基于SQUID梯度计的单磁源定位及磁矩反演误差分析

磁源定位及磁矩反演技术在空间探测、无损检测以及目标追踪等领域有着广泛的应用前景。利用磁场梯度张量信息进行磁源定位及磁矩反演的思想是在1975年首次提出的,2006年提出的磁性目标线性方程定位方法以其快速准确求解的特点而备受关注。但是,对于该梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的全方位的误差分析仍有待完善。在简要回顾梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的方法的基础上,提出了一种基于该方法的系统误差和随机误差分析的理论;研究结果表明定位误差是由于将差分近似为微分而引起的系统误差和传感器测量的随机误差构成。以目前具有超高精度、超高灵敏度的超导量子干涉仪作为典型磁场测量传感器,分析了梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位及磁矩反演误差与传感器分辨率和相对误差水平之间的关系。     

四面体磁梯度张量系统的载体磁干扰补偿方法

针对搭载于水下无人航行器(UUV)的四面体磁梯度张量系统易受载体磁场干扰的问题,提出了一种载体磁干扰补偿方法.该方法在载体磁干扰产生机理的基础上,利用磁梯度张量差分测量算法融合四面体磁梯度张量系统中四个矢量磁力仪的载体磁干扰,建立了磁梯度张量系统载体磁干扰数学模型;然后在此数学模型的基础上提出了磁干扰补偿方法,并根据磁梯度张量9分量的数学关系提出了补偿参数辨识方法;最后通过仿真实验对方法进行了验证,结果表明该补偿方法可以有效补偿磁梯度张量系统95.9%的载体磁干扰.该方法利用补偿参数对磁梯度张量系统的输出值直接进行磁干扰补偿,从理论上解决了磁梯度张量系统中各个矢量磁力仪载体磁干扰的统一补偿问题.     

超导磁梯度张量探头结构优化方法研究

针对传统超导磁梯度张量探头中多个磁梯度计间的噪声互扰会降低系统灵敏度的问题，本文提出了一种基于二维傅里叶变换的磁梯度张量探头结构优化方法。通过二维傅里叶变换及逆变换将磁场矢量Z分量沿着Z轴方向的二阶空间导数B_zzz转换为磁场矢量的3个分量以及一阶磁梯度张量的5个独立元素，把通常至少需要6个SQUID一阶平面磁梯度计的探头结构简化为只需要1个二阶SQUID磁梯度计的探头结构，消除了磁梯度计之间的噪声干扰，系统灵敏度提高了1个数量级。实验结果表明该探头具有良好的探测能力，证明了这种优化方法的可行性。     

基于不敏粒子滤波的水中非合作磁性目标实时磁定位方法

针对水中非合作磁性目标的实时定位问题, 提出了一种基于不敏粒子滤波(unscented particle filter, UPF)的实时磁定位方法. 从非合作磁性目标的运动特征出发, 建立了状态空间模型, 利用UPF算法对目标状态进行实时估计. 为了提高系统的可观测性, 在算法迭代过程中对粒子状态进行约束及利用最小二乘法反演磁矩. 仿真与铁磁物体定位实验结果表明, 该方法的定位精度较高, 实时定位效果较好, 可用于近场实时磁定位问题中. 关键词： 磁定位 椭球体模型 状态空间模型 不敏粒子滤波     

传感器网络基于特征值分解的信号被动定位技术

基于传感器网络的信号被动定位技术在电磁学、声学、声呐系统以及传热学等领域具有广泛的应用前景,当传感器网络节点所接收噪声强度不同或传输信道存在阴影衰落效应时,给出了目标信号到达距离比定位关联度量的估计方法与基于信号到达距离比的被动定位算法.将特征值分解技术引入到信号到达距离比定位关联度量估计中,通过接收信号协方差矩阵特征值分解技术估计各节点所接收噪声强度,并通过网络参考节点轮换与特征值分解方法消除阴影衰落效应所引入的定位误差,最后给出该算法的最小二乘定位解.该方法可较好的消除由于节点接收噪声强度不同以及阴影衰落效应等因素所带来的定位性能恶化.     

环形激光弱磁传感器误差分析

本文从理论上分析了环形激光弱磁传感器主要误差因素并提出了若干克服这些因素的方法。这些误差因素是:大尺寸的法拉第室引入的噪声,磁光材料的费尔德常数的温度系数,塞曼效应的混入、朗谬尔效应等。     

用单轴转台标定光纤陀螺捷联系统的方法

针对以六面体作为安装支架的三轴光纤陀螺捷联系统,提出了一种用单轴转台作为标定设备的低成本标定方法。六面体支架有3个面为未安装陀螺的平面,需用游标量角器量出这3个面的相互夹角,并根据这3个面建立机体坐标系,在该坐标系下给出了陀螺输出模型。标定时依次将六面体的3个平面贴于单轴转台的台面进行标定实验,推导了光纤陀螺标度因数和安装误差的求解公式。对标定的精度进行了分析,并与传统的方法对比做了实验验证,结果表明该方法可满足系统要求。     

一种基于惯量椭圆位姿补偿的扩展目标精确定位方法

针对空间扩展目标成像纹理特征少,背景单一,以及目标旋转、平移、形变等运动特征所导致的目标定位跟踪困难的问题,研究了基于惯量椭圆位姿补偿的目标定位跟踪方法(TTBPC)。通过惯量椭圆测姿法获取目标准确俯仰角姿态,将目标位置、姿态补偿到统一的坐标系下,结合最近距离特征点匹配原则,最终实现对空间扩展目标的精确跟踪定位。通过仿真图像和实际图像对TTBPC方法的有效性进行了验证,平移目标定位误差小于0.26pixel,旋转目标定位误差小于0.28pixel,实际空间扩展目标定位误差小于0.3pixel,这表明该方法应用于空间扩展目标定位的有效性和准确性。     

基于蒙特卡罗法的平面度测量不确定度评定

形位误差的测量不确定度评定是目前测量领域研究的热点;但由于其测量的复杂性和测量结果评定的多样性,导致在实际测量结果中形位误差测量的不确定度评定成了难题;为此,根据形状误差评定准则,选取最小二乘法建立数学模型,确定形状误差数学模型中各参数值的传递系数和单点不确定度,并分析具体的测量方法和测量过程中的不确定度来源,根据传统的GUM法对其进行不确定度评定;然后采用蒙特卡罗伪随机数的方法来模拟实际测量数据,从而得到平面度误差的不确定度;通过设置实验对比,验证了蒙特卡罗法评定平面度不确定度的可靠性和准确性;该方法不需要求出数学模型中的传递系数,利用MATLAB软件很容易实现,为平面度误差测量结果不确定度评定提供了更加简便的方法,值得推广和应用。     

一种光学层析图像的多准则重建方法

光学层析成像是一个病态重建问题,为克服重建过程的病态性,提出将多准则优化理论引入到图像重建中。利用了三个用于光学层析图像重建的准则:平方误差函数、图像熵函数和局部平滑函数。采用向量优化方法将多准则优化问题转化为单准则优化问题求解。为了确定各个目标函数间的权重系数,提出一种动态权重系数求解方法。重建过程目标函数关于光学参量的梯度计算是关键,因此提出一种基于梯度树的计算方法。实验过程中对多准则重建结果和基于平方误差函数的单准则重建结果做了比较,证明该方法能够克服传统的偏重单一目标的单准则重建的不足,有效地重建光学层析图像,提高图像重建质量。     

Spatial structure of invariants in monochromatic field configurations of dimension D<1

We consider scalar (intensity, ellipticity) and gradient vector invariants for monochromatic field configurations of dimension D<1. We analyze their spatial structure and peculiarities of the vector invariants (divergence and ambiguity, vortex fields) near singular regions (intensity extrema, regions of circular and linear polarizations). We study the convergence and definiteness of physical quantities (the multipole moments of atoms, the light-induced force, the diffusion tensor) with an invariant representation in the basis of these vector invariants. Various spatial structures of singular regions are presented for symmetric two-and three-dimensional configurations of a monochromatic field.     

On a new integral formula for an invariant of 3-component oriented links

Using physical considerations we constructed a new invariant of isotropy classes of an arbitrary configuration of three magnetic tubes in the space. The integral expression of this invariant is similar to the Massey product integrals of Milnor invariants of links. We prove that the constructed invariant cannot be expressed from the linking numbers of the configuration of magnetic tubes.     

格林函数解卷积处理的阵不变量浅海无源定位

水下声源无源定位是声呐技术重要的研究方向.针对水下声源无源定位问题,本文提出了一种基于格林函数解卷积处理的阵不变量无源定位方法.该方法使用盲解卷积算法从水平阵接收信号中提取时域格林函数,然后采用空域解卷积方法处理得到的时域格林函数,获得波束时间偏移,从波束时间偏移中计算得到阵不变量,解算目标距离,从而实现声源定位.区别...     

Invariants of the Riemann tensor: A classical approach

This paper describes the start of an investigation into the application of classical invariant theory to scalar polynomial invariants of the Riemann tensor. In particular, the classical methods of enumerating invariants are discussed with the aim, not achieved in this paper, of verifying Sneddon's result, obtained by explicit calculation of the invariants that the dimension of a Hilbert basis is 38.     

Magnetoelectric gradiometer

Gradiometer resembles in functionality a sensor measuring the magnetic field gradient whose sensitivity is determined the ability to quantify change with respect to base value. Magnetoelectric (ME) gradiometer designed in this study utilizes ME composites with ring-dot piezoelectric transformer structure working near electromechanical resonance, where ring acts as the input while dot acts as the output. Magnetostrictive disc was bonded on top of the output section resembling a bilayer composite structure. The resonance frequency of sample was found to be in the range of 91–94 kHz. The generated magnetic field due to converse ME effect interacts with the externally applied magnetic field producing flux gradient which is detected through the frequency shift and output voltage change of gradiometer. The measurements clearly illustrate that the proposed design has high sensitivity and it can be used for detecting magnetic field gradient.     

Letter: Note on Invariants of the Weyl Tensor

Algebraically special gravitational fields are described using algebraic and differential invariants of the Weyl tensor. A type III invariant is also given and calculated for Robinson-Trautman spaces.     

用角锥棱镜阵列抑制低频波前畸变

 分析了角锥棱镜阵列“准”位相共轭特性的原理；采用模拟计算的方法，验证了角锥棱镜阵列对低频波前畸变的抑制作用，并研究了其单元数的优化，指出了该方法的局限性和有效应用范围。研究结果表明，采用该方法能有效地提高畸变激光束的焦斑能量集中度，对于抑制双程同轴激光系统的大幅动态低频波前畸变具有现实的应用意义。     

Variational principle in canonical variables,Weber transformation,and complete set of the local integrals of motion for dissipation-free magnetohydrodynamics

The intriguing problem of the “missing” MHD integrals of motion is solved in this paper; i.e., analogues of the Ertel, helicity, and vorticity invariants are obtained. The two latter have been discussed earlier in the literature only for specific cases, and the Ertel invariant is presented for the first time. The set of ideal MHD invariants obtained appears to be complete: to each hydrodynamic invariant corresponds its MHD generalization. These additional invariants are found by means of the fluid velocity decomposition based on its representation in terms of generalized potentials. This representation follows from the discussed variational principle in Hamiltonian (canonical) variables, and it naturally decomposes the velocity field into the sum of “hydrodynamic” and “ magnetic” parts. The “missing” local invariants are expressed in terms of the “ hydrodynamic” part of the velocity and therefore depend on the (nonunique) velocity decomposition; i.e., they are gauge-dependent. Nevertheless, the corresponding conserved integral quantities can be made decomposition-independent by the appropriate choice of the initial conditions for the generalized potentials. It is also shown that the Weber transformation of MHD equations (partial integration of the MHD equations) leads to the velocity representation coinciding with that following from the variational principle with constraints. The necessity of exploiting the complete form of the velocity representation in order to deal with general-type MHD flows (nonbarotropic, rotational, and with all possible types of breaks as well) in terms of single-valued potentials is also under discussion. The new basic invariants found allow one to widen the set of the local invariants on the basis of the well-known recursion procedure.