反应扩散系统中振荡图灵斑图的动力学,并分析了图灵模、高阶模以及霍普夫模之间的相互作用及其对振荡图灵斑图的影响.模拟结果表明,在Lengyel-Epstein模型激发的超临界图灵模k_1的激励下,Brusselator模型中处于霍普夫区域的高阶模3~(1/2)k_1被激发,这两个模式相互作用从而产生了同步振荡六边形斑图.随着控制参数b的增加,该振荡六边形斑图首先经历倍周期分岔进入双倍振荡周期,经历多倍振荡周期后,在霍普夫模式的参与下,最终进入时空混沌态.同步振荡六边形斑图形成的条件是Brusselator模型中的次临界图灵模k_2的本征值高度低于处于霍普夫区域的高阶图灵模3~(1/2)k_1的本征值高度,且两个图灵模之间不存在空间共振关系.当两个图灵模满足空间共振时,系统优先选择空间共振模式,从而产生超点阵斑图.霍普夫模和图灵模共同作用下只能产生非同步振荡图灵斑图.此外,耦合强度对振荡图灵斑图也有重要的影响.     

双层耦合非对称反应扩散系统中的超点阵斑图

通过线性耦合Brusselator模型和Lengyel-Epstein模型,数值研究了双层耦合非对称反应扩散系统中图灵模之间的相互作用以及斑图的形成机理.模拟结果表明,合适的波数比以及相同的对称性是两个图灵模之间达到空间共振的必要条件,而耦合强度则直接影响了图灵斑图的振幅大小.为了保证对称性相同,两个图灵模的本征值高度要位于一定的范围内.只有失稳模为长波模时,才能对另一个图灵模产生调制作用,并形成多尺度时空斑图.随着波数比的增加,短波模子系统依次经历黑眼斑图、白眼斑图以及时序振荡六边形斑图的转变.研究表明失稳图灵模与处于短波不稳定区域的高阶谐波模之间的共振是产生时序振荡六边形的主要原因.     

空间周期性驱动对双层耦合反应扩散系统中图灵斑图的影响

周期性驱动是控制斑图最有效的方式之一,因此一直是斑图动力学研究的一大热点.自然界中的斑图形成系统大多是多层耦合的非线性系统,周期性驱动对这些多层耦合系统的作用机理人们还不甚了解.本文通过耦合Brusselator (Bru)系统和Lengyel-Epstein (LE)系统,并给LE系统施加一个空间周期性驱动来研究外部驱动对多层耦合系统中图灵斑图的影响.研究发现,只要外部驱动与Bru系统的超临界图灵模(内部驱动模)两者中的一个为长波模时,就可以将LE系统中的次临界图灵模激发,3个模式共同作用从而形成具有3个空间尺度的复杂斑图.若外部驱动和内部驱动模均为短波模,则无法激发此系统的本征次临界图灵模,但满足空间共振时也可以产生超点阵斑图.若LE系统的本征模为超临界图灵模,其自发形成的六边形斑图只有在外部驱动强度较大的情况下才能够产生响应,且其空间对称性受到外部驱动波数的影响.     

双层耦合Lengel-Epstein模型中的超点阵斑图

用双层耦合的Lengel-Epstein模型, 研究了两个子系统的图灵模对斑图的影响,发现其波数比在斑图的形成和选择过程中起着重要作用.当波数比为1时,双层系统未能发生耦合,只能出现条纹和六边形斑图;当波数比处于1-√17 的范围时,两子系统发生耦合,图灵模之间发生共振相互作用,得到种类丰富的超点阵斑图,包括暗点、点-棒和复杂超六边、Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型白眼、类蜂窝和环状超六边等斑图;当波数比大于√17 , 系统选择的斑图类型不再变化,均为环状超六边斑图.数值模拟得到的条纹、六边形、超六边点阵、Ⅱ-型白眼斑图和类蜂窝斑图均已在介质阻挡放电系统实验中观察到. 另外,还得到了超点阵斑图的波数随两个扩散系数乘积D_uD_v的变化曲线,发现其随的D_uD_v增大而减小. 关键词： 耦合系统 超点阵 波数比 数值模拟     

双层耦合介质中四边形图灵斑图的数值研究

采用双层线性耦合Lengyel-Epstein模型,在二维空间对简单正四边和超点阵四边形进行了数值分析.结果表明:当两子系统波数比N1时,随耦合强度的增大,基模的波矢空间共振形式发生改变,系统由简单六边形自发演化为结构复杂的新型斑图,除已报道的超六边形外,还获得了简单正四边和多种超点阵四边形,包括大小点、点线、白眼和环状超四边等斑图.当耦合系数α和β在一定范围内同步增大时,两子系统形成相同波长的Ⅰ型简单正四边;当α和β不同步增大时,由于两图灵模在短波子系统形成共振,系统斑图经相变发生Ⅰ型正四边→Ⅱ型正四边→超点阵四边形的转变;当系统失去耦合作用时,短波子系统波长为λ的Ⅰ型正四边斑图迅速失稳并形成波长为λ/N的Ⅰ型正四边,随模拟时间的延长,两子系统中不同波长的正四边均会经相变发生Ⅰ型正四边→Ⅱ型正四边→六边形的转变.     

双层非线性耦合反应扩散系统中复杂Turing斑图

采用双层耦合的Brusselator模型, 研究了两个子系统非线性耦合时Turing 模对斑图的影响, 发现两子系统Turing 模的波数比和耦合系数的大小对斑图的形成起着重要作用. 模拟结果表明: 斑图类型随波数比值的增加, 从简单斑图发展到复杂斑图; 非线性耦合项系数在0–0.1时, 系统1中短波模在系统2失稳模的影响下不仅可形成简单六边形、四边形和条纹斑图, 两模共振耦合还可以形成蜂窝六边形、超六边形和复杂的黑眼斑图等超点阵图形, 首次在一定范围内调整控制参量观察到由简单正四边形向超六边形斑图的转化过程; 耦合系数在0.1–1时, 系统1中短波模与系统2失稳模未发生共振耦合仅观察到与系统2相同形状的简单六边形、四边形和条纹斑图. 关键词： Brusselator模型 非线性耦合 Turing模     

气体放电系统中多臂螺旋波的数值分析

采用Purwins的三变量模型, 在二维空间对气体放电系统中多臂螺旋波的形成和转化进行了数值研究. 通过分析方程参数对系统空间的影响, 确定了系统获得稳定螺旋波的参数空间; 得到了斑图由简单静态六边形到螺旋波的演化过程, 分析了螺旋波的形成机制和时空特性; 进一步获得六种不同臂数的多臂螺旋波斑图(例如: 双臂、三臂、四臂、五臂、六臂和七臂螺旋波). 结果表明: 螺旋波斑图出现在图灵-霍普夫(Turing-Hopf)空间, 是Turing模和Hopf模相互竞争、相互作用的结果; 不同臂数的螺旋波波头均在持续地旋转运动, 其运动速度随螺旋波臂数的增加而增大; 随着螺旋波臂数的增加, 其波头的运动形式愈加复杂; 由于受微扰及边界条件的影响, 多臂螺旋波可以向臂数少一的螺旋波发生转变, 数值模拟结果与实验结果符合较好. 关键词： 螺旋波 数值模拟 气体放电     

局域浓度调控扩散系数的次氯酸-碘离子-丙二酸系统图灵斑图形成中的反常扩散

通过数值模拟及振幅方程解析解方法,从实空间和倒空间分析了受局域浓度扩散系数调控下次氯酸-碘离子-丙二酸反应扩散系统图灵斑图形成的扩散机理.在零扩散系数调节下,斑图形成为典型的菲克扩散;而在负向正向扩散系数调节下,斑图的形成依赖欠扩散和超扩散.图灵系统的浓度稳态振幅对随机初始条件敏感性随局域浓度扩散调控系数k的增大而增加.     

反应扩散系统中时空斑图研究

时空斑图广泛地存在于反应扩散系统中,在延展的布鲁塞尔振子模型中,一维的时空斑图已经被研究过.本文中,我们对布鲁塞尔振子模型进行线性稳定性分析,模拟出两维的时空斑图,进一步阐明斑图形成的机制,形成斑图的机制是由于霍普夫失稳、短波失稳和图灵失稳以及它们之间的相互作用.当系统处于非平衡状态下,布鲁塞尔振子模型可以得到有序的时空斑图.?     

不同时空结构的四边形放电斑图等离子体参量研究

采用发射光谱法,研究了不同时空结构四边形斑图的等离子体参量。实验发现,在低气压区和高气压区,四边形斑图表现出不同的时空结构。利用N₂分子第二正带系的六条谱线强度计算了分子振动温度;利用第一负带系N+₂(391.4 nm)与第二正带系N₂(394.1 nm)谱线强度比,研究了电子能量的变化;利用Ar原子696.54 nm谱线的展宽和频移来反映电子密度;利用Ar原子特征谱线强度比法计算了电子激发温度。结果表明：低气压区四边形斑图的分子振动温度、电子激发温度和电子平均能量均大于高气压区四边形斑图,而电子密度小于高气压区四边形的电子密度。     

Numerical simulation and analysis of complex patterns in a two-layer coupled reaction diffusion system

The resonance interaction between two modes is investigated using a two-layer coupled Brusselator model. When two different wavelength modes satisfy resonance conditions, new modes will appear, and a variety of superlattice patterns can be obtained in a short wavelength mode subsystem. We find that even though the wavenumbers of two Turing modes are fixed, the parameter changes have influences on wave intensity and pattern selection. When a hexagon pattern occurs in the short wavelength mode layer and a stripe pattern appears in the long wavelength mode layer, the Hopf instability may happen in a nonlinearly coupled model, and twinkling-eye hexagon and travelling hexagon patterns will be obtained. The symmetries of patterns resulting from the coupled modes may be different from those of their parents, such as the cluster hexagon pattern and square pattern. With the increase of perturbation and coupling intensity, the nonlinear system will convert between a static pattern and a dynamic pattern when the Turing instability and Hopf instability happen in the nonlinear system. Besides the wavenumber ratio and intensity ratio of the two different wavelength Turing modes, perturbation and coupling intensity play an important role in the pattern formation and selection. According to the simulation results, we find that two modes with different symmetries can also be in the spatial resonance under certain conditions, and complex patterns appear in the two-layer coupled reaction diffusion systems.     

Spatial resonances and superposition patterns in a reaction-diffusion model with interacting Turing modes

Spatial resonances leading to superlattice hexagonal patterns, known as "black-eyes," and superposition patterns combining stripes and/or spots are studied in a reaction-diffusion model of two interacting Turing modes with different wavelengths. A three-phase oscillatory interlacing hexagonal lattice pattern is also found, and its appearance is attributed to resonance between a Turing mode and its subharmonic.     

Superlattice Patterns in Coupled Turing Systems

In this paper, superlattice patterns have been investigated by using a two linearly coupled Brusselator model. It is found that superlattice patterns can only be induced in the sub-system with the short wavelength. Three different coupling methods have been used in order to investigate the mode interaction between the two Turing modes. It is proved in the simulations that interaction between activators in the two sub-systems leads to spontaneous formation of black eye pattern and/or white eye patterns while interaction between inhibitors leads to spontaneous formation of super-hexagonal pattern. It is also demonstrated that the same symmetries of the two modes and suitable wavelength ratio of the two modes should also be satisfied to form superlattice patterns.     

Control and characterization of spatio-temporal disorder in parametrically excited surface waves

The nonlinear interactions of parametrically excited surface waves have been shown to yield a rich family of nonlinear states. When the system is driven by two commensurate frequencies, a variety of interesting superlattice type states are generated via a number of different 3-wave resonant interactions. These states occur either as symmetry-breaking bifurcations of hexagonal patterns composed of a single unstable mode or via nonlinear interactions between the two different unstable modes generated by the two forcing frequencies. Near the system’s bicritical point, a well-defined region of phase space exists in which a highly disordered state, both in space and time, is observed. We first show that this state results from the competition between two distinct nonlinear super-lattice states, each with different characteristic temporal and spatial symmetries. After characterizing the type of spatio-temporal disorder that is embodied in this disordered state, we will demonstrate that it can be controlled. Control to either of its neighboring nonlinear states is achieved by the application of a small-amplitude excitation at a third frequency, where the spatial symmetry of the selected pattern is determined by the temporal symmetry of the third frequency used. This technique can also excite rapid switching between different nonlinear states.     

Oscillatory Turing patterns in reaction-diffusion systems with two coupled layers

A model reaction-diffusion system with two coupled layers yields oscillatory Turing patterns when oscillation occurs in one layer and the other supports stationary Turing structures. Patterns include "twinkling eyes," where oscillating Turing spots are arranged as a hexagonal lattice, and localized spiral or concentric waves within spot-like or stripe-like Turing structures. A new approach to generating the short-wave instability is proposed.     

Spatial recurrence strategies reveal different routes to Turing pattern formation in chemical systems

We analyze the temporal evolution of hexagonal Turing patterns in two Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions performed in water-in-oil reverse micro-emulsions under different experimental conditions. The two reactions show different routes to pattern formation through localized spots and through a self replication mechanism. The Generalized Recurrence Plot (GRP) and the Generalized Recurrence Quantification Analysis (GRQA) are used for the investigation of spatial patterns and clearly reveal the different routes leading to the formation of stationary Turing structures.     

Turing instability for a semi-discrete Gierer-Meinhardt system

In this paper, we investigate the spatial patterns of a Gierer-Meinhardt system where the space is discrete in two dimensions with the periodic boundary condition and time is continuous, in contrast to the continuum models. The conditions of Turing instability are obtained by linear analysis and a series of numerical simulations are performed. In the instability region, we have shown that this system can produce a number of different patterns such as stripes and snowflake pattern, other than ubiquitous fix-spotted patterns. As mentioned, the results are substantiated only by means of snapshots of the apatial grid. However, we also give some analysis by using the time series at three random grids and of the average value of states, that is, the stable state patterns can be observed. On the other hand, the effects of varying parameters on pattern formation are also discussed. Moreover, simulations for fixed parameters and special initial conditions indicate that the initial conditions can alter the structure of patterns. The patterns can form as a consequence of cellular interaction. So patterns arising from a semi-discrete model can present simulations on a geometrically accurate representation in biology. As a result, our work is interesting and important in ecology.